Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology最新文献

{"title":"An evaluation of N-acetylcysteine in a sequential oxycodone and cocaine rat self-administration model.","authors":"Christa Corley, Kathleen R McNealy, Ashley M White, Haley McManus, Shailesh N Khatri, William W Stoops, Cassandra D Gipson","doi":"10.1037/pha0000855","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polysubstance use, particularly opioid-stimulant co-use, is a public health concern associated with higher overdose risk and poor treatment outcomes. Preclinical evidence suggests that oxycodone withdrawal increases cocaine consumption and disrupts nucleus accumbens glutamate homeostasis. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a cysteine prodrug that restores glutamate homeostasis, has shown preclinical promise in reducing drug seeking in single substance seeking models. However, no studies have evaluated the efficacy of NAC in reducing behavioral outcomes, including self-administration, following opioid-stimulant polysubstance use. Here, we evaluated NAC as a pharmacotherapeutic for oxycodone-cocaine sequential use using our previously established rat intravenous self-administration model, which utilized an A-B-A-B design. We previously found that rats increase cocaine consumption during oxycodone withdrawal. Thus, here, we tested if NAC could reduce this effect and reduce oxycodone self-administration. Male and female rats first underwent oxycodone or food self-administration acquisition, followed by cocaine self-administration in Phase 2. Rats were subsequently treated with NAC (100 mg/kg) or vehicle during Phase 3, where the reinforcer switched back to the one presented in Phase 1. In Phase 4, we assessed cocaine self-administration and somatic signs during an oxycodone-free period. NAC treatment did not alter oxycodone or cocaine consumption, response discrimination, or somatic signs during drug onboard and drug-free periods. Cocaine consumption was inversely associated with somatic signs at early but not more protracted timepoints independent of NAC treatment. While NAC did not attenuate cocaine or oxycodone intake-related behaviors in our sequential use model, these results underscore the need for expanded polysubstance use pharmacotherapeutic and model development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13155364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term lithium treatment modulates excitation/inhibition balance in resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) among survivors of medically severe suicide attempts.","authors":"Nicholas Murphy, Ynhi T Thomas, Ioana Murgulet, Krisha Shah, Julia Engelhardt, Nidal J Moukaddam, Thomas R Kosten, Sanjay J Mathew, Alan C Swann","doi":"10.1037/pha0000857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pha0000857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Short-term lithium treatment may reduce impulsivity and suicide risk by stabilizing cortical signaling in high-risk individuals. The present double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study enrolled survivors of medically severe suicide attempts and recorded 2-min eyes-open resting-state electroencephalography at baseline (drug-naïve), after 4 weeks of lithium carbonate, and after 4 weeks of placebo (<i>n</i> = 10 completers). Analysis focused on spectral power across traditional frequency bands (delta through gamma) and the aperiodic slope of the power spectrum, a marker of excitation/inhibition balance in cortical networks. Treatment with lithium significantly increased gamma-band power relative to both baseline and placebo and flattened the aperiodic slope compared to baseline (<i>p</i> < .001). Other frequency band changes (beta, alpha) showed drug effects in analysis of variance but lacked consistent post hoc support. The increase in gamma power and alteration in aperiodic slope suggest engagement of cortical network mechanisms consistent with restored excitation/inhibition balance and enhanced neural synchrony. These preliminary neurophysiological findings support the possibility that electroencephalography-based measures could serve as objective biomarkers for lithium's neural effects in individuals at high suicide risk and warrant further large-scale studies integrating behavior and neurochemistry. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acculturative stress and internalizing problems among Latinos who drink hazardously: The roles of distress tolerance and emotion dysregulation.","authors":"Emily L Mallin, Karina Silva, Dania Y Amarneh, Mallory R Cotton, Jessica Hernandez Ortiz, Erika S Trent, Michael J Zvolensky, Andres G Viana","doi":"10.1037/pha0000856","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although acculturative stress contributes significantly to internalizing problems among Latinos who drink hazardously, the individual difference variables that strengthen or weaken this relationship have remained elusive. To address this gap, we examined two cognitive-affective factors, namely, distress tolerance and emotion dysregulation, as candidate moderators. We expected that acculturative stress would be positively associated with internalizing problems (operationalized as anxious arousal, traumatic intrusions, and social anxiety) at lower levels of distress tolerance and/or higher levels of emotion dysregulation. A sample of Latinos who drink hazardously (<i>N</i> = 99) completed measures of acculturative stress, distress tolerance, emotion dysregulation, and internalizing symptoms. There was a significant Acculturative Stress × Distress Tolerance interaction explaining 5.02% and 4.19% of the variance in anxious arousal and traumatic intrusions, respectively. Acculturative stress was significantly positively associated with anxious arousal and traumatic intrusions only at lower levels of distress tolerance. There was also a significant Acculturative Stress × Emotion Dysregulation interaction explaining 7.46% of the variance in anxious arousal. Acculturative stress was significantly positively associated with anxious arousal only at higher levels of emotion dysregulation. Acculturative stress was associated with anxious arousal and traumatic intrusions among Latinos who drink hazardously with lower distress tolerance and/or higher emotion dysregulation. Enhancing distress tolerance and lowering emotion dysregulation may protect Latino individuals who engage in hazardous drinking and experience acculturative stress against internalizing problems, and these processes may serve as targets in future intervention programming. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13143340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147812828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Bifidobacterium longum 1714 on low mood and related symptoms: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","authors":"Kelly M Seamans, Elaine Patterson, Caterina Holz, David Groeger, Jouni Junnila, Fergus Collins, Eileen F Murphy, Katy Sorensen, Timothy G Dinan","doi":"10.1037/pha0000839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pha0000839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychobiotics have been suggested as an alternative or adjunctive intervention for depressive symptoms. <i>Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum</i>) 1714 has previously been shown to influence stress response and sleep quality. This double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigated whether <i>B. longum</i> 1714 (1 × 10¹⁰ colony-forming units/day) affects severity of depressive symptoms in 168 adults (aged 18-70) with mild to moderate depression over 8 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in Beck's Depression Inventory-II scores. Secondary outcomes included changes in sleep quality and mental wellness, measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Short Form Health Survey-36, Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale, Visual Analogue Scales for fatigue and energy, and the adapted Global Clinical Impression. Changes in Beck's Depression Inventory-II scores from baseline were not significantly different between intervention and placebo at Week 4 (-0.303, 95% CI [-1.957, 1.35]; <i>p</i> = .718) or Week 8 (-1.432, 95% CI [-3.30, 0.44]; <i>p</i> = .132). However, at Week 4, decreases in both Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index total score and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 were significantly greater in the intervention group compared with placebo with differences of -0.923 (95% CI [-1.62, -0.23]; <i>p</i> = .009) and -1.013 (95% CI [-2.00, -0.02]; <i>p</i> = .045), respectively, but no statistically significant differences were detected between the groups at Week 8. At Week 4, B. longum 1714 significantly improved subscores for Short Form Health Survey-36 (vitality, <i>p</i> = .038; mental health, <i>p</i> = .032; social role functioning, <i>p</i> = .033) compared with placebo, with vitality remaining significant at Week 8 (<i>p</i> = .042). Findings suggest that <i>B. longum</i> 1714 is safe and may exert fast-acting positive effects on various aspects of mood and mental wellness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147812954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tri-use of alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine in daily life among young adults: A day-level comparison of substance use outcomes to dual-use and alcohol-only use occasions.","authors":"Ashley N Linden-Carmichael, Jennifer L Shipley, Anna L Sherman, Amy L Stamates","doi":"10.1037/pha0000854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pha0000854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine use are common among young adults with many \"co-using\" substances on the same day. Most co-use research has focused on alcohol and cannabis co-use, but many alcohol + cannabis use days involve nicotine. Nicotine is rarely considered, and such \"tri-use\" (same-day alcohol + cannabis + nicotine use) may increase one's risk for heavy use and harms. The current daily diary study compared substance use outcomes across tri-use, dual use, and alcohol-only use days. Participants were 99 young adult college students (<i>M</i>_age = 20.28, <i>SD</i> = 1.29) who reported weekly alcohol + cannabis co-use and reported on substance use behavior each day across four consecutive weekends. Multilevel models examined the role of type of use day: tri-use (alcohol + cannabis + nicotine) and dual use (alcohol + nicotine or alcohol + cannabis) compared to alcohol-only use days on the outcomes of number of drinks consumed, odds of heavy episodic drinking (HED; 4-7/5-9 drinks in one day for females/males), odds of high-intensity drinking (HID; 8+/10+ drinks), and odds of experiencing negative substance-related consequences. Participants reported more alcohol and greater odds of HID on tri-use days than alcohol-only days. Participants had higher odds of HID on tri-use days than alcohol + cannabis days. Participants reported more drinks on alcohol + nicotine days than alcohol-only days. Consequences did not differ by type of use day. Findings support that young adults engage in heavier alcohol use on days when nicotine was co-used relative to days with alcohol + cannabis or alcohol-only use. Future studies should continue to consider the role of nicotine use when exploring risks of alcohol and cannabis co-use. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13134458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147813005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring risk tolerance among individuals who use opioids.","authors":"Sahana Lothumalla, Devin C Tomlinson, Maya Campbell, Mary Jannausch, Chelsea Wilkins, Nathan Menke, Maureen A Walton, Erin E Bonar, Jason Goldstick, Lewei A Lin, Lara N Coughlin","doi":"10.1037/pha0000844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pha0000844","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Higher overdose risk may be influenced by risk tolerance, which may influence risky behaviors for individuals who misuse opioids and/or stimulants. We investigate overdose-related risk tolerance in this population. Adults (18-75 years, <i>N</i> = 181) with past-month opioid misuse and phone access remotely completed a questionnaire on demographics, substance use, preferred opioid, and an overdose probabilistic discounting task (i.e., risk tolerance). Regression models compared opioid preferences (street vs. prescription) and/or costimulant use (vs. no use) on the outcome of risk tolerance. In the sample, 53% and 47% preferred to use/misuse street and prescription opioids, respectively. Overdose risk tolerance was significantly higher for individuals who use street opioids compared to individuals who use prescription opioids (p < .001). Risk tolerance was significantly higher among those who used fentanyl (area under the curve [AUC] <i>M</i> ± <i>SD</i> = 0.56 ± 0.23) compared to heroin (AUC <i>M</i> ± <i>SD</i> = 0.44 ± 0.24; <i>p</i> = .031), prescription opioids (AUC <i>M ± SD</i> = 0.24 ± 0.21; <i>p</i> = .032), and medication for opioid use disorder (AUC <i>M ± SD</i> = 0.38 ± 0.27; <i>p</i> = .004). Street opioids (<i>F</i> = 35.09, <i>p</i> < .0001) and stimulant use severity (<i>F</i> = 4.51, <i>p</i> = .035) were significantly associated with increased risk tolerance. Individuals who prefer fentanyl and those with high stimulant use severity show the highest overdose risk tolerance and should continue to be prioritized for interventions to reduce overdose risk. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13134685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147812932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory science methods can test the addictive properties of foods: A proof-of-concept pilot study.","authors":"Tera L Fazzino, Matthew S Stratton, Matthew Lange, Ashley N Gearhardt, Jennifer W Tidey","doi":"10.1037/pha0000818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pha0000818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyper-palatable foods (HPF) contain pairs of ingredients (e.g., fat and sodium) at thresholds not found in nature. The ingredient pairs in hyper-palatable foods are hypothesized to drive their reinforcing properties; however, this premise has not been tested using abuse liability assessment methodology. This proof-of-concept pilot used an acute dose-effects paradigm to evaluate the reinforcing effects of full-dose hyper-palatable foods (potato chips) versus negative control and modified-dose stimuli. This within-subjects, double-blind, crossover-design study was conducted with <i>N</i> = 20 participants in a laboratory setting. Food stimuli consisted of regular potato chips; a negative control low in fat, sodium, and carbohydrates (Jicama vegetable chip, baked); and modified-dose potato chips (either no fat or no sodium). In each of four sessions, participants completed an acute subjective effects test, a food purchase task to evaluate demand elasticity for each chip condition (sensitivity to escalating prices), and a self-administration task, which characterized break point, the highest level at which participants worked to self-administer chips with escalating response requirements. Full-dose chips were rated significantly higher on liking, wanting, craving, and willingness to eat again, versus negative control (<i>p</i> = .011-.0001). Participants exhibited lower demand elasticity for the full-dose chips (<i>p</i> < .0001), and higher break point (<i>p</i> < .0001), suggesting they valued full-dose chips more as reinforcers versus negative control. A similar pattern was observed for the modified-dose chips versus negative control, with smaller differences. Findings overall indicated dose-response effects across the stimuli, supporting the premise that abuse liability assessment methodology can be applied to test the addictive properties of hyper-palatable foods. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147813008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute effects of electronic nicotine delivery system liquid nicotine form and sweet enhancer among people who use inhaled tobacco products.","authors":"Mary A Carrico, Rabia Imran, Nicoleta Gaitan, Thokozeni Lipato, Alison Breland, Caroline O Cobb","doi":"10.1037/pha0000847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pha0000847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research on tobacco product standards to limit the abuse liability of electronic nicotine delivery systems has primarily focused on nicotine concentration and flavor profiles. Other liquid characteristics, such as protonated nicotine ratio and sweet enhancer additives, are less understood but may serve as regulatory targets. This clinical laboratory study examined the effects of electronic nicotine delivery system protonated nicotine ratio and the presence of a sweet enhancer on nicotine delivery, use behavior, and subjective effects. Thirteen participants completed four sessions that varied by protonated ratio (0:100 vs. 40:60 freebase to protonated nicotine) and sweet enhancer content (unsweetened vs. sweetened with ethyl maltol). Each session included a 10-puff directed use period and a 30-min ad libitum use period, followed by an own brand challenge. Measures included heart rate, subjective effects, plasma nicotine concentration, and liquid consumption. Results revealed that protonated ratio significantly influenced nicotine delivery, use behavior, and subjective effects. The 0:100 conditions produced greater nicotine boost, longer puff duration, and larger puff volume compared to the 40:60 conditions. Sweet enhancer did not impact nicotine delivery but boosted flavor perception and appeal when combined with the 0:100 ratio. Unsweetened liquids were associated with greater nausea, while 40:60 conditions were perceived as harsher and more irritating. The 0:100 liquids increased concentration ratings, whereas 40:60 liquids elicited greater immediate desire to use again. These findings underscore the need for electronic nicotine delivery system product standards to consider not only nicotine concentration but also nicotine form and sweet enhancers to effectively reduce abuse liability. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13134460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147812845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disentangling the bidirectional associations of depressive symptoms, impulsivity, and substance use in early adolescence: A between- and within-person perspective.","authors":"Timothy I Lawrence, Lu Chen, Oi-Man Kwok, Briana Amador, Lily Palmer, Gabriel J Merrin","doi":"10.1037/pha0000852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pha0000852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adolescents internalizing symptoms, such as depressive features, and externalizing behaviors, including impulsive tendencies and substance use, have serious social and developmental implications. Although studies have highlighted the developmental impact, few studies have estimated the distinct and cross-predictive associations of these internalizing and externalizing challenges from both a between-person and within-person perspective. Therefore, guided by relevant psychopathology models, the present study (a) estimated the continuity of depressive symptoms, impulsivity, and substance use and (b) explored the cross-predictive associations of these constructs from between- and within-person perspectives. A total of 4,718 early adolescents (<i>M</i>_age = 11.23 years at Time 1) completed surveys at baseline and were reassessed at a 6-month time interval. Methodologically, the present study utilized a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model to estimate the distinct continuity and cross-comorbidities of depressive symptoms, impulsive tendencies, and substance use. Results indicated that the onset and continuity of depressive symptoms were apparent but not for impulsive tendencies and substance use. At the between level, there are associations across depressive symptoms, impulsive tendencies, and substance use. At the within-person level, substance use at Time 1 negatively predicted depressive symptoms and impulsivity at Time 2. Substance use at Time 2, in turn, positively predicted both depressive symptoms and impulsive tendencies at Time 3. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effect of concurrent bupropion and citicoline treatment on lipopolysaccharide-induced depression- and anxiety-like behavior in mice: The role of neuroinflammation.","authors":"Seyyedeh Elaheh Mousavi, Zeinab Afrand Khalilabad, Moein Ghasemi, Ali Lesani, Seyedeh Sahar Alemohammad, Amirabbas Mohammadi Hamaneh","doi":"10.1037/pha0000845","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depression and anxiety cause substantial functional disabilities, and current treatments often have limited efficacy and notable adverse effects. Developing adjunctive therapies may help address these shortcomings. With established neuroprotective and antidepressant properties, citicoline may improve outcomes and minimize adverse effects. To assess citicoline as an adjuvant to bupropion in a lipopolysaccharide-induced model of depression and anxiety. Six-week-old male Naval Medical Research Institute mice were assigned to control or experimental groups receiving lipopolysaccharide alone or followed by daily bupropion (60 or 100 mg/kg), citicoline (25 or 75 mg/kg), or their combination. On Day 14, behavioral evaluations were performed in 8-week-old mice using the elevated plus maze, open field test, and forced swimming test, and hippocampal tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide levels were assessed. Coadministration of low-dose bupropion (60 mg/kg) with an otherwise ineffective dose of citicoline (25 mg/kg) significantly improved anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in the elevated plus maze and forced swimming test and reduced hippocampal tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide metabolites. These effects were consistently greater than those of bupropion (60 mg/kg) alone and were comparable or even superior to those achieved with the higher bupropion dose (100 mg/kg). Citicoline appears to positively potentiate bupropion's efficacy against depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in preclinical models of these human disorders, at least in part through attenuation of neuroinflammatory and oxidative processes. These findings suggest a promising experimental strategy that may help guide future clinical studies, particularly for unresponsive individuals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"196-206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147498013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}