Experimental Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Dietary manipulations for health and the prevention and management of disease: An editorial.","authors":"Kelly A Bowden Davies, Colleen S Deane","doi":"10.1113/EP092517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092517","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One hundred years of change?","authors":"Martha C Tissot van Patot","doi":"10.1113/EP092536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092536","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TREM2⁺ macrophages accumulate in childhood IgA nephropathy and soluble TREM2 represents a reliable non-invasive biomarker.","authors":"Ling Yu, Xuan Gang, Jingjing Wang, Guoping Huang, Qiuyu Li, Weizhong Gu, Haidong Fu, Jianhua Mao","doi":"10.1113/EP092716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a common type of primary glomerulonephritis in children. The pathogenesis of childhood IgAN remains unclear, and there is a lack of effective non-invasive biomarkers for this disease. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed in children with IgAN to delineate cellular and molecular compositions, and subcluster analysis for macrophages was conducted. Blood samples were collected from 38 children with IgAN to measure soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) and soluble CD163 (sCD163) levels and analyse their clinical significance. Single-cell RNA sequencing identified distinct cell clusters in both parenchymal and stromal compartments. Mesangial components were classified into vascular smooth muscle cells/pericytes, mesangial cells, fibroblasts and activated myofibroblasts. Patients with IgAN had a marked increase in myofibroblasts and immune cells in comparison to the control group. Remarkable infiltration of macrophages was observed in the kidneys of IgAN patients, and a subgroup of marcophages with high TREM2 expression was enriched. Children with IgAN exhibited significantly higher plasma sTREM2 levels than healthy individuals, and the sTREM2 level was correlated with sCD163 abundance. Importantly, an increased sTREM2 level was positively associated with the severity of proteinuria. Moreover, the elevation of sTREM2 was correlated with a more advanced pathological grading. In summary, we unveiled a remarkable remodelling of the stromal cellular landscape in childhood IgAN, and TREM2⁺ macrophages were found to accumulate. We identified that the plasma sTREM2 level was associated with clinical and pathological severity and therefore constituted a potential non-invasive biomarker for children with IgAN.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What we talk about when we talk about reliability: Comment on 'Intra- and inter-session reliability and repeatability of ¹H magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining total creatine concentrations in multiple brain regions' by Pratt et al.","authors":"Rie Skovly Thomsen, Milan Mohammad, Ronan M G Berg, Jacob Peter Hartmann, Markus Harboe Olsen","doi":"10.1113/EP092746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092746","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144063009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between salivary and blood hormone concentrations using an automated electrochemiluminescence immunoassay technique: Challenges and pitfalls.","authors":"Natalie J Hardaker, Patria A Hume, Stacy T Sims, Tom Stewart, Doug A King","doi":"10.1113/EP092542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blood-based measures are considered the gold standard for evaluating steroid hormone concentrations, particularly for confirmation of hormone profiles in female-specific research. However, saliva sampling offers several advantages: it can be collected independently by participants, is less invasive and might be a more time- and cost-effective solution. This preliminary study explored associations between salivary and blood plasma hormone (oestrogen, progesterone and cortisol) concentrations using an automated electrochemiluminescence immunoassay technique. Eight healthy, physically active females with a regular natural menstrual cycle provided: (1) daily app-based menstrual tracking data; (2) daily saliva samples; and (3) two blood samples, each at different time points in the third to fifth menstrual cycle estimated using the backward calculation method. Associations between saliva and blood hormone concentrations were analysed using repeated-measures correlations. Progesterone and oestrogen showed positive associations between blood plasma and salivary measures; (r_m= 0.996, p < 0.0001 and r_m= 0.705, p = 0.0507, respectively). Weak non-significant associations for cortisol (r_m= 0.245, p = 0.526) were found. With further work to validate the assay and develop salivary reference ranges, the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay technique might be feasible for use in quantitative determination of progesterone and oestrogen in saliva and have application in research for within-participant monitoring of changes over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protein-based perioperative nutrition interventions for improving muscle mass and functional outcomes following orthopaedic surgery.","authors":"Oliver C Witard, Alix K Hughes, Paul T Morgan, Mads Larsen, Phillip J J Herrod, Bethan E Phillips, Jugdeep Dhesi","doi":"10.1113/EP092237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This narrative review provides an overview of protein-based perioperative nutrition interventions for improving muscle mass and functional outcomes in patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery. Globally, the number of joint replacement procedures continues to rise annually, with beneficial outcomes in terms of pain relief and quality of life. However, orthopaedic surgery is associated with a transient decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength and function, with resulting impact on balance and posture, mobility and an increased risk of falls during the perioperative period. Perioperative nutrition interventions targeted at mitigating muscle atrophy, strength loss and reduced function in response to orthopaedic surgery have primarily focused on essential amino acid and protein supplementation. Promising results have been observed in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty, total hip replacement, surgical treatment of hip fracture and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Preliminary evidence also suggests a role for perioperative β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate supplementation in improving muscle mass and function outcomes following orthopaedic surgery. However, translation of findings from experimental studies into clinical practice is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Membrane progesterone and oestrogen receptors modulate GABAergic transmission in the prefrontal cortex of prepubertal male, but not female, mice","authors":"Aitana Vázquez-Sola,&nbsp;Hortensia Torres-Torrelo,&nbsp;Josué García Yagüe","doi":"10.1113/EP092439","DOIUrl":"10.1113/EP092439","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The sex hormones progesterone (P) and oestrogen (E) reorganize GABAergic transmission in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during the transition from childhood to adolescence, generating a new excitatory–inhibitory balance necessary for the computational capacity of the mature PFC. Little is known, however, about the hormone receptors involved or whether there are sex differences in the modulation of GABAergic transmission they exert. We hypothesize that P and E can rapidly (within minutes) modulate GABAergic currents through G protein-coupled receptors, namely membrane P receptors (mPRs) and the G protein-coupled E receptor (GPER), respectively, in PFC. First, we quantified the expression of P and E receptors in PFC using quantitative RT-PCR. Secondly, we recorded synaptic (phasic) and extrasynaptic (tonic) GABAergic currents in basal conditions and in response to the activation of mPRs and GPER using patch-clamp recordings in PFC neurons of prepubertal female and male mice. Expression levels of mPRs differed in the PFC of females and males, but no differences were found in the basal levels of phasic or tonic GABAergic currents between sexes. Interestingly, selective activation of mPRs increased tonic GABAergic transmission in males but not in females, and activation of GPER increased phasic GABAergic transmission only in males. We also demonstrated that GABAergic modulation exerted by mPRs and GPER was dependent on protein kinase A and C. This study sheds light on new mechanisms by which P and E can rapidly modulate GABAergic transmission in PFC neurons through the activation of mPRs and GPER.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":"110 6","pages":"888-898"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1113/EP092439","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated cortisol concentration in preterm sheep fetuses impacts heart development.","authors":"Reza Amanollahi, Stacey L Holman, Melanie R Bertossa, Ashley S Meakin, Vicki L Clifton, Kent L Thornburg, I Caroline McMillen, Michael D Wiese, Mitchell C Lock, Janna L Morrison","doi":"10.1113/EP092506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prepartum rise in cortisol promotes cardiac development and maturation. Here, we investigated the impact of elevated circulating cortisol during mid-late gestation on cardiac growth and metabolism in fetal sheep. Saline or cortisol (2-3 mg in 4.4 mL/24 h) was infused into the fetal jugular vein from 109 to 116 days gestation (dG, term = 150 dG), and fetal heart tissue was collected at 116 dG. Glucocorticoid concentrations, gene and protein expression were measured in fetal left ventricle (LV) tissue. Intrafetal cortisol infusion increased cardiac cortisol concentration but downregulated the protein abundance of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) isoforms (GRα-A, GR-P, GR-A, GRα-D2 and GRα-D3). The gene and protein expression of markers of cardiac hyperplastic growth (IGF1, IGF-1R, TGFβ and AGT) were downregulated, while a protein marker of DNA replication (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) was upregulated by cortisol infusion. Cardiac protein and/or gene expression of complex I of the electron transport chain, SOD2, GLUT-4 (gene and protein), and phosphorylated IRS-1, were upregulated in response to elevated fetal cortisol concentration. Intrafetal cortisol infusion downregulated gene expression of PDK4, which mediates the metabolic switch from glucose to fatty acid metabolism. Cardiac expression of molecular markers involved in cardiovascular protection (SIRT-1, HO1, LAMP1 and SK1) were also downregulated in the cortisol group. In conclusion, these findings suggest that chronic cortisol exposure in preterm fetuses alters heart development, promoting cardiac maturation and potentially increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease later in life if these changes persist into adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative and O₂ diffusive function in triceps brachii of recreational to world class swimmers.","authors":"Simone Villanova, Elisa Pastorio, Andrea M Pilotto, Alessio Marciano, Valentina Quaresima, Alessandra Adami, Harry B Rossiter, Daniele A Cardinale, Simone Porcelli","doi":"10.1113/EP092299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate in vivo oxidative capacity and relative resistance to O₂ diffusion using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in the m. triceps brachii of recreational to world class swimmers and evaluate their relationships with swimming performance. Twenty-eight swimmers were enrolled and assigned into three subgroups according to their level: 'recreational/trained' (Tier 1/2; n = 8), 'national' (Tier 3; n = 12) and 'international/world class' (Tier 4/5; n = 8). Performance was evaluated by 100 m freestyle trials. Training volume was measured by self-reported distance (km/week). The <math> <semantics><mrow><mi>m</mi> <msub><mover><mi>V</mi> <mo>̇</mo></mover> <msub><mi>O</mi> <mn>2</mn></msub> </msub> </mrow> <annotation>${mathrm{m}}{{dot{V}}_{{{{mathrm{O}}}_{mathrm{2}}}}}$</annotation></semantics> </math> recovery k of m. triceps brachii was non-invasively estimated by NIRS through repeated intermittent occlusions under two conditions: well-oxygenated (k_HIGH) and low O₂ availability (k_LOW). The difference between k_HIGH and k_LOW (Δk) was calculated as an index of relative resistance to O₂ diffusion. FINA points and 100 m performance differed among all groups. Training volume was greater in Tier 4/5 (34.0 ± 5.5 km week^-1) and Tier 3 (35.5 ± 11.6 km week^-1) than in Tier 1/2 (6.4 ± 1.8 km week^-1). k_HIGH was greater in Tier 4/5 and Tier 3 (3.18 ± 0.41 and 2.79 ± 0.40 min^-1) versus Tier 1/2 (2.10 ± 0.36 min^-1; all P < 0.002). k_HIGH correlated with FINA points, 100 m performance and training volume. ∆k was not different among tiers and was not associated with training volume or performance. M. triceps brachii oxidative capacity (k_HIGH) was positively associated with performance and training volume in swimmers. ∆k, which reflects relative resistance to O₂ diffusion, was not different among athletes. These data suggest that m. triceps brachii oxidative capacity is associated with swimming performance and that muscle O₂ diffusing capacity exerts a similar relative resistance to O₂ diffusive flow across swimmers.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143994465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating muscle protein synthesis using deuterium oxide: The impact of dietary protein interventions across the lifespan.","authors":"Matthew S Brook","doi":"10.1113/EP092016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review highlights recent advancements in our understanding of muscle protein synthesis (MPS) across the lifespan, with a focus on dietary protein strategies to support muscle health. Given that skeletal muscle is crucial for whole-body metabolism, movement and independence, maintaining muscle mass throughout life is essential. However, the gradual decline in muscle mass and strength with age, known as sarcopenia, represents a significant health concern. Muscle mass is regulated by the balance of MPS and muscle protein breakdown, with dietary protein intake playing a central role in stimulating MPS and maintaining a positive protein balance. Much of our current understanding of protein intake, specifically its quantity, quality and distribution, comes from stable isotope-labelled amino acid methods. These techniques, however, are limited by time constraints and controlled settings, providing only brief snapshots of MPS dynamics. The use of deuterium oxide (D₂O) has provided new insights, enabling long-term measures of muscle protein metabolism in free-living conditions. Measurements of longer-term MPS using D₂O suggest that older adults might benefit from protein intakes of >1.2 g/kg/day to enhance MPS. Additionally, replacing protein in the diet with higher-quality sources or enriching lower protein intakes with leucine can further increase MPS. Nevertheless, discrepancies remain regarding optimal protein requirements and the long-term efficacy of supplementing with enriched suboptimal protein doses. The continued application of D₂O in dietary protein research has the potential to provide further insights into the prolonged effects of various protein strategies on muscle preservation across the lifespan.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144005183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}