Experimental Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Betamethasone improved near-term neonatal lamb lung maturation in experimental maternal asthma","authors":"Joshua L. Robinson,&nbsp;Andrea J. Roff,&nbsp;Sarah J. Hammond,&nbsp;Jack R. T. Darby,&nbsp;Ashley S. Meakin,&nbsp;Stacey L. Holman,&nbsp;Andrew Tai,&nbsp;Tim J. M. Moss,&nbsp;Catherine G. Dimasi,&nbsp;Sarah M. Jesse,&nbsp;Michael D. Wiese,&nbsp;Andrew N. Davies,&nbsp;Beverly S. Muhlhausler,&nbsp;Robert J. Bischof,&nbsp;Megan J. Wallace,&nbsp;Vicki L. Clifton,&nbsp;Janna L. Morrison,&nbsp;Michael J. Stark,&nbsp;Kathryn L. Gatford","doi":"10.1113/EP091997","DOIUrl":"10.1113/EP091997","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Maternal asthma is associated with increased rates of neonatal lung disease, and fetuses from asthmatic ewes have fewer surfactant-producing cells and lower surfactant-protein B gene (<i>SFTPB</i>) expression than controls. Antenatal betamethasone increases lung surfactant production in preterm babies, and we therefore tested this therapy in experimental maternal asthma. Ewes were sensitised to house dust mite allergen, and an asthmatic phenotype induced by fortnightly allergen lung challenges; controls received saline. Pregnant asthmatic ewes were randomised to receive antenatal saline (asthma) or 12 mg intramuscular betamethasone (asthma+beta) at 138 and 139 days of gestation (term = 150 days). Lambs were delivered by Caesarean section at 140 days of gestation and ventilated for 45 min before tissue collection. Lung function and structure were similar in control lambs (<i>n</i> = 16, 11 ewes) and lambs from asthma ewes (<i>n</i> = 14, 9 ewes). Dynamic lung compliance was higher in lambs from asthma+beta ewes (<i>n</i> = 12, 8 ewes) compared to those from controls (<i>P</i> = 0.003) or asthma ewes (<i>P</i> = 0.008). Lung expression of surfactant protein genes <i>SFTPA</i> (<i>P</i> = 0.048) and <i>SFTPB</i> (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), but not <i>SFTPC</i> (<i>P</i> = 0.177) or <i>SFTPD</i> (<i>P</i> = 0.285), was higher in lambs from asthma+beta than those from asthma ewes. Female lambs had higher tidal volume (<i>P</i> = 0.007), dynamic lung compliance (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), and <i>SFTPA</i> (<i>P</i> = 0.037) and <i>SFTPB</i> gene expression (<i>P</i> = 0.030) than males. These data suggest that betamethasone stimulates lung maturation and function of near-term neonates, even in the absence of impairment by maternal asthma.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":"109 11","pages":"1967-1979"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1113/EP091997","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142461291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute and long-term effect of specific and non-specific exercises in patients with chronic neck pain: A protocol for a randomized controlled trial","authors":"Giovanna Laura Neves Antonio Gaban,&nbsp;Henrik Bjarke Vægter,&nbsp;Maria Ramela Schalch Vivaldini,&nbsp;Camila Nepomuceno Broisler,&nbsp;Giovanna Silva Nunes,&nbsp;Luiz Fernando Approbato Selistre","doi":"10.1113/EP091907","DOIUrl":"10.1113/EP091907","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Exercise therapy is the most common approach for people with chronic neck pain (CNP). Although well-established, it remains unknown which type of exercise is the best for treating this condition. Moreover, pain processing can play a role in the persistence of pain and in the response to interventions. Thus, the aim of this randomized controlled trial is to compare the acute and long-term effects of two exercise protocols (specific and non-specific) on pain and pain processing in individuals with CNP. One hundred and ten participants aged between 18 and 65 years who have had non-specific neck pain for more than 3 months will be recruited. They will be randomized and allocated into two groups (specific exercises and non-specific exercises) and both groups will perform an exercise programme twice a week for 8 weeks. Both programmes are divided into two progressive and individualized phases. The primary outcomes are change in pain intensity after 8 weeks of exercise and exercise-induced hypoalgesia, and secondary outcomes are pressure pain threshold, temporal summation of pain, conditioned pain modulation, the Neck Disability Index, the Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the Global Perception of Change Scale. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, after 8 weeks of intervention, and at 6-month follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":"110 1","pages":"58-67"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11689135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142461288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast and slow lanes of the vagus","authors":"Song T. Yao,&nbsp;Julian F. R. Paton","doi":"10.1113/EP090868","DOIUrl":"10.1113/EP090868","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;This issue of &lt;i&gt;Experimental Physiology&lt;/i&gt; contains symposium reports that were presented 5 September at the Congress of the International Society of Autonomic Neuroscience—ISAN 2022 in Cairns, Australia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Physiologists are highly skilled at measuring fast, dynamic bodily responses in real time, such as the dramatic reduction in heart rate when the cardiac vagus nerves are activated. However, they are less adept at measuring responses that manifest over hours, days or even weeks. This symposium brought together leading experts in the field to discuss aspects of the fast and slow functions of the cardiac vagus efferent outflow. Using cutting-edge technology, such as three-dimensional single-cell RNA sequencing of the intrinsic cardiac ganglia, in vivo somatic gene transfer, optogenetics and whole-cell patch clamping, this symposium reported and discussed substantial new knowledge about both the fast and slow functions of the cardiac vagus. It considered how the structure and function of the cardiac vagus divide and conquer to ensure optimal functioning, in addition to protection in disease states. Multiple cardiac functions were considered, such as chrono-, iono- and dromotropism and coronary blood flow at rest and during exercise. It revealed the novel integrative crosstalk between the cardiac vagus and other organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract, in health and disease.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gee et al. (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) describe an integrative framework based on computational modelling to combine disparate and multiscale data on the two vagal control lanes of the cardiovascular system. New molecular-scale data, perhaps most importantly single-cell transcriptomics, have dramatically increased our understanding of the neuronal states underlying vagally mediated fast and slow regulation of cardiac physiology. Computational models at the cellular scale, built from these datasets combined with circuitry, neuronal and organ-scale physiology data, allow the creation of multisystem, multiscale models that enable in silico exploration of fast versus slow lane vagal stimulation. These computational models allow experimental questions on the mechanisms regulating vagal control of the heart to be explored, ultimately improving cardiovascular health.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Booth et al. (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) addressed the potential of using vagus nerve stimulation as a treatment for heart failure. Heart failure patients often have a poor quality of life, experiencing dyspnoea, fatigue, oedema and depression, and are at high risk of hospital admission and increased rates of mortality and morbidity. Vagal nerve stimulation has been trialed using whole-nerve electrical stimulation, but the results have been mixed. Why? This might, at least in part, be attributable to the inability to recruit the right vagal fibres selectively and the lack of knowledge about which specific fibres of the fast and slow lanes to target. This review discusses the different populations of cardiac-projec","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":"109 12","pages":"1992-1993"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1113/EP090868","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142461292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skeletal muscle fuel utilisation during exercise: A historical account of the Scandinavian involvement in the ‘Zuntz–Chauveau controversy’","authors":"Ronan M. G. Berg","doi":"10.1113/EP092156","DOIUrl":"10.1113/EP092156","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;As I have previously recounted, the collective research efforts of Erik Hohwü Christensen (1904–1996), Marius Nielsen (1903–2000) and Erling Asmussen (1907–1991), known as The Three Musketeers of Scandinavian exercise physiology, significantly advanced the understanding of the adaptive resetting of homeostasis across organ systems during exercise (Berg, &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). Their collaborative studies, conducted mainly between 1936 and 1941, primarily focused on cardiovascular, respiratory and thermoregulatory functions. At first glance, one might wonder why they did not also focus on skeletal muscle metabolism within this framework; indeed, is the very &lt;i&gt;raison d'être&lt;/i&gt; of these homeostatic adaptations not to ensure adequate substrate delivery to the contracting skeletal muscle? However, it turns out that this was indeed a primary research focus for Christensen and his colleague Ove Hansen (1907–1990) as early as 1931–1932. Here, I describe how their studies added to the decades-long so-called ‘Zuntz–Chauveau controversy’, but how unforeseen events seemingly stalled this line of research for years, until revived by Christensen's students at the Royal Gymnastic Central Institute (GCI) in Stockholm.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ‘Zuntz–Chauveau controversy’ centred on whether carbohydrates serve as the exclusive substrate for skeletal muscle metabolism or not, particularly during exercise (Asmussen, &lt;span&gt;1971&lt;/span&gt;). The French veterinarian and Professor of Comparative Pathology Jean-Baptiste Auguste Chauveau (1827–1917) is credited as the first to propose that glucose is the sole metabolic substrate for muscle contraction, as his experiments showed that the levator muscle of the lower lip in horses increases glucose uptake during chewing (Chauveau &amp; Kaufman, &lt;span&gt;1887&lt;/span&gt;). This supported his subsequent demonstration that the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) in humans increases from 0.70 at rest to 0.97 after hours of stair-walking (Chauveau, &lt;span&gt;1896&lt;/span&gt;). From the late 1880s, the contemporary Berlin-based physiologist Nathan Zuntz (1847–1920) also measured a rise in RER in exercising horses and humans. However, when Zuntz later reviewed his almost 30 years of work (Zuntz, &lt;span&gt;1911&lt;/span&gt;), he reasoned that since RER never reaches unity during exercise, both carbohydrates and fats must be oxidised by contracting skeletal muscle. Zuntz furthermore argued that the relative contribution of each substrate depends on the intensity and duration of the exercise.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Things (literally) started heating up when the rising star of the time, Archibald V. Hill (1886–1977), disputed Zuntz's theory. Hill had shown that heat production in contracting isolated frog muscle remained constant regardless of oxygen availability, but that additional heat was generated when oxygen was present during the recovery phase (Hill, &lt;span&gt;1910, 1913&lt;/span&gt;). Hill attributed this phenomenon to the formation of lactate, which he believed to be the primary substrate for muscl","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":"110 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11689119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142461298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liver iron stores and effectors of ferroptosis are dependent on age and sex","authors":"Steven A. Bloomer,&nbsp;Brett A. Wagner,&nbsp;Garry R. Buettner,&nbsp;Kyle E. Brown","doi":"10.1113/EP092035","DOIUrl":"10.1113/EP092035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ferroptosis is a form of cell death characterized by a pro-oxidative cellular milieu and iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis has been implicated in various forms of liver injury, in keeping with the major role of the liver in iron metabolism. Limited research has addressed potential differences in ferroptosis mediators with age and sex, especially in an in vivo model. The goal of this investigation was to evaluate hepatic labile iron and mediators of ferroptosis with ageing in both sexes. Because female animals generally display greater antioxidant defences than males, we hypothesized that females would display a phenotype resistant to ferroptosis. Here, we determined iron contents, protein expression of ferroptosis mediators and measures of oxidative injury in liver samples from 12- and 24-month-old male and female Fischer 344 rats. In comparison to males, the livers of female rats at both ages contained more non-haem iron, which was associated with greater ferritin heavy chain expression and attenuated expression of transferrin receptor-1. In female rats, the 24-month-old group had higher contents of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances compared with their 12-month-old counterparts, yet similar contents of labile iron. These results suggest a disconnect between labile iron contents and oxidative injury with age. Female animals also displayed greater expression of acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4), a modulator of ferroptosis, and greater abundance of high molecular weight 4-hydroxnonenal-modified proteins. These results demonstrate clear differences in iron and ferroptosis mediators between sexes and suggest that female rats of this strain might be more susceptible to ferroptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":"109 12","pages":"2046-2056"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1113/EP092035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142461296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From doubt to doctorate: Navigating imposter syndrome and thriving in physiology-based grad studies","authors":"Joel S. Burma","doi":"10.1113/EP092244","DOIUrl":"10.1113/EP092244","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Graduate school in Canada is a unique experience varying widely across universities, faculties, and sometimes within the same laboratory. Projects differ in scope, timelines shift unpredictably, and domains of study are individualized to each student's interest. However, a common feeling or perception emerges as a near-universal phenomenon for graduate students in physiology: imposter syndrome (Feigofsky, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). While there are numerous different subtypes (Chandra et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;), imposter syndrome is a belief in which individuals doubt their accomplishments and have a persistent fear of being exposed as a fraud despite evidence of their competence and success. Regardless of your topic of interest, the feeling you do not truly belong, you are not good enough, or that you do not know enough to be offered the opportunity you have paralyses project advancement and personal development. Importantly, this feeling is not achievement-dependent, with the most accomplished graduate students and early career researchers noting their struggles with this mindset. This was my case, where I thought if I had X number of publications, I would feel competent and knowledgeable in my domain. Yet despite hitting several of these milestones and completing my Doctoral studies with 62 peer-reviewed publications, the feeling of inadequacy never subsided. Upon deeper reflection and discussions with others, I realized the feeling of being an imposter is intrinsic to being a grad student. We create or lead a project with the guidance of our supervisors, whose primary role is to help foster our development. Further, we receive feedback from a committee (i.e., a panel of physiological experts) to refine and develop our thesis/dissertation, with their novel insight based on their specific field of study. However, the committee is generally composed of numerous experts across different domains who can provide feedback on a unique aspect of a project. This highlights that while grad students may feel insecure because they are dealing with the knowledge of experts, these experts generally are world-renowned within a very specific domain of research, and deviation into a different domain in the same faculty will leave them feeling like an imposter. Further, an individual is only considered an expert in their field once they have defended their graduate degree. Therefore, rather than feeling negative about imposter syndrome, embrace it and accept that you are not an expert in your topic yet. Use it as motivation to remain curious and ask questions; no one expects you to have all the answers during the trainee stage of your academic journey.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One of the most valuable lessons I learned across my graduate degrees was to reframe rejection and failure as positive. Instead of seeing them as signs of inadequacy, I began to view them as opportunities for growth and development. With every unsuccessful grant, I learned how to adapt my writing to better pitch","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":"110 2","pages":"183-184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11782173/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142461293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastrointestinal permeability and kidney injury risk during hyperthermia in young and older adults","authors":"Zachary J. McKenna,&nbsp;Whitley C. Atkins,&nbsp;Taysom Wallace,&nbsp;Caitlin P. Jarrard,&nbsp;Craig G. Crandall,&nbsp;Josh Foster","doi":"10.1113/EP092204","DOIUrl":"10.1113/EP092204","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We tested whether older adults, compared with young adults, exhibit greater gastrointestinal permeability and kidney injury during heat stress. Nine young (32 ± 3 years) and nine older (72 ± 3 years) participants were heated using a model of controlled hyperthermia (increasing core temperature by 2°C via a water-perfused suit). Gastrointestinal permeability was assessed using a multi-sugar drink test containing lactulose, sucrose and rhamnose. Blood and urine samples were assayed for markers of intestinal barrier injury [plasma intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), plasma lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and plasma soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14)], inflammation (serum cytokines), kidney function (plasma creatinine and cystatin C) and kidney injury [urine arithmetic product of IGFBP7 and TIMP-2 (TIMP-2 × IGFBP7), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule-1]. The lactulose-to-rhamnose ratio was increased in both young and older adults (group-wide: Δ0.11 ± 0.11), but the excretion of sucrose was increased only in older adults (Δ1.7 ± 1.5). Young and older adults showed similar increases in plasma LBP (group-wide: Δ0.65 ± 0.89 µg/mL), but no changes were observed for I-FABP or sCD14. Heat stress caused similar increases in plasma creatinine (group-wide: Δ0.08 ± 0.07 mg/dL), cystatin C (group-wide: Δ0.16 ± 0.18 mg/L) and urinary IGFBP7 × TIMP-2 [group-wide: Δ0.64 ± 0.95 (pg/min)²] in young and older adults. Thus, the level of heat stress used herein caused modest increases in gastrointestinal permeability, resulting in a mild inflammatory response in young and older adults. Furthermore, our data indicate that older adults might be more at risk for increases in gastroduodenal permeability, as evidenced by the larger increases in sucrose excretion in response to heat stress. Finally, our findings show that heat stress impairs kidney function and elevates markers of kidney injury; however, these responses are not modulated by age.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":"110 1","pages":"79-92"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11689130/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142461294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle fatigue, pedalling technique and the \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 V\u0000 ̇\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 O\u0000 2\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ${{dot{V}}_{{{{mathrm{O}}}_{mathrm{2}}}}}$\u0000 slow component during cycling","authors":"Keenan B. MacDougall,&nbsp;Saied J. Aboodarda,&nbsp;Paulina H. Westergard,&nbsp;Brian R. MacIntosh","doi":"10.1113/EP092116","DOIUrl":"10.1113/EP092116","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Above the first lactate threshold, the steady-state &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;̇&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;${{dot{V}}_{{{{mathrm{O}}}_{mathrm{2}}}}}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; is delayed or prevented due to the &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;̇&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;${{dot{V}}_{{{{mathrm{O}}}_{mathrm{2}}}}}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; slow component (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;̇&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;SC&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;${{dot{V}}_{{{{mathrm{O}}}_{mathrm{2}}}{mathrm{SC}}}}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;). This phenomenon has been associated with muscle fatigue, but evidence for a causal relationship is equivocal. Moreover, little is known about the contribution of pedalling technique adjustments to &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;̇&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;SC&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;${{dot{V}}_{{{{mathrm{O}}}_{mathrm{2}}}{mathrm{SC}}}}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; during fatiguing cycling exercise. Eleven participants completed constant power trials at 10% above the second lactate threshold. Muscle fatigue was assessed, utilizing femoral nerve stimulation and instrumented pedals, while &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;̇&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":"110 1","pages":"115-126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11689125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142461287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autonomous nervous system responses to environmental-level exposure to 5G's first deployed band (3.5 GHz) in healthy human volunteers","authors":"Layla Jamal,&nbsp;Lisa Michelant,&nbsp;Stéphane Delanaud,&nbsp;Laurent Hugueville,&nbsp;Paul Mazet,&nbsp;Philippe Lévêque,&nbsp;Tamara Baz,&nbsp;Véronique Bach,&nbsp;Brahim Selmaoui","doi":"10.1113/EP092083","DOIUrl":"10.1113/EP092083","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Following the global progressive deployment of 5G networks, considerable attention has focused on assessing their potential impact on human health. This study aims to investigate autonomous nervous system changes by exploring skin temperature and electrodermal activity (EDA) among 44 healthy young individuals of both sexes during and after exposure to 3.5 GHz antenna-emitted signals, with an electrical field intensity ranging from 1 to 2 V/m. The study employed a randomized, cross-over design with triple-blinding, encompassing both ‘real’ and ‘sham’ exposure sessions, separated by a maximum interval of 1 week. Each session comprised baseline, exposure and postexposure phases, resulting in the acquisition of seven runs. Each run initiated with a 150 s segment of EDA recordings stimulated by 10 repeated beeps. Subsequently, the collected data underwent continuous decomposition analysis, generating specific indicators assessed alongside standard metrics such as trough-to-peak measurements, global skin conductance and maximum positive peak deflection. Additionally, non-invasive, real-time skin temperature measurements were conducted to evaluate specific anatomical points (hand, head and neck). The study suggests that exposure to 3.5 GHz signals may potentially affect head and neck temperature, indicating a slight increase in this parameter. Furthermore, there was a minimal modulation of certain electrodermal metrics after the exposure, suggesting a potentially faster physiological response to auditory stimulation. However, while the results are significant, they remain within the normal physiological range and could be a consequence of an uncontrolled variable. Given the preliminary nature of this pilot study, further research is needed to confirm the effects of 5G exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":"109 12","pages":"2122-2133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1113/EP092083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142461290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing physiology through transparency: Celebrating our first registered report.","authors":"Peter Rasmussen, Michael J Tipton, Alex Stewart, Damian M Bailey","doi":"10.1113/EP091963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP091963","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142461289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}