Experimental Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Changes in motor unit firing pattern are associated with post-exercise blood pressure response in older untreated but not treated hypertensive adults","authors":"Ryosuke Takeda,&nbsp;Tetsuya Hirono,&nbsp;Akito Yoshiko,&nbsp;Shun Kunugi,&nbsp;Masamichi Okudaira,&nbsp;Saeko Ueda,&nbsp;Taichi Nishikawa,&nbsp;Kohei Watanabe","doi":"10.1113/EP091981","DOIUrl":"10.1113/EP091981","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to determine the difference in motor unit (MU) firing pattern between hypertensive and normotensive individuals, and the relationship between MU firing pattern and post-exercise blood pressure (BP) response in older individuals. Fourteen older untreated (systolic/diastolic BP (SBP/DBP) ≥ 130/80 mmHg, 76 (5) years), 11 treated hypertensive (78 (4) years) and 14 normotensive (SBP/DBP &lt; 130/80 mmHg, 71 (4) years) individuals were studied. Participants performed ramp-up exercises until 50% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of knee extension and five MVCs. During the ramp-up exercise, high-density surface electromyography signals were recorded and each MU firing rate (FR) and recruitment threshold was assessed. The slope of the linear regression between MUFRs and recruitment thresholds was calculated to assess the MU firing pattern. Pre- and post-exercise blood pressure was measured. Change in (∆)SBP from pre- to post-exercise was greater in treated hypertensive than untreated hypertensive individuals (<i>P</i> = 0.026). MUFR was lower in treated hypertensive than untreated hypertensive and normotensive individuals (<i>P </i>&lt; 0.001). Although the slope was not significantly different between groups (<i>P</i> = 0.294), FRs of larger MUs were lower than those of smaller MUs in treated hypertensive and normotensive individuals (<i>P </i>&lt; 0.05) but sustained in untreated hypertensive individuals. The FRs of larger MUs and slope were positively correlated with the ∆SBP only in hypertensive individuals (<i>r</i> = 0.768 and 0.715; <i>P</i> = 0.044 and 0.020). MUFR was lower in treated hypertensive than untreated hypertensive and normotensive individuals. Furthermore, MU firing patterns were associated with the ∆SBP after exercise in older untreated hypertensive individuals, but this relationship was not observed in treated hypertensive and normotensive individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":"110 2","pages":"307-320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11782166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142544619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Any old iron, man","authors":"Mike Tipton","doi":"10.1113/EP092295","DOIUrl":"10.1113/EP092295","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The alarm was set for 04:00 h in Austria (03:00 h UK BST), but it never goes off; I have been awake with excitement and anxiety most of the night, as had the friend I am sharing the twin room with. I wonder how much a small time zone shift and one night of sleep deprivation impact on endurance performance (Lopes et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). This is seldom factored into exercise assessments. A breakfast with lots of strong coffee, an ergogenic aid (Pickering &amp; Grgic, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;) and cereal. Then off to bike transition at 04:45 h.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I have attempted an ‘Ironman’ (IM; 2.8 km swim, 180 km bike, 42.2 km [marathon] run) every 5 years since I gave up rugby at 43 years old; it is cheaper than private healthcare. I normally finish in 13–14 h. On the 16 June 2024, in my 66th year, it was the turn of the Austrian Ironman in Klagenfurt. Getting the excuses in early, training had not gone well due to illness and poor weather. An 8-week respiratory viral infection made me wheezy and fatigued up to a fortnight before the event. I also had shingles and liver failure due to antibiotics (Russman et al., &lt;span&gt;2005&lt;/span&gt;) for a staphylococcus infection acquired from a penetrating leg injury when falling out of a tree (don't ask). I also required iron supplementation (any old iron, supplementation). Received wisdom (IM Austria course preview and hints) is that you should swim and cycle full distance at least once during training, but you only need to run about 30 km to reduce impact. I had only managed eight cycles, one over 100 km (130 km). My mantra for training as you get older is to, ‘learn to listen to your body and know when it is lying’. It is probably best to decide about a training session 10 min into it, when you have escaped the central fatigue (Newsholme &amp; Blomstrand, &lt;span&gt;2006&lt;/span&gt;) induced by being stuck behind a computer before exercising.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;After checking into transition, it is off to the start to change into a wetsuit. Before the event, there was some debate about whether or not the swim would be a wetsuit swim; air temperature was predicted to be 27°C, water temperature 23°C. This was a worry because you produce a lot of heat in an Ironman, with elite athletes averaging about 1100 W of heat production when cycling, and endurance athletes losing about 1 L of total body water per hour (Rogers et al., &lt;span&gt;1997&lt;/span&gt;). As little as 1–4% body mass loss due to dehydration can result in significant decrements in endurance performance, and dehydration has been reported to be the most common reason for medical assistance in the Hawaiian Ironman triathlon (Hiller, &lt;span&gt;1989&lt;/span&gt;), and dehydration and hyponatraemia (Noakes et al., &lt;span&gt;1985&lt;/span&gt;) become more common in races lasting longer than 7–8 h. Fear of dehydration results in some interesting compromises between fluid availability and expensive bike weight (Figure 1). The best performers tend to be able to tolerate dehydration and hyperthermia (Pugh et al., &lt;span&gt;196","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":"110 1","pages":"6-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11689122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142497641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ageing leads to selective type II myofibre deterioration and denervation independent of reinnervative capacity in human skeletal muscle","authors":"Oscar Horwath,&nbsp;Marcus Moberg,&nbsp;Sebastian Edman,&nbsp;Andrew Philp,&nbsp;William Apró","doi":"10.1113/EP092222","DOIUrl":"10.1113/EP092222","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Age-related loss of muscle mass and function is underpinned by changes at the myocellular level. However, our understanding of the aged muscle phenotype might be confounded by factors secondary to ageing per se, such as inactivity and adiposity. Here, using healthy, lean, recreationally active, older men, we investigated the impact of ageing on myocellular properties in skeletal muscle. Muscle biopsies were obtained from young men (22 ± 3 years, <i>n</i> = 10) and older men (69 ± 3 years, <i>n</i> = 11) matched for health status, activity level and body mass index. Immunofluorescence was used to assess myofibre composition, morphology (size and shape), capillarization, the content of satellite cells and myonuclei, the spatial relationship between satellite cells and capillaries, denervation and myofibre grouping. Compared with young muscle, aged muscle contained 53% more type I myofibres, in addition to smaller (−32%) and misshapen (3%) type II myofibres (<i>P </i>&lt; 0.05). Aged muscle manifested fewer capillaries (−29%) and satellite cells (−38%) surrounding type II myofibres (<i>P </i>&lt; 0.05); however, the spatial relationship between these two remained intact. The proportion of denervated myofibres was ∼2.6-fold higher in old than young muscle (<i>P </i>&lt; 0.05). Aged muscle had more grouped type I myofibres (∼18-fold), primarily driven by increased size of existing groups rather than increased group frequency (<i>P </i>&lt; 0.05). Aged muscle displayed selective deterioration of type II myofibres alongside increased denervation and myofibre grouping. These data are key to understanding the cellular basis of age-related muscle decline and reveal a pressing need to fine-tune strategies to preserve type II myofibres and innervation status in ageing populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":"110 2","pages":"277-292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11782179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142521384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From discovery to innovation in physiological research.","authors":"Morten Zacho","doi":"10.1113/EP092125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092125","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142521385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxygen uptake slow component: Enigma of the ‘excess’ oxygen used during heavy and severe exercise","authors":"David C. Poole,&nbsp;Glenn A. Gaesser","doi":"10.1113/EP092326","DOIUrl":"10.1113/EP092326","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In the 1980s, foundational physiology and exercise physiology texts considered that oxygen uptake (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;̇&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;${{dot{V}}_{{{{mathrm{O}}}_2}}}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) increased as a linear function of work rate (WR) on the cycle ergometer. Whereas this was true up to the maximum &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;̇&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;${{dot{V}}_{{{{mathrm{O}}}_2}}}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;̇&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;max&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;${{dot{V}}_{{{{mathrm{O}}}_2}{mathrm{max}}}}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) for incremental exercise where WR was increased by 25 W or so per minute, for constant WR heavy- (i.e., &gt;lactate threshold, LT) or severe- (&gt;critical power, CP) intensity exercise there was an ‘excess’ &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;̇&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;${{dot{V}}_{{{{mathrm{O}}}_2}}}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; that manifested after the fast kinetics associated with the WR transition (Gaesser &amp; Poole, &lt;span&gt;1996&lt;/span&gt;). This excess &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;̇&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;${{dot{V}}_{{{{mathrm{O}}}_2}}}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; be","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":"110 1","pages":"13-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11689364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142521386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extreme heat stress in older adults: A punch to the gut, kidneys or more?","authors":"Christopher L. Chapman,&nbsp;Zachary J. Schlader","doi":"10.1113/EP092340","DOIUrl":"10.1113/EP092340","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Older adults aged ≥65 years exposed to heat waves are particularly vulnerable to heat injury, which is characterized by hyperthermia (i.e., increased core temperature) and evidence of end-organ damage (e.g., kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, liver) in the absence of heat stroke. While heat illness exists on a continuum, ranging from heat exhaustion to heat stroke, heat injury is a form of heat illness of moderate-to-high severity that is less recognized despite strong epidemiological evidence of its adverse health effects. For example, the top causes of hospitalizations in older adults during heat waves are related to the kidneys (acute kidney injury (AKI) and fluid and electrolyte disturbances) (Chapman et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;), indicating that heat injury is an important public health concern.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The pathophysiology of heat injury is complex and integrated, likely stemming from hyperthermia-induced reductions in blood flow to the splanchnic vascular beds causing ischaemia, oxidative stress and gastrointestinal hyperpermeability (Meade et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). Surprisingly, however, there are few experimental studies in humans that have directly examined how older age modifies heat injury risk, specifically with end-organ damage outcomes, during heat stress. For example, McKenna, Atkins, Foster, et al. (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) recently found that older adults had greater reductions in kidney function, indicative of AKI, compared to young adults (18–39 years) when exposed to a hot-dry environment (47°C and 15% relative humidity) for 3 h. The older adults were more hyperthermic in this study. Thus, the primary role of older age for a given level of hyperthermia in end-organ responses could not be determined.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this issue of &lt;i&gt;Experimental Physiology&lt;/i&gt;, McKenna, Atkins, Wallace, et al. (&lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;) addressed these limitations and provided further insight into the gastrointestinal and renal responses during heat stress when the magnitude of hyperthermia was matched between older and young adults. In nine older and nine young adults, the researchers used a water-perfused suit model of controlled hyperthermia (circulating 50°C water) combined with cycling exercise at 20 W to mimic activities of daily living and control the magnitude of core and skin temperature increase until participants reached thermal tolerance. This methodological approach was a strength as it permitted assessments at the same level of hyperthermia in both age groups. The authors observed that small intestinal permeability increased in both groups and resulted in a mild inflammatory response. Moreover, older adults had higher gastroduodenal permeability compared to young adults. Reductions in kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate) did not differ between groups, while increases in pre-injury phase urinary AKI biomarkers (insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-7 (IGFBP7) × tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2)) were not different","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":"110 1","pages":"11-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11689117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142497644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune system benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.","authors":"Asghar Abbasi, David Wang, William W Stringer, Richard Casaburi, Harry B Rossiter","doi":"10.1113/EP091678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP091678","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory disease characterized by pulmonary and systemic inflammation. Inflammatory mediators show relationships with shortness of breath, exercise intolerance and health related quality of life. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), a comprehensive education and exercise training programme, is the most effective therapy for COPD and is associated with reduced exacerbation and hospitalization rates and increased survival. Exercise training, the primary physiological intervention within PR, is known to exert a beneficial anti-inflammatory effect in health and chronic diseases. The question of this review article is whether exercise training can also make such a beneficial anti-inflammatory effect in COPD. Experimental studies using smoke exposure mice models suggest that the response of the immune system to exercise training is favourably anti-inflammatory. However, the evidence about the response of most known inflammatory mediators (C-reactive protein, tumour necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, interleukin 10) to exercise training in COPD patients is inconsistent, making it difficult to conclude whether regular exercise training has an anti-inflammatory effect in COPD. It is also unclear whether COPD patients with more persistent inflammation are a subgroup that would benefit more from hypothesized immunomodulatory effects of exercise training (i.e., personalized treatment). Nevertheless, it seems that PR combined with maintenance exercise training (i.e., lifestyle change) might be more beneficial in controlling inflammation and slowing disease progress in COPD patients, specifically in those with early stages of disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142497645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of prolonged sitting on dynamic cerebral autoregulation in the anterior and posterior cerebral circulations","authors":"Shotaro Saito,&nbsp;Hayato Tsukamoto,&nbsp;Marino Karaki,&nbsp;Narumi Kunimatsu,&nbsp;Shigehiko Ogoh","doi":"10.1113/EP092178","DOIUrl":"10.1113/EP092178","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Individuals who experience prolonged sitting daily are reported to be at risk of developing cerebrovascular disease, which is associated, in part, with attenuation in cerebral blood flow regulation. However, the effect of prolonged sitting on dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA), a crucial mechanism of cerebral blood flow regulation, remains unclear. Additionally, cerebrovascular disease occurs heterogeneously within cerebral arteries. The purpose of the present study was to examine the hypothesis that prolonged sitting attenuates dCA in the cerebral circulation heterogeneously. Twelve young, healthy participants were instructed to maintain a seated position for 4 h without moving their lower limbs. Mean arterial pressure and mean blood velocities of the middle cerebral artery (MCA <i>V</i>_m) and the posterior cerebral artery (PCA <i>V</i>_m) were measured continuously throughout the experiment. The dCA was assessed using transfer function analysis (TFA) with mean arterial pressure and either MCA <i>V</i>_m or PCA <i>V</i>_m. In the MCA, very low-frequency TFA-normalized gain decreased significantly during 4 h of prolonged sitting (<i>P</i> = 0.029), indicating an improvement rather than attenuation in dCA, despite a significant reduction in MCA <i>V</i>_m after 4 h of continuous sitting (<i>P</i> = 0.039). In the PCA, PCA <i>V</i>_m remained stable throughout the 4 h sitting period (<i>P</i> = 0.923), and all TFA parameters remained unchanged throughout the 4 h of sitting. Contrary to our hypothesis, these results suggest that the dCA in both the MCA and the PCA was well stabilized in healthy young individuals during acute prolonged sitting.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":"110 1","pages":"68-78"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11689123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142497643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autonomic control of the pulmonary circulation: Implications for pulmonary hypertension","authors":"Michael J. Plunkett,&nbsp;Julian F. R. Paton,&nbsp;James P. Fisher","doi":"10.1113/EP092249","DOIUrl":"10.1113/EP092249","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The autonomic regulation of the pulmonary vasculature has been under-appreciated despite the presence of sympathetic and parasympathetic neural innervation and adrenergic and cholinergic receptors on pulmonary vessels. Recent clinical trials targeting this innervation have demonstrated promising effects in pulmonary hypertension, and in this context of reignited interest, we review autonomic pulmonary vascular regulation, its integration with other pulmonary vascular regulatory mechanisms, systemic homeostatic reflexes and their clinical relevance in pulmonary hypertension. The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems can affect pulmonary vascular tone and pulmonary vascular stiffness. Local afferents in the pulmonary vasculature are activated by elevations in pressure and distension and lead to distinct pulmonary baroreflex responses, including pulmonary vasoconstriction, increased sympathetic outflow, systemic vasoconstriction and increased respiratory drive. Autonomic pulmonary vascular control interacts with, and potentially makes a functional contribution to, systemic homeostatic reflexes, such as the arterial baroreflex. New experimental therapeutic applications, including pulmonary artery denervation, pharmacological cholinergic potentiation, vagal nerve stimulation and carotid baroreflex stimulation, have shown some promise in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":"110 1","pages":"42-57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11689128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142497642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mexican Hispanics show significant improvement in lung function approximately 1 year after having severe COVID-19","authors":"Arturo Cortes-Telles,&nbsp;Luis Alberto Solís-Díaz,&nbsp;Heidegger Mateos-Toledo,&nbsp;Jordan A. Guenette,&nbsp;Gerald Stanley Zavorsky","doi":"10.1113/EP091934","DOIUrl":"10.1113/EP091934","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The long-term effects of COVID-19 on lung function are not understood, especially for periods extending beyond 1 year after infection. This observational, longitudinal study investigated lung function in Mexican Hispanics who experienced severe COVID-19, focusing on how the length of recovery affects lung function improvements. At a specialized COVID-19 follow-up clinic in Yucatan, Mexico, lung function and symptoms were assessed in patients who had recovered from severe COVID-19. We used <i>z</i>-scores, and Wilcoxon's signed rank test to analyse changes in lung function over time. Lung function was measured twice in 82 patients: the first and second measurements were taken a median of 94 and 362 days after COVID-19 diagnosis, respectively. Initially, 61% of patients exhibited at least one of several pulmonary function abnormalities (lower limit of normal = –1.645), which decreased to 22% of patients by 390 days post-recovery. Considering day-to-day variability in lung function, 68% of patients showed improvement by the final visit, while 30% had unchanged lung function from the initial assessment. Computed tomography (CT) scans revealed ground-glass opacities in 33% of patients. One year after infection, diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide <i>z</i>-scores accounted for 30% of the variation in CT fibrosis scores. There was no significant correlation between the length of recovery and improvement in lung function based on <i>z</i>-scores. In conclusion, 22% of patients who recovered from severe COVID-19 continued to show at least one lung function abnormality 1 year after recovery, indicating a prolonged impact of COVID-19 on lung health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":"109 12","pages":"2147-2157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1113/EP091934","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142497646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}