Experimental Physiology最新文献_第2页

The effect of morning or evening fasted cycling on gastrointestinal function and appetite and metabolic responses in healthy males with overweight.

IF 2.6 4区医学

Experimental Physiology Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1113/EP092078

Victoria J McIver, Lewis R Mattin, Gethin H Evans, Adora M W Yau

{"title":"The effect of morning or evening fasted cycling on gastrointestinal function and appetite and metabolic responses in healthy males with overweight.","authors":"Victoria J McIver, Lewis R Mattin, Gethin H Evans, Adora M W Yau","doi":"10.1113/EP092078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092078","url":null,"abstract":"Combining fasting with exercise may influence gastric emptying rate (GER) and provide benefits to weight management and metabolic health. Furthermore, the time of day in which exercise is performed may also influence these variables. The aim was to investigate if fasting or fed exercise at different times of the day would alter GER, appetite and metabolic responses. Twelve males with overweight completed four experimental trials in a randomised crossover fashion involving cycling exercise in the morning fasted (FASTED-AM), evening fasted (FASTED-PM) and after a standardised meal in the morning (FED-AM) and evening (FED-PM). GER of a semi-solid meal was measured using the 13C-breath test for 2 h. Appetite hormones, metabolic markers and subjective appetite were measured throughout, with energy intake (EI) monitored for the following 24 h. No difference was observed for GER between trials. No differences were seen between trials for appetite hormone responses except pancreatic polypeptide hormone incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was greater in FED-PM compared to FASTED-AM and FASTED-PM (P < 0.05). Glucose concentrations were greater in the postprandial period of FASTED-PM compared to all trials (P < 0.05). No differences in other metabolic marker responses were seen between trials. GER in individuals with overweight was not sensitive to a diurnal variation following fasted or fed exercise, and an acute bout of fasted exercise did not evoke compensatory effects on appetite responses or 24 h EI. Glucose control may be impaired with FASTED-PM exercise. Future work is required to assess the long-term impact of fasted exercise on gastrointestinal function, appetite regulation and metabolic health.","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prolonged postnatal adaptation and enhanced prevalence of congenital heart diseases due to altitude may contribute to newborn mortality in Bolivia.

IF 2.6 4区医学

Experimental Physiology Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1113/EP092215

Alexandra Heath, Inge von Alvensleben, Jesús Ardiles Spielvogel, Pablo Freudenthal, Johannes Trapp, Ivanna Noya, Miguel Gálvez, Fanny Mendizábal, Mariana Gonzales, Ceylan Apaza, Leibniz Sanga, Erin Mc Cann, Colleen G Julian

{"title":"Prolonged postnatal adaptation and enhanced prevalence of congenital heart diseases due to altitude may contribute to newborn mortality in Bolivia.","authors":"Alexandra Heath, Inge von Alvensleben, Jesús Ardiles Spielvogel, Pablo Freudenthal, Johannes Trapp, Ivanna Noya, Miguel Gálvez, Fanny Mendizábal, Mariana Gonzales, Ceylan Apaza, Leibniz Sanga, Erin Mc Cann, Colleen G Julian","doi":"10.1113/EP092215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092215","url":null,"abstract":"Highland populations suffer from significant infant mortality due to chronic ambient hypoxia, which increases the risk of congenital heart disease (CHD) and neonatal pulmonary hypertension. Neither the prevalence of these conditions nor the effectiveness of neonatal cardiac screening to identify CHD or pulmonary hypertension among neonates born at altitudes >4000 m in Bolivia has been reported. In a study of 1033 newborns in El Alto, Bolivia (4510 m), we determined the prevalence of CHD and prolonged postnatal adaptation. We also tested the accuracy of a neonatal cardiac screening tool in identifying infants with/without these conditions. Finally, diagnoses were contrasted between offspring born to parents of lowland versus highland origin. CHD was found in 54 neonates (5.2%), with the most common diagnoses being patent ductus arteriosus and atrial septal defect. Pulmonary hypertension without CHD was observed in 64 neonates (6.8%), with seven cases of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). The neonatal cardiac screening tool showed a sensitivity of 45% and specificity of 99% for CHD, and 35% sensitivity and 92% specificity for prolonged pulmonary adaptation. Offspring of highland-origin women tended to have increased CHD risk, while those from lower altitudes were predisposed to prolonged postnatal adaptation and PPHN; paternal altitude of origin had no statistic significance but showed same tendency. The high prevalence of relevant CHD and prolonged pulmonary adaptation in neonates born >4000 m in Bolivia likely contributes to the high infant mortality rates observed. The poor sensitivity of the pilot neonatal cardiac screening instrument underscores the need to develop evidence-based tools optimized for use in low-resource, high-altitude settings.","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Blue plaque series: Mabel Purefoy FitzGerald (1872-1973).

IF 2.6 4区医学

Experimental Physiology Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1113/EP092275

Martha Tissot van Patot

引用次数: 0

Generation and modification of human locomotor EMG activity when walking faster and carrying additional weight.

IF 2.6 4区医学

Experimental Physiology Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1113/EP092063

Bridgette A P Damewood, Thomas Sinkjær, Aiko K Thompson

{"title":"Generation and modification of human locomotor EMG activity when walking faster and carrying additional weight.","authors":"Bridgette A P Damewood, Thomas Sinkjær, Aiko K Thompson","doi":"10.1113/EP092063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092063","url":null,"abstract":"In activities of daily living, people walk at different speeds with or without carrying additional loads. In this study, we sought to examine how human adults manage these commonly encountered additional demands during walking. We measured electromyography (EMG), triceps surae H-reflexes, joint motion and ground reaction forces (GRF) while participants walked at 1.0 m/s and 1.5 m/s with or without an additional 20.4 kg of weight (the equivalent of 23-36% bodyweight). Faster walking was accompanied by a universal increase in burst EMG amplitude across flexors and extensors of upper and lower leg muscles (with most notable increases found in the plantarflexors) while burst patterns of activity were maintained. In addition, the range of motion increased at the ankle, knee and hip joints, while the step cycle duration was shortened. In bearing additional weight, upper and lower leg extensor activity, especially early stance quadriceps activity, was increased while joint motion was minimally affected at the ankle and knee (but not hip). When walking faster and carrying additional weight, changes in locomotor EMG (except for plantarflexors) and knee and hip joint motion displayed combined features of those two additional demands; changes in plantarflexor activity and ankle joint motion were more complex. Locomotor H-reflexes were larger at 1.5 m/s than at 1.0 m/s only when carrying additional weight. In generating plantarflexor activity and controlling ankle joint motion for propulsive force generation when walking faster and carrying additional weight, multiple mechanisms of both spinal and supraspinal origin may be involved.","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pre-analytical pitfalls: How blood collection tubes influence exercise-induced cell-free DNA concentrations.

IF 2.6 4区医学

Experimental Physiology Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1113/EP092284

Kira Enders, Barlo Hillen, Nils Haller, Alexandra Brahmer, Vincent Weber, Perikles Simon, Elmo W I Neuberger

{"title":"Pre-analytical pitfalls: How blood collection tubes influence exercise-induced cell-free DNA concentrations.","authors":"Kira Enders, Barlo Hillen, Nils Haller, Alexandra Brahmer, Vincent Weber, Perikles Simon, Elmo W I Neuberger","doi":"10.1113/EP092284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092284","url":null,"abstract":"Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a promising biomarker for physiological stress, including exercise-induced responses. However, the lack of standardization in blood collection tubes (BCTs) for quantification of cfDNA hampers inter-study comparisons. In this study, we assessed the impact of different BCTs on exercise-induced cfDNA dynamics. Eleven participants [25 (SD 2.3) years of age] performed three different treadmill exercise protocols, including an all-out test and combinations of constant and interval load. Blood samples were collected before, 5 min and 30 min post-exercise using EDTA, lithium-heparin (LH) and serum BCTs. Concentrations of cfDNA were quantified using quantitative PCR. The cfDNA increased significantly across all protocols and BCTs. A significant effect of BCT on cfDNA concentrations (P = 0.034) was found, with serum showing higher concentrations than EDTA and LH. Although absolute differences from pre- to post-exercise were comparable across BCTs (P = 0.476), fold changes differed significantly (P = 0.012), with the highest observed in EDTA and the lowest in serum. Bland-Altman analyses demonstrated better agreement between EDTA and LH compared with serum. Significant correlations of cfDNA with energy expenditure and peak oxygen uptake were found. These correlations were stronger in EDTA and LH than in serum. Our findings highlight the crucial influence of BCT choice on cfDNA measurements in exercise settings. Given that EDTA and LH reflected exercise load better, they could be preferred for exercise physiology research. This work underscores the need to account for the choice of BCT to improve data comparability across studies. Additionally, these findings might have broader implications for clinical settings where cfDNA is used as a biomarker.","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond the horizon: Why space biology is the next great innovation opportunity.

IF 2.6 4区医学

Experimental Physiology Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1113/EP092651

Carina Kern, Keith Siew

引用次数: 0

Muscle fibre type shift in COPD: Adaptive, maladaptive or a bit of both?

IF 2.6 4区医学

Experimental Physiology Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1113/EP092126

Jacob Peter Hartmann, Hannah G Caldwell, Ulrik Winning Iepsen

引用次数: 0

The Bezold-Jarisch reflex: Hubris and (n)emesis in the clinical assessment of acute inferior wall myocardial infarction.

IF 2.6 4区医学

Experimental Physiology Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1113/EP092587

Ronan M G Berg, Reza Jabbari

引用次数: 0

Early life stress and hormonal status influence orexin-1 receptor expression in structures regulating cardiorespiratory responses to CO₂.

IF 2.6 4区医学

Experimental Physiology Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1113/EP092431

Stéphanie Fournier, Julie Plamondon, Denis Richard, Richard Kinkead

{"title":"Early life stress and hormonal status influence orexin-1 receptor expression in structures regulating cardiorespiratory responses to CO2.","authors":"Stéphanie Fournier, Julie Plamondon, Denis Richard, Richard Kinkead","doi":"10.1113/EP092431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092431","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive cardiorespiratory responses to CO2 are a hallmark of panic disorder (PD). Female sex and exposure to early life stress are risk factors for PD. Neonatal maternal separation (NMS; 3 h/day, postnatal days 3-12) augments the ventilatory response to CO2 by ∼35% relative to controls; this effect is most notable during pro-oestrus but is not observed in males. Orexin-1 receptor (OX1-R) antagonism attenuates the CO2 response of NMS females. In the limbic system, stress and ovarian hormones influence OX1-R expression, but the impact of these factors on OX1-Rs in regions regulating the cardiorespiratory responses to CO2 is unknown. Here, we hypothesised that ovarian hormones and NMS determine OX1-R expression in structures regulating the CO2 response; we used in situ hybridisation to quantify OX-1R mRNA expression in the brains of adult NMS and control rats. Brains were harvested from females that were either in pro-oestrus (high ovarian hormones) or 2 weeks post ovariectomy (OVX; low ovarian hormones); males were included for comparison. Hormonal status influenced the intensity of the OX1-R signal in the medial amygdala, raphe obscurus (RObs) and the A5 area, but the direction of the changes (increase vs. decrease) was structure-specific. Significant NMS × hormonal status interactions were noted in the dorsal raphe, the locus coeruleus, the nucleus of the solitary tract and the A5 area; the effects were structure-specific. As the dorsal raphe was the only structure in which the changes in OX1-R expression matched the sex-specific effect of NMS on the CO2 response, this structure likely contributes to respiratory manifestations of PD.","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unilateral electrical stimulation of mice induces transcriptional response in stimulated leg with limited effect on non-stimulated contralateral leg.

IF 2.6 4区医学

Experimental Physiology Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1113/EP092394

Takanaga Shirai, Kazuki Uemichi, Tohru Takemasa, Yu Kitaoka

{"title":"Unilateral electrical stimulation of mice induces transcriptional response in stimulated leg with limited effect on non-stimulated contralateral leg.","authors":"Takanaga Shirai, Kazuki Uemichi, Tohru Takemasa, Yu Kitaoka","doi":"10.1113/EP092394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/EP092394","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical stimulation is widely used to investigate localised muscle adaptations, with applications in both sports and rehabilitation. However, the systemic effects of electrical stimulation, particularly in the contralateral muscles that are not directly stimulated, are not well understood. This study investigated whether unilateral electrical stimulation induces transcriptional changes in both the electrically stimulated (ES) and non-stimulated (non-ES) contralateral legs, compared with the legs of sedentary control mice. RNA-sequence analysis revealed that 1320 and 55 genes were differentially expressed in the ES and non-ES, respectively, compared with controls using DEseq2 (false discovery rate cutoff = 0.05, minimal fold change = 1.5). Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses identified that the biological processes of immune response, muscle development, and response to stimuli were upregulated in the ES leg, while immune response and stress signalling were upregulated in the non-ES leg. Although the non-ES leg exhibited minimal transcriptional changes, Tbc1d1, which enhances glucose uptake, and Mss51, a regulator of mitochondrial function, were upregulated while Ddit4, a negative regulator of mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin signalling, and stress responsive protein Gadd45g were downregulated. These findings aid the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the cross-education effect and suggest that contralateral effects of electrical stimulation are limited, despite potential signalling across the legs.","PeriodicalId":12092,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0