Experimental Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Physiology of lived experience: 25 years of military load carriage.","authors":"Christopher A J Vine, Nicholas Schofield","doi":"10.1113/EP092409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092409","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the editor on exercise and immune competence: using pre-clinical findings to inform the design of clinical studies.","authors":"Amit Hagar","doi":"10.1113/EP092745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092745","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic allometric scaling of near basal breathing frequency in terrestrial, semi-aquatic and aquatic mammals.","authors":"Andreas Fahlman, Elliot Stielstra, Ethan Wilstermann, Simon Rylaarsdam, Josefin Larsson, Guillermo J Sanchez-Contreras, Suguru Higa, Gonçalo N Marques, Malgosia Kaczmarska, Jason Somarelli, Stacy L DeRuiter","doi":"10.1113/EP091868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP091868","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We measured the BASAL breathing frequency following an overnight fast in adult, non-pregnant/non-lactating, inactive mammals ranging in body mass from 15 to 5520 kg. The data included results from 338 individual animals from 34 species that were divided into terrestrial, semi-aquatic (Otariidae and Phocidae) and aquatic mammals. Following attempts to limit the collection of breathing frequency using a basal definition and to correct the analysis phylogenetically, our results suggest that there are differences in the allometric mass-exponent between terrestrial and aquatic/semi-aquatic mammals. An allometric regression model, whereby both body mass and breathing frequency were transformed using log₁₀, suggested that the allometric mass exponent for terrestrial mammals (-0.303) was different from both aquatic mammals (-0.124) and semi-aquatic mammals (-0.091). For semi-aquatic mammals, the breathing frequency was lower in water, but we detected no association between the breathing frequency and the temperature of the medium (water or air). We propose that allometric studies of cardiorespiratory function should, if possible, adhere to the basal definition during data collection, similar to that used for metabolic rate. Such data will provide valuable information for comparative medicine of large species that are difficult to study, for which controlled baseline data might be difficult to obtain.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise promotes cognition and hippocampal mitochondrial complex II expression in female rats.","authors":"Zachary J White, Keshari H Sudasinghe, David C Poole, Stephanie E Hall","doi":"10.1113/EP092533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence supports that exercise defends against age-associated declines in brain health and protects against neurodegenerative disease. To help understand the molecular basis for the neuroprotection, we examined the impact of training on mitochondrial protein expression within the exercise-brain axis. Thirty-two F344 rats (50% male/female) were assigned randomly to 10-week treadmill training or sedentary groups. Grip strength, Morris water maze and rotarod were used to assess muscular strength, spatial learning and motor coordination, respectively. Jess automated western blotting was used to quantify mitochondrial complex expression in hippocampus and soleus skeletal muscle samples. Values are means and standard deviation. Exercised females had better spatial memory (9.16 ± 8.70 vs. 32.7 ± 22.7 s, P = 0.043) and motor coordination (69.0 ± 16.1 vs. 47.5 ± 15.6 s, P = 0.042) as well as increased soleus mass (0.043 ± 0.003 vs. 0.039 ± 0.002% body mass, P = 0.039), hippocampal mitochondrial complex II expression (1.96 ± 0.38 vs. 1.11 ± 0.33 a.u., P = 0.007), and soleus mitochondrial complex III expression (6.68 ± 1.40 vs. 4.65 ± 1.26 a.u., P = 0.025) in comparison to sedentary females. Cognitive performance and hippocampal metabolic enzyme expression were concordantly increased following the 10-week exercise intervention in females but not males. These results provide novel support for the putative involvement of cerebral mitochondrial function in the beneficial relationship between exercise and brain health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mechanotransduction protein STOML3 is required for proprioceptor plasticity following peripheral nerve regeneration.","authors":"Julia Haseleu, Jan Walcher, Gary R Lewin","doi":"10.1113/EP092428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nerve regeneration is associated with the plasticity of sensory neurons such that even muscle afferents directed to the skin form mechanosensitive receptive fields appropriate for the new target. STOML3 is an essential mechanotransduction component in many cutaneous mechanoreceptors. Here, we asked whether STOML3 is required for functional and anatomical plasticity following peripheral nerve regeneration. We used a cross-anastomosis model adapted to the mouse, in which the medial gastrocnemius nerve was redirected to innervate hairy skin previously occupied by the sural nerve. We recorded from muscle afferents innervating the skin and found that in wild-type mice their receptive properties were largely identical to normal skin mechanoreceptors. However, in mice lacking STOML3, muscle afferents largely failed to form functional mechanosensitive receptive fields, despite making anatomically appropriate endings in the skin. Our tracing experiments demonstrated that muscle afferents from both wild-type and stoml3 mutant mice display remarkable anatomical plasticity, forming new somatotopically appropriate synaptic terminals in the region of the dorsal horn representing the sural nerve territory. The dramatic reduction in stimulus-evoked activity from the cross-anastomosed gastrocnemius nerve in stoml3 mutant mice did not prevent central anatomical plasticity. Our results have identified a molecular factor required for functional plasticity following peripheral nerve injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on voluntary muscle activation and peripheral muscle contractility following short-term bed rest.","authors":"Sofie K Hansen, Pernille Hansen, Tania W Berry, Hans D Grønbæk, Camilla M Olsen, Youssif Merhi, Shweta Agarwala, Per Aagaard, Lars G Hvid, Jakob Agergaard, Flemming Dela, Charlotte Suetta","doi":"10.1113/EP092194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Disuse induces a disproportionate loss of muscle force compared with muscle mass, with unclear effects on voluntary muscle activation (VA) and peripheral contractility. Furthermore, the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) as a disuse countermeasure remains uncertain. We investigated the effects of NMES during bed rest on neuromechanical function to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying disuse-induced reductions in muscular force. Young (n = 16, 25 years old) and old (n = 16, 71 years old) adults underwent 5 days of bed rest. One leg received NMES (3 × 30 min/day), while the other served as the control (CON). Maximal isometric knee-extensor strength (MVIC), VA and peripheral muscle contractility were assessed before and after bed rest using the interpolated twitch technique, along with biomarkers of neuromuscular junction instability (C-terminal agrin fragment (CAF)) and muscle damage (creatine kinase (CK)). MVIC decreased in both age groups, regardless of NMES (young: CON, -21.7 Nm and NMES, -23.8 Nm; old: CON, -18.5 Nm and NMES, -16.4 Nm). VA was preserved with NMES, while decreasing in CON legs (young, -8.1%; old, -5.6%) following bed rest. Peripheral contractility (resting doublet twitch force) was reduced in CON and NMES legs in both age groups (young: CON, -4.0 Nm and NMES, -11.5 Nm; old: CON, -5.9 Nm and NMES, -10.8 Nm), with a greater decrease in NMES legs. CAF remained unchanged, whereas CK levels increased in young participants, albeit remaining within the normal range. In conclusion, a decline in neuromechanical function was observed after 5 days of bed rest in young and old adults. Although NMES appeared to preserve VA, peripheral muscle contractility was altered, resulting in reduced MVIC.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diverse perspectives on respiratory chemoreceptor interactions: Resuscitating an expired debate.","authors":"Nasimi A Guluzade, Daniel A Keir, Richard J A Wilson, Trevor A Day","doi":"10.1113/EP091689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP091689","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial transplantation combined with mitoquinone and melatonin: A survival strategy against myocardial reperfusion injury in aged rats","authors":"Behnaz Mokhtari,&nbsp;Mitra Delkhah,&nbsp;Reza Badalzadeh,&nbsp;Samad Ghaffari","doi":"10.1113/EP092292","DOIUrl":"10.1113/EP092292","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion (IR) injury poses a severe threat to cardiac health, particularly in the ageing population, where susceptibility to such damage is significantly heightened owing to age-related declines in mitochondrial function, thus highlighting mitochondria as crucial targets for innovative therapies. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined modality therapy involving mitochondrial transplantation and the mitochondrial boosters mitoquinone and melatonin to address myocardial IR injury in aged rats. A total of 54 male Wistar rats, aged 22–24 months, were randomly divided into groups that either received IR injury or not, and were subjected to various treatments, both individually and in combination. Myocardial IR injury was induced by temporarily blocking and reopening the left anterior descending coronary artery. Mitoquinone was given intraperitoneally for 14 days prior to ischaemia, while melatonin and isolated mitochondria were administered intraperitoneally and intramyocardially, respectively, at the onset of reperfusion. Finally, we evaluated changes in haemodynamic indices, creatine kinase-MB levels, mitochondrial function endpoints and the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis genes, including sirtuin 1 (<i>SIRT-1</i>), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (<i>PGC-1α</i>) and nuclear respiratory factor 2 (<i>NRF-2</i>). The triple therapy enhanced myocardial function, decreased creatine kinase-MB levels and improved mitochondrial function along with the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis genes in aged IR rats. This combined approach elicited significant cardioprotection in comparison to single or dual therapies. The triple therapy provided substantial cardioprotection in aged rat hearts by improving mitochondrial function and biogenesis through enhanced <i>SIRT-1</i>/<i>PGC-1α</i>/<i>NRF-2</i> profiles, suggesting a promising strategy for mitigating IR injury in elderly patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":"110 6","pages":"844-856"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1113/EP092292","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exertional heat stress and intestinal barrier injury: Does chronic disease add fuel to the fire?","authors":"Oliver R Gibson, Zachary J McKenna","doi":"10.1113/EP092759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092759","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle wasting in cancer cachexia: Mechanisms and the role of exercise.","authors":"Zoe P Libramento, Louisa Tichy, Traci L Parry","doi":"10.1113/EP092544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer cachexia (CC) is a multifactorial disease marked by a severe and progressive loss of lean muscle mass and characterized further by inflammation and a negative energy/protein balance, ultimately leading to muscle atrophy and loss of muscle tissue. As a result, patients experiencing cachexia have reduced muscle function and thus less independence and a lower quality of life. CC progresses through stages of increasing severity: pre-cachexia, cachexia and refractory cachexia. Two proposed underlying mechanisms that drive cancer-induced muscle wasting are the autophagy-lysosome and ubiquitin-proteasome systems. An increase in autophagic flux and proteolytic activity leads to atrophy of both cardiac and skeletal muscle, ultimately mediated by tumour or immune-secreted inflammatory cytokines. These pathways occur at a basal level to maintain cellular homeostasis; therefore, it is the overactivation of the pathways that leads to muscle atrophy. Recent evidence demonstrates the ability of aerobic and resistance training to restore these pathways to their basal levels. The mechanism is not yet understood, and more research is needed to determine exactly how exercise influences each pathway. However, exercise has great promise as a therapeutic strategy for CC because of the evidence for it preserving muscle mass and function, and attenuating protein degradative pathways. The extent to which exercise affects the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome systems is determined by the frequency, intensity and duration of the exercise protocol. As such, an ideal exercise prescription is lacking for individuals with CC.</p>","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}