Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology最新文献_第10页

Decision-making task performance and patterns of methamphetamine use in people assigned male at birth who have sex with men. 出生时被指定为男性并与男性发生性关系的人的决策任务表现和甲基苯丙胺使用模式。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000689

Michael J Li, Adiba Hassan, Marjan Javanbakht, Pamina M Gorbach, Steven J Shoptaw

{"title":"Decision-making task performance and patterns of methamphetamine use in people assigned male at birth who have sex with men.","authors":"Michael J Li, Adiba Hassan, Marjan Javanbakht, Pamina M Gorbach, Steven J Shoptaw","doi":"10.1037/pha0000689","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000689","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine whether performance on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), a simulation of risk-taking when faced with loss, is associated with greater frequency of methamphetamine (MA) use and challenges reducing or stopping MA use. The parent mSTUDY is a Los Angeles County-based longitudinal study of substance use and HIV risk in predominately Black/African American and Latinx people assigned male at birth who have sex with men. The IGT was offered for a limited timeframe to mSTUDY participants, of whom 192 consented to and completed this one-time task. Separate random intercept binary logistic regressions tested whether the IGT total score and subscore for Blocks 4 and 5 (last 40 card draws) were associated with the outcomes, testing positive for MA in urine and self-reported inability to control or cease MA use in the past 6 months. Separate random intercept ordered logistic regressions tested whether IGT total score and subscore were associated with self-reported frequency of MA use in past 6 months. Higher IGT subscores for Blocks 4 and 5 (lower risk-taking) were associated with lower odds of testing MA-positive (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 0.97, 95% CI [0.95, 0.99], p = .025) and less frequent MA use in the past 6 months (AOR = 0.96, 95% CI [0.94, 0.99], p = .006). Higher IGT total scores (lower risk-taking) were also associated with less frequent MA use (AOR = 0.99, 95% CI [0.97, 0.99], p = .038). Findings from this analysis suggest that IGT performance may be a useful indicator of MA use severity in nontreatment-seeking people. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"350-357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11063125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71421986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interpretations and experiences of subjective effects for alcohol alone and when combined with cannabis: A mixed-methods approach. 单独饮酒和与大麻结合时主观影响的解释和经验：混合方法方法。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000685

Cassandra L Boness, Ashley N Linden-Carmichael

{"title":"Interpretations and experiences of subjective effects for alcohol alone and when combined with cannabis: A mixed-methods approach.","authors":"Cassandra L Boness, Ashley N Linden-Carmichael","doi":"10.1037/pha0000685","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000685","url":null,"abstract":"Subjective effects generally describe the feelings one has when consuming substances. There are several tools available for measuring alcohol-related subjective effects but there are reasons to believe that effects are interpreted differently across participants. The assessment of alcohol-related subjective effects is further complicated by the fact that many people use other substances with alcohol, including cannabis. The present study used a mixed-methods approach to evaluate interpretations of 21 subjective effects used in common assessments among a college student sample (N = 99; primarily White [79%], Hispanic [60%] women [74%], 72% of which reported lifetime couse of alcohol and cannabis). We sought to (a) estimate the prevalence of each effect and the amount of alcohol/number of drinks (and, for those with simultaneous use, amount of cannabis/number of hits) required to experience each effect and (b) evaluate how participants interpreted each effect that they had ever experienced when drinking (for our sample who had used only alcohol) or when simultaneously using alcohol and cannabis (for our sample who had reported simultaneous use). Across both samples, we found that several effects were far more common than others and participants had varied interpretations of each subjective effect. Further, qualitative results demonstrated that participants interpreted some subjective effects in a way that differed from the original intention of the measure. Results suggest a degree of measurement error when using common subjective effects assessment tools. Findings lay the groundwork for standardized measures of subjective effects for simultaneous use and have implications for future real-world assessment and intervention work. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"329-339"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11063124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71421988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A test of competing mediators linking trouble sleeping to cannabis use in adolescents and emerging adults. 测试青少年和新成人中睡眠障碍与吸食大麻之间的竞争中介关系。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000693

Benjamin L Berey, Samuel Meisel, Melissa Pielech, Jamie E Parnes, Hayley Treloar Padovano, Robert Miranda

{"title":"A test of competing mediators linking trouble sleeping to cannabis use in adolescents and emerging adults.","authors":"Benjamin L Berey, Samuel Meisel, Melissa Pielech, Jamie E Parnes, Hayley Treloar Padovano, Robert Miranda","doi":"10.1037/pha0000693","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000693","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined day-level associations between trouble sleeping and three cannabis-use indices (likelihood/quantity of use and impaired control). We evaluated behavioral and cognitive mediators of the association between trouble sleeping and cannabis outcomes. Youth (N = 86, ages 15-24, 48.8% female, 58.8% White, 18.6% Latine) who regularly used cannabis were recruited for an intervention study. This preregistered secondary data analysis leveraged data from a 1-week ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study completed prior to intervention. Trouble sleeping, cannabis use, and impaired control over use were assessed each morning; negative affect, risk-taking propensity, and cannabis craving were assessed multiple times and aggregated to create a daily average. Multilevel structural equation modeling evaluated hypothesized temporally sequenced associations and putative mechanisms at the day (i.e., within) and person (i.e., between) level. In bivariate analyses at the person level, there were large-effect associations between trouble sleeping and craving and negative affect, and between craving and cannabis-use likelihood and quantity (rs from .34 to .48). In multilevel analyses at the day level, participants were less likely to use cannabis the next day after reporting more trouble sleeping (β = -.65, p < .001). Trouble sleeping was not directly associated with subsequent cannabis-use quantity or impaired control, or indirectly via negative affect, risk-taking propensity, or craving. Trouble sleeping had differential relations with cannabis-use indices at the day and person levels. To promote youth health and reduce cannabis use, future research may consider the unique, person- and situation-driven mechanistic processes at play. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"316-328"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11098684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138828981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Regression tree applications to studying alcohol-related problems among college students. 将回归树应用于研究大学生中与酒精有关的问题。

IF 2.3 3区医学

Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000718

Frank J Schwebel, Matthew R Pearson, Dylan K Richards, Connor J McCabe, Verlin W Joseph,

{"title":"Regression tree applications to studying alcohol-related problems among college students.","authors":"Frank J Schwebel, Matthew R Pearson, Dylan K Richards, Connor J McCabe, Verlin W Joseph, ","doi":"10.1037/pha0000718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pha0000718","url":null,"abstract":"Machine learning algorithms hold promise for developing precision medicine approaches to addiction treatment yet have been used sparingly to identify predictors of alcohol-related problems. Recursive partitioning, a machine learning algorithm, can identify salient predictors and clinical cut points that can guide treatment. This study aimed to identify predictors and cut points of alcohol-related problems and to examine result stability in two separate, large data sets of college student drinkers (n = 5,090 and 2,808). Four regression trees were grown using the \"rpart\" package in R. Seventy-one predictors were classified as demographics (e.g., age), alcohol use indicators (e.g., typical quantity/frequency), or psychosocial indicators (e.g., anxiety). Predictors and cut points were extracted and used to manually recreate the tree in the other data set to test result stability. Outcome variables were alcohol-related problems as measured by the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test and Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire. Coping with depression, conformity motives, binge drinking frequency, typical/heaviest quantity, drunk frequency, serious harm reduction protective behavioral strategies, substance use, and psychosis symptoms best predicted alcohol-related problems across the four trees; coping with depression (cut point range: 1.83-2.17) and binge drinking frequency (cut point range: 1.5-2.5) were the most common splitting variables. Model fit indices suggest relatively stable results accounting for 17%-30% of the variance. Results suggest the nine salient predictors, particularly coping with depression motives scores around 2 and binge drinking frequency around two to three times per month, are important targets to consider when treating alcohol-related problems for college students. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140828455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The subjective value of social context in people who use cannabis. 社会环境对大麻使用者的主观价值。

IF 2.3 3区医学

Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000717

Thomas P Shellenberg, Justin C Strickland, Cecilia L Bergeria, Sean D Regnier, William W Stoops, Joshua A Lile

{"title":"The subjective value of social context in people who use cannabis.","authors":"Thomas P Shellenberg, Justin C Strickland, Cecilia L Bergeria, Sean D Regnier, William W Stoops, Joshua A Lile","doi":"10.1037/pha0000717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pha0000717","url":null,"abstract":"Disordered cannabis use is linked to social problems, which could be explained by a subjective devaluation of nondrug social contexts and/or an overvaluation of cannabis-paired options relative to nondrug alternatives. To examine these hypotheses, measures to assess the subjective value of social- and/or cannabis-paired contexts were collected in people who use cannabis (n = 85) and controls (n = 98) using crowdsourcing methods. Measures included a cued concurrent choice task that presented two images (cannabis, social, social cannabis, and neutral images) paired with monetary options, hypothetical purchase tasks that included access to social parties with and without a cannabis \"open bar,\" and the Social Anhedonia Scale (SAS). Little evidence was found to suggest that the cannabis group undervalued social contexts. People who used cannabis demonstrated a preference for social- versus neutral-cued options, and no preference for cannabis- versus social cannabis-cued options on the choice task. In addition, social party demand and SAS scores did not differ between groups. In contrast, we observed evidence for an overvaluation of cannabis context in people who use cannabis, including preference for social cannabis- versus social-cued options, and more disadvantageous choices for cannabis-cued options on the choice task, as well as more intense and inelastic demand for the social cannabis party compared to the social party. These results suggest that social problems associated with cannabis use could be at least partially explained by an overvaluation of cannabis-paired options, rather than devaluation of nondrug social-paired options, in the value calculations underlying drug use decisions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140828784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of relative-reinforcement value of alcohol-free activities during recovery from alcohol use disorder in an adult clinical sample. 在成人临床样本中，无酒精活动在酒精使用障碍康复过程中的相对强化价值的作用。

IF 2.3 3区医学

Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000713

Alena Kuhlemeier, Jalie A Tucker, Katie Witkiewitz

{"title":"Role of relative-reinforcement value of alcohol-free activities during recovery from alcohol use disorder in an adult clinical sample.","authors":"Alena Kuhlemeier, Jalie A Tucker, Katie Witkiewitz","doi":"10.1037/pha0000713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pha0000713","url":null,"abstract":"Behavioral economic theory has been extensively applied to understand alcohol use disorder (AUD). Applications of behavioral economic theory conceptualize AUD as a pattern of harmful alcohol use over extended periods of time in which choices between drinking or engaging in alcohol-free activities favor drinking. Recovery, in contrast, entails a sustained shift toward a pattern of selecting rewarding alcohol-free activities. The present study examined whether alcohol-free activity engagement and the relative-reinforcement value (RRV) of engaging in those activities predicted AUD treatment outcomes via secondary analysis of data from Project MATCH, a multisite randomized clinical trial examining behavioral treatments for AUD (N = 1,279, 75.8% male, 81.0% non-Hispanic White, 9.5% Black, 7.7% Hispanic/Latino, 1.5% American Indian/Alaska Native, < 1% Asian American, and other race/ethnicity). Regression analyses indicated that every additional alcohol-free activity reported at 6 months posttreatment was associated with 7% fewer drinking days, 5% fewer heavy drinking days, and approximately one less drink per drinking day, as well as with significant improvements in depression, purpose in life, and psychosocial functioning at 12 months following treatment. Consistent with behavioral economic theory, higher RRV of alcohol-free activities also predicted significant reductions in drinking and improvements in functioning, and these associations were stronger compared to results for alcohol-free activity frequency only. The findings highlight the importance of understanding environmental contexts conducive to recovery and support the value of increasing alcohol-free activity engagement and the RRV of engaging in such activities to facilitate reductions in drinking and improved functioning among individuals with AUD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140630094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Combustible cigarette smokers versus e-cigarette dual users among Latinx individuals: Differences in alcohol and drug use severity. 拉美裔人中的可燃卷烟吸烟者与电子烟双重使用者：酒精和毒品使用严重程度的差异。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000673

Michael J Zvolensky, Justin M Shepherd, Bryce K Clausen, Brooke Y Redmond, Virmarie Correa-Fernández, Joseph W Ditre

{"title":"Combustible cigarette smokers versus e-cigarette dual users among Latinx individuals: Differences in alcohol and drug use severity.","authors":"Michael J Zvolensky, Justin M Shepherd, Bryce K Clausen, Brooke Y Redmond, Virmarie Correa-Fernández, Joseph W Ditre","doi":"10.1037/pha0000673","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000673","url":null,"abstract":"The Latinx population in the United States (U.S.) experiences significant tobacco and other substance use-related health disparities. Yet, little is known about the couse of combustible cigarettes and e-cigarettes (dual use) in relation to substance use behavior among Latinx smokers. The present investigation compared English-speaking Latinx adults living in the United States who exclusively smoke combustible cigarettes versus dual users in terms of alcohol use and other drug use problem severity. Participants were 297 Hispanic/Latinx daily cigarette smokers (36.4% female, Mage = 35.9 years, SD = 8.87) recruited nationally across the United States using Qualtrics Panels to complete self-report measures of behavioral health outcomes. Five analysis of covariance models were conducted to evaluate differences in overall alcohol consumption, dependence, related problems, hazardous drinking, and drug use problem severity between exclusive combustible cigarette smokers (N = 205) and dual users (N = 92). Results indicated that dual users evinced greater levels of alcohol consumption, dependence, alcohol-related problems, and hazardous drinking compared to exclusive combustible cigarette smokers (ps < .001). Dual users also reported greater levels of drug use problems relative to exclusive combustible cigarette smokers (p < .001). The current findings are among the first to document that dual cigarette and e-cigarette use status (compared to exclusive combustible cigarette smoking) may serve as a clinically relevant risk indicator for a range of deleterious substance use problems among Latinx individuals. Future research is needed to corroborate these findings and examine dual-use status as a longitudinal predictor of alcohol and other substance-related problems. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"197-206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10799193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9838246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lumateperone for treatment of psychotic symptoms in Lewy body disease: A case report. 治疗路易体病精神症状的鲁马培龙：病例报告。

IF 2.3 3区医学

Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000663

Adam M Bied, Susan W Njuguna, Ritvij M Satodiya

引用次数: 0

Novel methods for the remote investigation of emerging substances: Application to kratom. 新兴物质远程检测的新方法:在克拉通中的应用。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-22 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000656

Kirsten E Smith, Jeffrey D Feldman, Kelly E Dunn, Christopher R McCurdy, Oliver Grundmann, Albert Garcia-Romeu, Leigh V Panlilio, Jeffrey M Rogers, Abhisheak Sharma, Salma Pont-Fernandez, Marina Kheyfets, David H Epstein

{"title":"Novel methods for the remote investigation of emerging substances: Application to kratom.","authors":"Kirsten E Smith, Jeffrey D Feldman, Kelly E Dunn, Christopher R McCurdy, Oliver Grundmann, Albert Garcia-Romeu, Leigh V Panlilio, Jeffrey M Rogers, Abhisheak Sharma, Salma Pont-Fernandez, Marina Kheyfets, David H Epstein","doi":"10.1037/pha0000656","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000656","url":null,"abstract":"The botanical product commonly called \"kratom\" is still relatively novel to the United States. Like other natural products marketed as supplements, kratom is highly variable, both in terms of the alkaloids naturally occurring in kratom leaves and in terms of processing and formulation. Kratom products sold in the United States are not well-characterized, nor are daily use patterns among regular users. Surveys and case reports have comprised most of the literature on kratom use among humans. To advance our understanding of real-world kratom use, we developed a protocol for the remote study of regular kratom-using adults in the United States. Our study had three aspects implemented in one pool of participants nationwide: an in-depth online survey, 15 days of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) via smartphone app, and the collection and assay of the kratom products used by participants during EMA. Here, we describe these methods, which can be used to investigate myriad drugs or supplements. Recruiting, screening, and data collection occurred between July 20, 2022 and October 18, 2022. During this time, we demonstrated that these methods, while challenging from a logistical and staffing standpoint, are feasible and can produce high-quality data. The study achieved high rates of enrollment, compliance, and completion. Substances that are emerging or novel, but still largely legal, can be productively studied via nationwide EMA combined with assays of shipped product samples from participants. We discuss challenges and lessons learned so other investigators can adapt these methods. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"215-227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10663387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9491627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cocaine and heroin interact differently with nondrug reinforcers in a choice situation. 在选择情况下，可卡因和海洛因与非药物强化剂的相互作用是不同的。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000674

Madeline M Beasley, Sarah Amantini, Tommy Gunawan, Alan Silberberg, David N Kearns

{"title":"Cocaine and heroin interact differently with nondrug reinforcers in a choice situation.","authors":"Madeline M Beasley, Sarah Amantini, Tommy Gunawan, Alan Silberberg, David N Kearns","doi":"10.1037/pha0000674","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pha0000674","url":null,"abstract":"The present study used a rat choice model to test how cocaine or heroin economically interacted with two different nondrug reinforcers along the substitute-to-complement continuum. In Experiment 1, the nondrug alternative was the negative reinforcer timeout-from-avoidance (TOA)-that is, rats could press a lever to obtain a period of safety from footshock. One group of rats chose between cocaine and TOA and another group chose between heroin and TOA. The relative prices of the reinforcers were manipulated across phases while controlling for potential income effects. When cocaine was the reinforcer, rats reacted to price changes by increasing their allocation of behavior to the more expensive option, thereby maintaining relatively proportional intake of cocaine and TOA reinforcers across prices, suggesting these reinforcers were complements here. In contrast, when heroin became relatively cheap, rats increased allocation of income to heroin and decreased allocation of income to TOA, suggesting that heroin substituted for safety. Additionally, rats were willing to accept more footshocks when heroin was easily available. In Experiment 2, the nondrug alternative was saccharin, a positive reinforcer. Heroin and saccharin were complements, but there was no consistent effect of price changes on the allocation of behavior between cocaine and saccharin. As a model of the processes that could be involved in human drug use, these results show that drug-taking behavior depends on the type of drug, the type of nondrug alternative available, and the prices of both. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":12089,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"158-172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10837314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10290533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0