Experimental Physiology最新文献

{"title":"From fatigue to physiology: Submaximal 2-day cardiopulmonary exercise test and emerging standards in long COVID.","authors":"Michael G Risbano","doi":"10.1113/EP092958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092958","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Galloyl-bis-hexahydroxydiphenoyl glucose and endothelial remodelling: nutrigenomic insights into blackberry's superior vasorelaxant efficacy over mugwort.","authors":"Shan Tao, Yinuo Qin, Chengqiang Jin","doi":"10.1113/EP092901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092901","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to: Galloyl-bis-hexahydroxydiphenoyl glucose and endothelial remodelling: Nutrigenomic insights into blackberry's superior vasorelaxant efficacy over mugwort.","authors":"Afaf Mehiou, Anca Lucau-Danila, Zachee L E Akissi, Chaimae Alla, Nourelhouda Bouanani, Abdelkhaleq Legssyer, Jean-Louis Hilbert, Sevser Sahpaz, Abderrahim Ziyyat","doi":"10.1113/EP092989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092989","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increases in skin perfusion and blood oxygen in the non-exercising human limbs during exercise in the heat: Implications for control of circulation.","authors":"Steven J Trangmar, José González-Alonso","doi":"10.1113/EP092742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blood flow in the inactive limb tissues and skin is widely thought to decline during incremental exercise to exhaustion due to augmented sympathoadrenal vasoconstrictor activity, but direct evidence to support this view is lacking. Here, we investigated the inactive-forearm haemodynamic ( <math> <semantics> <msub><mover><mi>Q</mi> <mo>̇</mo></mover> <mi>forearm</mi></msub> <annotation>${dot{Q}}_{mathrm{forearm}}$</annotation></semantics> </math> ) and oxygenation responses to a range of two-leg exercise intensities and durations in the heat. Blood oxygen and flow were measured in the forearm tissue and skin of endurance-trained males during three incremental cycling exercise tests, with tests 1 and 2 separated by a 2 h bout of moderate constant load cycling exercise, all performed in the heat (35°C, 50% relative humidity, with fan cooling). In incremental exercise tests 1 and 3, <math> <semantics> <msub><mover><mi>Q</mi> <mo>̇</mo></mover> <mi>forearm</mi></msub> <annotation>${dot{Q}}_{mathrm{forearm}}$</annotation></semantics> </math> was stable from rest to ∼40% W_peak, before increasing by ∼118% at 80% W_peak (P <0.001). Correspondingly, forearm skin arterio-venous oxygen difference (a-vO₂ diff) decreased by ∼62% at 80% W_peak (P = 0.043), remaining reduced through to W_peak. Concomitantly, forearm skin blood flow more than doubled, while forearm deep tissue O₂ saturation decreased. When incremental exercise started shortly after constant load exercise (test 2), <math> <semantics> <msub><mover><mi>Q</mi> <mo>̇</mo></mover> <mi>forearm</mi></msub> <annotation>${dot{Q}}_{mathrm{forearm}}$</annotation></semantics> </math> was 2- to 3-fold higher than during tests 1 and 3, whereas skin a-vO₂ diff was suppressed to a low level. Similar changes were observed during constant load exercise. In conclusion, skin perfusion increases during incremental exercise in the heat, concomitant to proportional reductions in oxygen extraction from the cutaneous circulation. Hence, contrary to the generally held view, skin perfusion remains elevated during maximal exercise and heat stress despite profound increases in sympathoadrenal activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The search for the ultra-elusive: Can computed cardiopulmonography enhance early detection of gas exchange abnormality?","authors":"Harry B Rossiter, Yannick Molgat-Seon","doi":"10.1113/EP092925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092925","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144316220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise modality-dependent mitochondrial respiratory capacity in satellite cells and conditioned serum-induced responses in cultured myotubes.","authors":"Takanaga Shirai, Hayato Shinkai, Riku Tanimura, Kazuki Uemichi, Shunsuke Sugiyama, Kohei Takeda, Yu Kitaoka, Tohru Takemasa","doi":"10.1113/EP092922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exercise-induced mitochondrial adaptations contribute to muscle function and metabolic health. We aimed to investigate the association of moderate-intensity swimming (MOD) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle cells treated with exercise-conditioned serum. Male ICR mice (7-8 weeks old) were assigned to the Sedentary, MOD or HIIT group. The MOD group underwent five sessions of 60 min. The HIIT group performed weighted high-intensity swimming intervals. This study assessed mitochondrial enzyme activity in the plantaris muscle, mitochondrial respiratory capacity in isolated satellite cells, and mitochondrial function in C2C12 myotubes treated with exercise-derived serum. Serum was obtained immediately and 24 h postexercise to assess acute effects and chronic adaptations, respectively. The MOD and HIIT groups demonstrated significantly increased muscle citrate synthase and cytochrome c oxidase activities compared with the Sedentary group, but with no significant differences between the MOD and HIIT groups. Satellite cells exhibited higher basal respiration, ATP production and maximal respiratory capacity in the MOD group than in the Sedentary and HIIT groups. Acute serum notably improved maximal mitochondrial respiration in cultured C2C12 myotubes in the HIIT group, whereas serum from chronic training improved those parameters but demonstrated no modality-specific effects. MOD enhances mitochondrial respiratory function in satellite cells, probably owing to sustained aerobic metabolic signalling, whereas HIIT produces a potent but transient systemic response that acutely boosts mitochondrial function in muscle cells. The differential effects of exercise modalities emphasize the importance of timing and exercise modality in driving specific mitochondrial adaptations, thereby providing valuable insights for tailored exercise prescriptions for optimizing metabolic health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144283067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Submaximal 2-day cardiopulmonary exercise testing to assess exercise capacity and post-exertional symptom exacerbation in people with long COVID.","authors":"Callum Thomas, Nik Kudiersky, Paul Ansdell, Ruth E Ashton, Calum Brown, Thomas Bewick, Jack Carr, Emily Hume, Padraig Spillane, Elisa Pastorio, Rebecca Owen, Tom Maden-Wilkinson, Ethan McNeil-Angopa, Tom Parkington, Ross Arena, Cemal Ozemek, Federico Formenti, Sundar Kumar Veluswamy, Rachita Gururaj, Mark A Faghy","doi":"10.1113/EP092576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long COVID has a complex pathology and a heterogeneous symptom profile that impacts quality of life and functional status. Post-exertional symptom exacerbation (PESE) affects one-third of people living with long COVID, but the physiological basis of impaired physical function remains poorly understood. Sixty-eight people (age (mean ± SD): 50 ± 11 years, 46 females (68%)) were screened for severity of PESE and completed two submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise tests separated by 24 h. Work rate was stratified relative to functional status and was set at 10, 20 or 30 W, increasing by 5 W/min for a maximum of 12 min. At the first ventilatory threshold (VT1), <math> <semantics> <msub><mover><mi>V</mi> <mo>̇</mo></mover> <msub><mi>O</mi> <mn>2</mn></msub> </msub> <annotation>${dot V_{{{mathrm{O}}_2}}}$</annotation></semantics> </math> was 0.73 ± 0.16 L/min on Day 1 and decreased on Day 2 (0.68 ± 0.16 L/min; P = 0.003). Work rate at VT1 was lower on Day 2 (Day 1 vs. Day 2; 28 ± 13 vs. 24 ± 12 W; P = 0.004). Oxygen pulse on Day 1 at VT1 was 8.2 ± 2.2 mL/beat and was reduced on Day 2 (7.5 ± 1.8 mL/beat; P = 0.002). The partial pressure of end tidal carbon dioxide was reduced on Day 2 (Day 1 vs. Day 2; 38 ± 3.8 vs. 37 ± 3.2 mmHg; P = 0.010). Impaired <math> <semantics> <msub><mover><mi>V</mi> <mo>̇</mo></mover> <msub><mi>O</mi> <mn>2</mn></msub> </msub> <annotation>${dot V_{{{mathrm{O}}_2}}}$</annotation></semantics> </math> is indicative of reduced transport and/or utilisation of oxygen. <math> <semantics> <msub><mover><mi>V</mi> <mo>̇</mo></mover> <msub><mi>O</mi> <mn>2</mn></msub> </msub> <annotation>${dot V_{{{mathrm{O}}_2}}}$</annotation></semantics> </math> at VT1 was impaired on Day 2, highlighting worsened function in the 24 h after submaximal exercise. The data suggest multiple contributing physiological mechanisms across different systems and further research is needed to investigate these areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microelectrode recordings from the human cervical vagus nerve during maximal breath-holds.","authors":"Vaughan G Macefield, Anthony R Bain, Matthew I Badour, Marko Kumric, Ivan Drvis, Otto F Barak, Josko Bozic, Zeljko Dujic","doi":"10.1113/EP092890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Voluntary breath-holds can be sustained for a long time following training, but ultimately, regardless of duration, the asphyxic break-point is reached and the apnoea terminated. The physiological changes occurring during the apnoea include a marked increase in sympathetically-mediated vasoconstriction in non-essential organs, such as skeletal muscle, spleen and kidney, while the brain is protected by a marked increase in perfusion. What is not understood is what happens to cardiac vagal activity. Here, we performed microelectrode recordings from the right cervical vagus nerve in healthy participants [both trained breath-hold divers (n = 10) and untrained controls (n = 10)] during tidal breathing, slow-deep breathing, an inspiratory-capacity apnoea and an end-expiratory apnoea. Using cross-correlation analysis of multi-unit neural activity, we tested the hypothesis that breath-hold divers would have greater cardiac modulation of vagal activity, which primarily reflects the discharge of cardiac afferents, particularly during a maximal apnoea. We showed that there were no differences in cardiac modulation of vagus nerve activity either during tidal breathing or during any of the respiratory manoeuvres, nor was there a difference in cardiac modulation during the static phase of a maximal apnoea or when involuntary breathing movements occurred before reaching the asphyxic break-point. We conclude that changes in vagal sensory inputs from the heart are not responsible for the marked tolerance to asphyxia shown by breath-hold divers.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topical application of the cold-mimetic l-menthol decreases wheel running without affecting the beneficial effects of voluntary exercise in mice.","authors":"Annalaura Bellucci, Bradley J Baranowski, Stewart Jeromson, Michael Akcan, Serena Trang, Meagan Arbeau, Hadil Alfares, Katelyn Eisner, David C Wright","doi":"10.1113/EP092754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Topical application of l-menthol, a pharmacological cold-mimetic and agonist of the cold-sensing receptor TRPM8 (transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8), has been shown to stimulate brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and reduce weight gain in both obese and lean male mice, without affecting energy intake. While these findings suggest that l-menthol could offer a novel approach to prevent weight gain, its potential to enhance the benefits of exercise on whole-body metabolic health remains unexplored. In this study, we investigated whether daily topical l-menthol application, combined with voluntary wheel running, could enhance exercise-induced improvements in metabolic health in male and female C57BL/6J mice housed at thermoneutrality (29°C). Our results demonstrated that although l-menthol treatment reduced voluntary wheel running distance, there was still a main effect of exercise to reduce fat mass, weight gain and improve glucose tolerance. Indirect calorimetry revealed that l-menthol increased total energy expenditure, potentially explaining improvements in metabolic health despite reductions in voluntary wheel running. These findings suggest that although l-menthol does not enhance the effects of voluntary exercise, it remains a promising strategy for improving metabolic health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual and vestibular reweighting after cyber- and space-sickness.","authors":"Tess Bonnard, Emilie Doat, Jean-René Cazalets, Dominique Guehl, Etienne Guillaud","doi":"10.1113/EP092966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092966","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sensory conflicts are widely recognized as the primary drivers of motion sickness (MS), though the underlying integrative processes remain poorly understood. This study investigated sensory reweighting following exposure to two different sensory conflict paradigms. Visual and vestibular reflexes were assessed before and after sensory conflict. In the first paradigm, participants were exposed to a visuo-vestibular conflict using visually induced illusory motion (vection) in two environments in immersive virtual reality. In the second paradigm, vestibular conflict was induced by gravitational changes in parabolic flight. Semi-circular canal integration was measured via the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) suppression task, while visual weight was assessed through optokinetic nystagmus (OKN). Our findings revealed that, following virtual reality exposure, VOR response decreased by 12%, indicating a reduced reliance on vestibular inputs. Conversely, after parabolic flight, OKN performance was diminished by 13%, indicating a diminished weight of visual inputs. These findings suggest that the sensory modality failing to detect the motion was considered less reliable and therefore assigned a reduced contribution during the integration process, regardless of its actual accuracy. Additionally, visual sensitivity was associated with increased susceptibility to cybersickness, whereas vestibular sensitivity seemed to correlate MS severity in parabolic flight. Altogether, our data suggest that the sensitivity of the most stimulated sensory modality during a sensory conflict may predict an individual's susceptibility to MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}