Experimental Physiology最新文献

{"title":"What we talk about when we talk about reliability: Comment on 'Intra- and inter-session reliability and repeatability of ¹H magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining total creatine concentrations in multiple brain regions' by Pratt et al.","authors":"Rie Skovly Thomsen, Milan Mohammad, Ronan M G Berg, Jacob Peter Hartmann, Markus Harboe Olsen","doi":"10.1113/EP092746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092746","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144063009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between salivary and blood hormone concentrations using an automated electrochemiluminescence immunoassay technique: Challenges and pitfalls.","authors":"Natalie J Hardaker, Patria A Hume, Stacy T Sims, Tom Stewart, Doug A King","doi":"10.1113/EP092542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blood-based measures are considered the gold standard for evaluating steroid hormone concentrations, particularly for confirmation of hormone profiles in female-specific research. However, saliva sampling offers several advantages: it can be collected independently by participants, is less invasive and might be a more time- and cost-effective solution. This preliminary study explored associations between salivary and blood plasma hormone (oestrogen, progesterone and cortisol) concentrations using an automated electrochemiluminescence immunoassay technique. Eight healthy, physically active females with a regular natural menstrual cycle provided: (1) daily app-based menstrual tracking data; (2) daily saliva samples; and (3) two blood samples, each at different time points in the third to fifth menstrual cycle estimated using the backward calculation method. Associations between saliva and blood hormone concentrations were analysed using repeated-measures correlations. Progesterone and oestrogen showed positive associations between blood plasma and salivary measures; (r_m= 0.996, p < 0.0001 and r_m= 0.705, p = 0.0507, respectively). Weak non-significant associations for cortisol (r_m= 0.245, p = 0.526) were found. With further work to validate the assay and develop salivary reference ranges, the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay technique might be feasible for use in quantitative determination of progesterone and oestrogen in saliva and have application in research for within-participant monitoring of changes over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protein-based perioperative nutrition interventions for improving muscle mass and functional outcomes following orthopaedic surgery.","authors":"Oliver C Witard, Alix K Hughes, Paul T Morgan, Mads Larsen, Phillip J J Herrod, Bethan E Phillips, Jugdeep Dhesi","doi":"10.1113/EP092237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This narrative review provides an overview of protein-based perioperative nutrition interventions for improving muscle mass and functional outcomes in patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery. Globally, the number of joint replacement procedures continues to rise annually, with beneficial outcomes in terms of pain relief and quality of life. However, orthopaedic surgery is associated with a transient decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength and function, with resulting impact on balance and posture, mobility and an increased risk of falls during the perioperative period. Perioperative nutrition interventions targeted at mitigating muscle atrophy, strength loss and reduced function in response to orthopaedic surgery have primarily focused on essential amino acid and protein supplementation. Promising results have been observed in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty, total hip replacement, surgical treatment of hip fracture and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Preliminary evidence also suggests a role for perioperative β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate supplementation in improving muscle mass and function outcomes following orthopaedic surgery. However, translation of findings from experimental studies into clinical practice is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Membrane progesterone and oestrogen receptors modulate GABAergic transmission in the prefrontal cortex of prepubertal male, but not female, mice","authors":"Aitana Vázquez-Sola,&nbsp;Hortensia Torres-Torrelo,&nbsp;Josué García Yagüe","doi":"10.1113/EP092439","DOIUrl":"10.1113/EP092439","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The sex hormones progesterone (P) and oestrogen (E) reorganize GABAergic transmission in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during the transition from childhood to adolescence, generating a new excitatory–inhibitory balance necessary for the computational capacity of the mature PFC. Little is known, however, about the hormone receptors involved or whether there are sex differences in the modulation of GABAergic transmission they exert. We hypothesize that P and E can rapidly (within minutes) modulate GABAergic currents through G protein-coupled receptors, namely membrane P receptors (mPRs) and the G protein-coupled E receptor (GPER), respectively, in PFC. First, we quantified the expression of P and E receptors in PFC using quantitative RT-PCR. Secondly, we recorded synaptic (phasic) and extrasynaptic (tonic) GABAergic currents in basal conditions and in response to the activation of mPRs and GPER using patch-clamp recordings in PFC neurons of prepubertal female and male mice. Expression levels of mPRs differed in the PFC of females and males, but no differences were found in the basal levels of phasic or tonic GABAergic currents between sexes. Interestingly, selective activation of mPRs increased tonic GABAergic transmission in males but not in females, and activation of GPER increased phasic GABAergic transmission only in males. We also demonstrated that GABAergic modulation exerted by mPRs and GPER was dependent on protein kinase A and C. This study sheds light on new mechanisms by which P and E can rapidly modulate GABAergic transmission in PFC neurons through the activation of mPRs and GPER.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":"110 6","pages":"888-898"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1113/EP092439","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated cortisol concentration in preterm sheep fetuses impacts heart development.","authors":"Reza Amanollahi, Stacey L Holman, Melanie R Bertossa, Ashley S Meakin, Vicki L Clifton, Kent L Thornburg, I Caroline McMillen, Michael D Wiese, Mitchell C Lock, Janna L Morrison","doi":"10.1113/EP092506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prepartum rise in cortisol promotes cardiac development and maturation. Here, we investigated the impact of elevated circulating cortisol during mid-late gestation on cardiac growth and metabolism in fetal sheep. Saline or cortisol (2-3 mg in 4.4 mL/24 h) was infused into the fetal jugular vein from 109 to 116 days gestation (dG, term = 150 dG), and fetal heart tissue was collected at 116 dG. Glucocorticoid concentrations, gene and protein expression were measured in fetal left ventricle (LV) tissue. Intrafetal cortisol infusion increased cardiac cortisol concentration but downregulated the protein abundance of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) isoforms (GRα-A, GR-P, GR-A, GRα-D2 and GRα-D3). The gene and protein expression of markers of cardiac hyperplastic growth (IGF1, IGF-1R, TGFβ and AGT) were downregulated, while a protein marker of DNA replication (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) was upregulated by cortisol infusion. Cardiac protein and/or gene expression of complex I of the electron transport chain, SOD2, GLUT-4 (gene and protein), and phosphorylated IRS-1, were upregulated in response to elevated fetal cortisol concentration. Intrafetal cortisol infusion downregulated gene expression of PDK4, which mediates the metabolic switch from glucose to fatty acid metabolism. Cardiac expression of molecular markers involved in cardiovascular protection (SIRT-1, HO1, LAMP1 and SK1) were also downregulated in the cortisol group. In conclusion, these findings suggest that chronic cortisol exposure in preterm fetuses alters heart development, promoting cardiac maturation and potentially increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease later in life if these changes persist into adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative and O₂ diffusive function in triceps brachii of recreational to world class swimmers.","authors":"Simone Villanova, Elisa Pastorio, Andrea M Pilotto, Alessio Marciano, Valentina Quaresima, Alessandra Adami, Harry B Rossiter, Daniele A Cardinale, Simone Porcelli","doi":"10.1113/EP092299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate in vivo oxidative capacity and relative resistance to O₂ diffusion using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in the m. triceps brachii of recreational to world class swimmers and evaluate their relationships with swimming performance. Twenty-eight swimmers were enrolled and assigned into three subgroups according to their level: 'recreational/trained' (Tier 1/2; n = 8), 'national' (Tier 3; n = 12) and 'international/world class' (Tier 4/5; n = 8). Performance was evaluated by 100 m freestyle trials. Training volume was measured by self-reported distance (km/week). The <math> <semantics><mrow><mi>m</mi> <msub><mover><mi>V</mi> <mo>̇</mo></mover> <msub><mi>O</mi> <mn>2</mn></msub> </msub> </mrow> <annotation>${mathrm{m}}{{dot{V}}_{{{{mathrm{O}}}_{mathrm{2}}}}}$</annotation></semantics> </math> recovery k of m. triceps brachii was non-invasively estimated by NIRS through repeated intermittent occlusions under two conditions: well-oxygenated (k_HIGH) and low O₂ availability (k_LOW). The difference between k_HIGH and k_LOW (Δk) was calculated as an index of relative resistance to O₂ diffusion. FINA points and 100 m performance differed among all groups. Training volume was greater in Tier 4/5 (34.0 ± 5.5 km week^-1) and Tier 3 (35.5 ± 11.6 km week^-1) than in Tier 1/2 (6.4 ± 1.8 km week^-1). k_HIGH was greater in Tier 4/5 and Tier 3 (3.18 ± 0.41 and 2.79 ± 0.40 min^-1) versus Tier 1/2 (2.10 ± 0.36 min^-1; all P < 0.002). k_HIGH correlated with FINA points, 100 m performance and training volume. ∆k was not different among tiers and was not associated with training volume or performance. M. triceps brachii oxidative capacity (k_HIGH) was positively associated with performance and training volume in swimmers. ∆k, which reflects relative resistance to O₂ diffusion, was not different among athletes. These data suggest that m. triceps brachii oxidative capacity is associated with swimming performance and that muscle O₂ diffusing capacity exerts a similar relative resistance to O₂ diffusive flow across swimmers.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143994465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myocellular adaptations to short-term weighted wheel-running exercise are largely conserved during C26-tumour induction in male and female mice.","authors":"Stavroula Tsitkanou, Pieter Koopmans, Calvin Peterson, Ana Regina Cabrera, Ruqaiza Muhyudin, Francielly Morena, Sabin Khadgi, Eleanor R Schrems, Tyrone A Washington, Kevin A Murach, Nicholas P Greene","doi":"10.1113/EP092504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated whether performing a translatable murine model of concurrent training after tumour induction affects adaptations in juvenile male and female tumour-bearing mice. Male and female Balb/c mice were injected bilaterally with colon-26 adenocarcinoma (C26) cells or PBS at 8 weeks of age. Half the mice then performed 24 days of voluntary wheel running with progressively increased load (PoWeR training), whereas the rest remained sedentary. Deuterium oxide-based protein synthesis, muscle fibre-type composition and size, protein turnover and mitochondrial markers were assessed 25 days after tumour induction. Average gastrocnemius muscle fibre size was smaller with PoWeR regardless of tumour in males and females, concomitant with a pronounced faster-to-slower fibre-type transition. In male tumour-bearing mice, PoWeR training resulted in greater Redd1, Murf1 and Pgc1α mRNA content than all the other groups, along with lower overall running volume, food consumption and protein synthesis relative to control animals. Molecular measures followed a similar pattern in tumour-bearing female mice with PoWeR, but food consumption, running volume and muscle protein synthesis were maintained. PoWeR training lowered gonadal fat during cancer cachexia in both sexes, and greater heart weight was observed regardless of tumour presence. A negative correlation was found between tumour weight and running distance. Collectively, PoWeR has a similar effect on muscle cellular phenotype in both sexes regardless of tumour presence, and a training effect in male mice with cancer cachexia was present despite molecular and protein synthesis dysregulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating muscle protein synthesis using deuterium oxide: The impact of dietary protein interventions across the lifespan","authors":"Matthew S. Brook","doi":"10.1113/EP092016","DOIUrl":"10.1113/EP092016","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This review highlights recent advancements in our understanding of muscle protein synthesis (MPS) across the lifespan, with a focus on dietary protein strategies to support muscle health. Given that skeletal muscle is crucial for whole-body metabolism, movement and independence, maintaining muscle mass throughout life is essential. However, the gradual decline in muscle mass and strength with age, known as sarcopenia, represents a significant health concern. Muscle mass is regulated by the balance of MPS and muscle protein breakdown, with dietary protein intake playing a central role in stimulating MPS and maintaining a positive protein balance. Much of our current understanding of protein intake, specifically its quantity, quality and distribution, comes from stable isotope-labelled amino acid methods. These techniques, however, are limited by time constraints and controlled settings, providing only brief snapshots of MPS dynamics. The use of deuterium oxide (D₂O) has provided new insights, enabling long-term measures of muscle protein metabolism in free-living conditions. Measurements of longer-term MPS using D₂O suggest that older adults might benefit from protein intakes of &gt;1.2 g/kg/day to enhance MPS. Additionally, replacing protein in the diet with higher-quality sources or enriching lower protein intakes with leucine can further increase MPS. Nevertheless, discrepancies remain regarding optimal protein requirements and the long-term efficacy of supplementing with enriched suboptimal protein doses. The continued application of D₂O in dietary protein research has the potential to provide further insights into the prolonged effects of various protein strategies on muscle preservation across the lifespan.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":"110 7","pages":"949-960"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1113/EP092016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144005183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrigenomic insights and cardiovascular benefits of blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius Schott.) and mugwort (Artemisia campestris L.).","authors":"Afaf Mehiou, Anca Lucau-Danila, Zachee L E Akissi, Chaimae Alla, Nourelhouda Bouanani, Abdelkhaleq Legssyer, Jean-Louis Hilbert, Sevser Sahpaz, Abderrahim Ziyyat","doi":"10.1113/EP092218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius Schott) and mugwort (Artemisia campestris L.) are plants traditionally used to treat various pathologies, including hypertension. The vasodilatory and hypotensive effects of blackberry were investigated through experiments in rat models (n = 5 rats per group) and compared with those of mugwort, which had been demonstrated previously. A nutrigenomic experiment in mouse models (n = 3 mice per group) was also performed for both plants to associate biomarker genes with these effects. Additionally, a phytochemical analysis was carried out to identify the bioactive molecules responsible for the cardiovascular effects. A dose-dependent hypotensive effect and a carbachol-like vasodilatory effect were observed for blackberry and compared with those of mugwort. These effects were associated with the deregulation of gene expression related to vessel lumen expansion (Amotl2, Cdh1 and Tfcp2l1) and circulatory system morphology and activity (Dsp, Ahnak, Prcp and Smtnl2) for both plants. Their functional potential also includes antiproliferative, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and appetite-regulating properties. Chlorogenic acids, quercetin and kaempferol derivatives were identified in blackberry as the main bioactive molecules likely to be responsible for its cardiovascular effect. The blackberry extract exhibited a vasorelaxant effect 20 times greater than mugwort, attributed to the exclusive presence of the hypotensive galloyl-bis-HHDP glucose derivative and a more pronounced upregulation of Tfcp2l1, which is involved in epithelial cell maturation. This study validates the traditional use of blackberry and mugwort in treatment of hypertension, identifies marker genes and bioactive molecules for vasodilatory and hypotensive effects and expands their potential applications to cancer prevention, inflammation reduction and appetite regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blue plaque review series: Dr. Florence Buchanan: A trailblazing physiologist in an era of barriers and breakthroughs.","authors":"Brian C Clark","doi":"10.1113/EP092228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>What do Charles Darwin, T.H. Huxley, August Krogh and Charles Sherrington have in common? Florence Buchanan - a name history has unjustly dimmed but never erased. Her academic lineage is a direct thread through the titans of biology: E. Ray Lankester mentored her after being shaped by Huxley, Darwin's celebrated protégé. Buchanan's early career flourished under the mentorship of John Scott Burdon-Sanderson, but it was as an independent scientist that she collaborated with Nobel laureates Krogh and Sherrington, cementing her place among the greatest physiologists of her era. While accolades marked her career - a doctor of science, prestigious fellowships and groundbreaking publications - her path was anything but easy. As the first woman to attend meetings of The Physiological Society, she broke barriers but faced systemic exclusions, barred from The Society's dinners where scientific relationships were forged. Buchanan's meticulous experiments revealed muscles' intrinsic electrical rhythms and reshaped how physiology understands the neural control of the heart. Though her contributions were celebrated in her time, they were often overshadowed by her male colleagues. Who was this trailblazer whose scientific rigor and resilience quietly shaped modern physiology?</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}