Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Behavioral pharmacology study to inform the switching potential and abuse liability of tobacco-flavored and menthol-flavored pod-based electronic nicotine delivery systems with 5% nicotine concentration.","authors":"Nicholas I Goldenson, Saul Shiffman, Mark A Sembower, Ryan A Black","doi":"10.1037/pha0000848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pha0000848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To benefit public health, electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) must be sufficiently satisfying to adults who smoke to promote switching away from cigarettes while presenting limited risk of persistent use and dependence among nonusers of tobacco products. This behavioral pharmacology study evaluated the abuse liability and switching potential of four pod-based ENDS (tobacco and menthol flavors) relative to cigarettes. U.S. adults who smoked cigarettes daily (N = 78; 51.3% female; Mage[SD] = 42.91 [9.84]; 53.8% non-Hispanic White; mean cigarettes/day [SD] = 14.42 [11.96]) completed a randomized five-arm crossover behavioral pharmacology study. On 5 separate days, participants used one of four pod-based ENDS, all with 5.0% nicotine concentrations (JUUL2 Virginia Tobacco, NJOY Ace Classic Tobacco, JUUL2 Fresh Menthol, JUUL Menthol 5.0%), or smoked their usual brand cigarette for 20 min ad libitum. After using each product, questionnaires assessed subjective reinforcing and sensory effects relevant to abuse liability and potential for switching away from cigarettes. All ENDS products were rated statistically significantly and meaningfully lower than usual brand cigarette on subjective reinforcing effects (ps < .001; Cohen's ds = 0.58-1.73). The tobacco- and menthol-flavored ENDS were generally rated similarly on measures of subjective reinforcing and sensory effects, but JUUL2 Fresh Menthol 5% was rated significantly higher than the other ENDS on the modified Product Evaluation Scale satisfaction subscale (ps ≤ .01; Cohen's ds = 0.38-0.59). The abuse liability of all tobacco- and menthol-flavored pod-based ENDS in this study is likely substantially lower than cigarettes. The results regarding subjective satisfaction suggest that the switching potential of JUUL2 Fresh Menthol 5% may be higher than tobacco-flavored ENDS. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":"34 2","pages":"153-162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147698007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of digital cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia in heavy drinkers with insomnia: A replication and extension study.","authors":"Justin J Verlinden, Mairead E Moloney, Olga A Vsevolozhskaya, Lee M Ritterband, Karen S Ingersoll, Avrie Barthel, Jessica Weafer","doi":"10.1037/pha0000834","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poor sleep and problematic drinking share a bidirectional relationship. Recent studies have targeted sleep as a novel means of improving drinking outcomes, including a prior pilot trial by our group which showed that a digital insomnia intervention (Sleep Healthy Using the Internet [SHUTi]) significantly improved sleep and drinking outcomes to a greater degree than a patient education (PE) program. In the present study, we aimed to replicate and extend our prior findings by assessing diary-derived measures of sleep and alcohol use as well as mental health outcomes in a larger sample. One hundred thirteen heavy drinkers with insomnia were randomly assigned to either the SHUTi (<i>n</i> = 61) or a sleep PE program (<i>n</i> = 52). Participants completed assessments immediately following the intervention period (9 weeks) and again at 3- and 6-months postintervention. Linear mixed-effects models showed that those in the SHUTi condition reported significantly greater improvements in sleep and greater reductions in drinking frequency relative to the PE condition. Additionally, those in the SHUTi condition reported greater reductions in depression symptoms and sleep medication use relative to the PE condition. Limitations include relatively high attrition, reliance on self-report measures, and demographic homogeneity. These findings replicate and extend the pilot trial results and support the utility of incorporating sleep interventions into alcohol use disorder prevention and treatment efforts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"175-188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12970601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147364561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of visual exposure to natural (vs. Built) environments on delay discounting and demand for substances: Preliminary evidence and future directions.","authors":"Shahar Almog, Maribel Rodriguez Perez, Chiara M Licata, Alexia N Obrochta, Jillian M Rung, Meredith S Berry","doi":"10.1037/pha0000846","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Substance use disorders affect millions of people and can be difficult to treat, warranting novel therapeutic approaches. Simultaneously, well-established findings demonstrate beneficial effects of nature exposure for mental health, including substance use disorder comorbidities (e.g., anxiety), and emerging evidence suggests that nature exposure could impact decision making associated with harmful substance use. Across two within-subject experiments (Experiment 1: Amazon Mechanical Turk, n = 170, Experiment 2: college students, laboratory setting, n = 29), we evaluated the effects of visual exposure to natural versus built environment stimuli on delay discounting and demand for a substance among individuals who frequently use substances. Experiment 1 results showed that for subsets of participants, under certain conditions, visual exposure to natural compared with built environment stimuli reduced delay discounting and demand for cannabis, with medium effect sizes, but not for alcohol or cigarettes. Order effects emerged, demonstrating within-subject lower delay discounting following visual exposure to natural (vs. built) stimuli, when nature was presented second and lower demand for cannabis when presented first. Acknowledging sample size limitations, Experiment 2 results showed reduced demand for alcohol, with a large effect size, following visual exposure to natural (vs. built) stimuli, and no effect on delay discounting or demand for cannabis. Results contribute preliminary evidence of the beneficial effects of visual nature exposure on substance use-related decision-making outcomes among individuals who regularly use substances. We further discuss methodological challenges. Results hold implications for future research with clinical populations to develop and validate real nature prescription guidelines as prevention or adjunct to substance use disorder treatment programs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":"34 2","pages":"107-124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13089299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147698048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are dating and sexual Protective Behavioral Strategies (PBS) associated with alcohol-related consequences at all levels of alcohol use?","authors":"Roselyn Peterson, Sthefani C Paitan, Olivia A Belitsos, Joliza C Maynard, Jennifer E Merrill, Robert Dvorak","doi":"10.1037/pha0000838","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alcohol use is common among college students and often linked to negative consequences. Protective behavioral strategies (PBS) can reduce alcohol use and related harms. This study examined whether dating/sexual PBS provide unique protective effects beyond alcohol PBS. We tested three hypotheses: (1) dating/sexual PBS would predict fewer drinks at follow up, controlling for alcohol PBS; (2) dating/sexual PBS would predict fewer alcohol-related consequences at follow up, controlling for alcohol PBS; and (3) drinks per week would moderate the association between dating/sexual PBS and consequences, with stronger protection for heavier drinkers. Participants (<i>n</i> = 324; 78.1% female, <i>M</i>_age = 19.2, <i>SD</i> = 2.2, 71.3% White) completed baseline and 1-month follow-up surveys measuring alcohol PBS, dating/sexual PBS, typical drinks per week, and alcohol-related consequences. Baseline dating/sexual PBS did not predict follow-up drinks per week after controlling for alcohol PBS, logistic regression χ²(7) = 100.59, Cragg-Uhler <i>R</i>² = .281. However, dating/sexual PBS predicted fewer follow-up alcohol-related consequences (incident rate ratios [IRR] = 0.73, <i>p</i> = .022), with drinks per week moderating this effect. Contrary to expectation, dating/sexual PBS were protective at low levels of drinking (IRR = 0.57, <i>p</i> = .002) but not at high levels (IRR = 0.88, <i>p</i> = .391). Dating/sexual PBS reduce alcohol-related consequences over 1-month, particularly among students with low to average drinking levels. These findings emphasize the importance of both alcohol-specific and dating/sexual PBS in college alcohol risk reduction interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"189-195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147389993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the effect of donepezil and a combination of donepezil and mefloquine (THN201) on cognition during a scopolamine challenge in healthy participants.","authors":"Thibaut Dondaine, Werner Rein, Joëlle Micallef, Jean-Luc Cracowski, Pierre-Olivier Girodet, Gisèle Pickering, Claire Cracowski, Claire Thalamas, Geoffrey Viardot, Philippe L'Hostis, Damien Maurice, Frank Mouthon, Mathieu Charvériat, Dominique Deplanque, Régis Bordet","doi":"10.1037/pha0000825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pha0000825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effects of donepezil and a combination of donepezil and mefloquine (THN201) on cognitive function and electroencephalography (EEG) parameters during a scopolamine challenge in healthy participants. Scopolamine, which is known to induce cognitive impairment, was used to model transient cognitive deficits similar to those observed in Alzheimer's disease. The study involved 152 healthy male participants, who were subjected to various cognitive tests and EEG recordings to assess the impact of the treatments on attention and memory processes. The results showed significant temporal effects on cognitive performance and positive component around 300 milliseconds EEG parameters, indicating that scopolamine-induced notable changes in cognitive functions and brain activity. However, this study did not find significant overall group differences or interactions between time and group for most cognitive and EEG measures. The combination of donepezil and mefloquine (THN201) did not show a clear protective or restorative effect against scopolamine-induced impairments, highlighting the role of the cholinergic system in cognitive processes and the potential of EEG parameters as markers for cognitive impairment. This study underscores the complexity of cholinergic modulation in attention and memory, suggesting a need for more targeted approaches in future research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":"34 2","pages":"142-152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147697968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of cannabidiol on sleep disturbances within a sample of high trait worriers: A double-blind, randomized placebo controlled trial.","authors":"L Riley Gournay, Morgan L Ferretti, Harrison B Dickens, Veronica Floyd, Daniella A Fernandez, Ezri Rathbun, Anna-Marie Nguyen, Ellen W Leen-Feldner","doi":"10.1037/pha0000832","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cannabidiol (CBD), a nonintoxicating molecule derived from the cannabis plant, is garnering attention as a novel sleep aid despite a dearth of empirical literature supporting its efficacy for sleep-related indications. The present study aimed to address this gap. Participants were 63 individuals (<i>M</i>_age = 29.27; <i>SD</i>_age = 9.58) reporting elevated trait worry who were randomly assigned to take 300 mg CBD, 50 mg CBD, or placebo daily for 2 weeks. Results suggested 300 mg CBD decreased sleep disturbances and sleep quality significantly more than 50 mg CBD (<i>B</i> = -0.39, <i>t</i> = -2.59, <i>p</i> < .05, <i>d</i> = 0.08), but not placebo (<i>B</i> = -0.32, <i>t</i> = -2.09, <i>p</i> = .10, <i>d</i> = 0.07) with no effects on sedation or cognitive impairment. These data suggest 300 mg CBD showed significantly greater improvement than 50 mg CBD but did not show statistically significant improvement compared to placebo. More work is needed to assert strong conclusions regarding CBD's effects on sleep-related indicators. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"163-174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146164688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the adapted English version of the Substance Use Protective Strategies Scale among U.S. college students.","authors":"Ricardo Apodaca-Rubio, Matthew R Pearson, Jakub D Greń, Krzysztof Ostaszewski","doi":"10.1037/pha0000837","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Substance use (and polysubstance use in particular) is prevalent and associated with a range of negative outcomes among young adults. The Substance Use Protective Strategies Scale (SUPSS) was originally developed and validated using a Polish sample and is a substance-general measure of cognitive-behavioral strategies aimed at reducing substance-related harms associated with the use of multiple substances. The present study developed an adapted version of the SUPSS for the purposes of examining the psychometric properties and validity of this measure in a large sample of U.S. college students (<i>n</i> = 2,566) recruited across 10 universities who reported past-month substance use. Using confirmatory factor analysis, we found an adequate fit for a four-factor model, consistent with the developmental sample. Using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis, we found support for scalar invariance of the SUPSS across distinct sociodemographic groups and those using distinct substances. Generally, the SUPSS subscales were positively associated with alcohol and cannabis protective behavioral strategies use and negatively associated with alcohol- and cannabis-related outcomes (frequency, consequences, disorder symptoms). The present study was limited by its cross-sectional design and exclusive reliance on retrospective self-reports. Future research using longitudinal and experimental designs can determine the prospective and causal effects of these substance-general protective behavioral strategies on substance-related outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"133-141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147389967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute effects of traditional and heated tobacco products on palatal blood flow and cardiac function in smokers: A crossover pilot study.","authors":"Norbert Kulcsár, Barbara Mikecs, Kata Kelemen, Elek Dinya, János Vág, Péter Hermann, Orsolya Vámos, Barbara Kispélyi","doi":"10.1037/pha0000828","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional cigarette (TC) smoking is linked to a multitude of diseases, including cancer and neurological, respiratory, and cardiovascular diseases. It also has negative consequences for oral health; it is associated with periodontal disease and postoperative complications by impairing oral circulation and wound healing. Alternative tobacco products, particularly heated tobacco products (HTPs), have gained popularity in recent years, although their physiological effects, including those in circulation, are less well-known. The acute effects of HTPs on palatal blood flow (PBF) and cardiac function were examined and compared with those of TC in ten medically healthy volunteers (nine males, one female) aged between 24 and 32 years (Mage 26.5 ± 2.4 years). All patients were requested to smoke TC, two types of HTPs (natur flavor, IQOS-Natur; and menthol flavor, IQOS-Menthol), and a switched-off IQOS device as a sham smoking blind test. PBF was measured in three regions of interest via a laser speckle contrast imager at three time points (before, TOI1; immediately after, TOI2; and 15 min after exposure, TOI3). Blood pressure and pulse were also measured in three times of interests. Mean PBF significantly increased in the IQOS-Menthol group in ROI1 at TOI3 compared with TOI1 (p < .01). No statistically significant differences in percent PBF changes were detected between times of interests in each group. In all three tobacco product groups, the systolic blood pressure increased immediately after product use; however, this increase was statistically significant only for TC (p < .01). There was no significant difference in blind test (p = .6). Diastolic blood pressure and pulse increased significantly in TOI2 for TC, IQOS-Menthol, and IQOS-Natur (p < .01) but not for blind test (p = .08; p = .69). HTPs and TC were associated with elevated heart rate and blood pressure after exposure. All tobacco products had minimal acute effects on PBF. Habitual use of HTPs may increase susceptibility to chronic cardiovascular diseases, but further research is necessary to clarify their effects on oral circulation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":"34 2","pages":"125-132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147697965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probability of fentanyl adulteration in cocaine selectively decreases cocaine demand.","authors":"Cecilia Nunez, Jin H Yoon, James MacKillop, Margaret C Wardle","doi":"10.1037/pha0000817","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fentanyl-related, cocaine-overdose deaths have drastically increased, yet research on how people who use cocaine perceive fentanyl adulteration is limited. This study developed the novel Adulterated Cocaine Purchasing Task, a modification of the original Cocaine Purchasing Task, to quantify how people respond to fentanyl adulteration in cocaine. In the Adulterated Cocaine Purchasing Task, participants indicated how much cocaine they would purchase when cocaine had no (0%) versus some (10%) probability of fentanyl adulteration. Study aims were to (a) determine how possible fentanyl adulteration affects cocaine demand and (b) determine which individual characteristics predict continued demand for cocaine despite fentanyl adulteration. This Amazon Mechanical Turk study included self-reported cocaine purchasers (<i>N</i> = 64), who completed self-report questionnaires (demographics, substance use history, depression/posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, fentanyl knowledge quiz), and the Adulterated Cocaine Purchasing Task. Results showed (a) that a greater probability of fentanyl adulteration (10%) lowered cocaine demand, but only for intensity (<i>Q</i>₀; amount of cocaine consumed when free; <i>p</i> < .001); (b) no effect on other demand indices (<i>O</i>_max, <i>P</i>_max, essential value, breakpoint); (c) significantly more zero responders with 10% probability of fentanyl adulteration than 0%, <i>p</i> < .001; and (d) that opioid couse, depression, age, posttraumatic stress disorder, fentanyl knowledge, and cocaine use severity did not moderate the relationship between fentanyl adulteration and intensity. Overall, fentanyl adulteration reduced cocaine demand but only for volume preferred at minimal cost, not general motivational drive for use, illustrating the dangerous insensitivity to toxic contamination. The internal validity of the paradigm provides proof-of-concept for this approach to identify individuals at risk from fentanyl-adulterated cocaine. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"207-215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13138464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145762144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurobehavioral differences in value-based decision making between people with cocaine use disorder and controls.","authors":"Joshua A Lile, Preston T Tolbert, Thomas P Shellenberg, William W Stoops, Justin C Strickland, Joshua S Beckmann, Michael J Wesley","doi":"10.1037/pha0000840","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Decision making occurs in dynamic contexts in which the individual and reward attributes change, requiring that predicted reward values of options be updated continually and applied to future choices to maximize reward. Value processing relies on corticostriatal dopamine, which is dysregulated in people with cocaine use disorder (pwCocUD), but whether these individuals differ in value-based decision making has only recently been considered. A probabilistic concurrent monetary choice task with reversals, reinforcement learning modeling, and functional magnetic resonance imaging were used to assess value-based decision making in nontreatment-seeking pwCocUD and matched controls (<i>n</i> = 17 [8F and 9M] per group; <i>n</i> = 34 total). Both groups were sensitive to reinforcement probabilities, but pwCocUD made significantly fewer choices for the high probability reward option. Reinforcement learning modeling revealed that pwCocUD had lower β parameter estimates, indicating reduced consistency in using relative option values to make choices. Significant correlations between the application of value (i.e., β parameter) and value-modulated activity during choice deliberation were identified in brain regions previously linked to reinforcement learning and exploiting versus exploring choice options in both groups. A significant group difference in the strength of this relationship was found in medial frontal control regions, including the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, which has been associated with the explore-exploit trade-off, suggesting that the differential engagement of these areas contributed to group differences in choice behavior. This research contributes to our understanding of suboptimal decisions made by pwCocUD in uncertain, low-reward contexts and support targeting networks involved in value-based decision making for neuromodulation intervention development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13025760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147510851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}