Experimental and Applied Acarology最新文献

{"title":"First site-specific N-glycoproteome of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae reveals a glycan signature different from insect models and functional insights for pest management.","authors":"Dongdong Liu, Guy Smagghe","doi":"10.1007/s10493-026-01162-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-026-01162-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Protein N-glycosylation is a fundamental post-translational modification that shapes protein folding, stability, trafficking, and biological function. In arthropods, current understanding of N-glycosylation is largely derived from insect models, whereas chelicerates, including mites and ticks, remain poorly characterized despite their ecological and economic importance. Here, we present the first comprehensive, site-specific N-glycoproteomic analysis of a chelicerate arthropod, the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae, a globally important agricultural pest characterized by rapid development, high fecundity, extreme polyphagy, and exceptional resistance to chemical control. Using intact glycopeptide enrichment coupled with high-resolution Orbitrap LC-MS/MS, and following fragment-level validation of glycan compositions, we identified 2535 intact N-glycopeptides (glycoforms) corresponding to 815 N-glycosylation sites across 543 glycoproteins. The T. urticae N-glycome is strongly dominated by oligomannose-type glycans, which account for 89.2% of the total glycopeptide signal intensity. Notably, high-mannose structures (56.2%) are more abundant than paucimannose glycans, a pattern that contrasts with the canonical insect glycosylation paradigm. Fucosylation is comparatively modest, representing 13.5% of the total glycopeptide signal intensity, and difucosylated structures, common in insects, are rare and restricted to small core-difucosylated paucimannosidic glycans. Despite this overall simplicity, T. urticae retains the enzymatic capacity to synthesize hybrid- and complex-type N-glycans, including branched structures, indicating selective deployment of advanced glycan processing, consistent with this, orthologs of the relevant glycosyltransferases are present in the T. urticae genome. Comparative analysis with multiple insect species places T. urticae at the low-fucosylation end of the arthropod range, alongside a distinctive Man5/Man4 oligomannose signature. We hypothesize that these features may reflect an ancestral or lineage-restricted glycosylation phenotype associated with ametabolous development, although confirmation will require glycoproteomic sample of additional chelicerate species. Functional annotation reveals strong enrichment of N-glycoproteins involved in proteolysis, lipid transport and metabolism, lysosomal function, cuticle-associated processes, and acetylcholinesterase activity, linking glycosylation to key aspects of mite feeding biology, molting, rapid growth, and insecticide resistance. Together, the present study establishes a foundational, site-specific N-glycoproteomic resource for Acari, expands current understanding of arthropod glycan evolution, and provides a molecular framework for exploring glycosylation-dependent mechanisms underlying mite development, host-plant interactions, and resistance to chemical control.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"97 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148497336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population fluctuation of Acalitus essigi and Acalitus orthomerus (Acari: Eriophyidae) associated with inhibited ripening of blackberry (Rubus spp.).","authors":"Santos Díaz-Martínez, Gabriel Otero-Colina, Geremías Rodríguez-Bautista, Daniel L Ochoa-Martínez, Marcelino Martínez-Núñez","doi":"10.1007/s10493-026-01160-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-026-01160-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this research was to confirm the identity of the mites associated with the disease known as inhibited ripening of blackberries, also known as redberry, in all phenological stages of three commercial varieties of blackberry (Rubus spp.). The association of the mites with redberry is reported through an exhaustive analysis that includes the study of their fluctuation in the different morphological structures of the plant throughout its phenology, as well as taxonomic determination by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Acalitus essigi and Acalitus orthomerus were found in nine morphological structures of the plants, showing preferences for vegetative buds, reproductive buds, and polydrupes, where both species were frequently found in coexistence. Redberry occurred in the late stages of polydrupe harvest in Tupy and X001 varieties, while the SP-Erandy variety did not show symptoms of this disease. In addition, two additional species of the Eriophyoidea superfamily associated with Rubus spp. were identified, Diptacus rubuscolum and Aculus schlechtendali; they infested the surface of leaves, being determined as vagrants.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"97 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148445097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divergent diversity and composition of microbial communities between the whole body and dissected gut of oribatid mites revealed by high-throughput sequencing.","authors":"Yannan Chen, Yu Chen, Gexia Qiao, Jun Chen","doi":"10.1007/s10493-026-01158-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-026-01158-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil microarthropods are known to harbor diverse microbial communities that play crucial roles in host physiology and ecological functions. Due to the minute size of oribatid mites, microbial studies have traditionally relied on whole body DNA extraction after surface sterilization, potentially confounding gut microbiota with microorganisms from other tissues. This study employed high-throughput Illumina sequencing to comprehensively compare bacterial and fungal communities between the whole body and dissected gut samples of the oribatid mite Eremobelba eharai. Our results revealed significantly higher bacterial α-diversity (Shannon-Wiener and Pielou evenness indices) in gut samples compared to whole body samples, while fungal richness was significantly lower in gut samples. Non-metric multidimensional scaling demonstrated significant divergence in bacterial community composition between sample types (PERMANOVA: R² = 0.560, P = 0.010), but not for fungal communities (R² = 0.119, P = 0.362). Taxonomic analysis identified the bacteria families Yersiniaceae and Rhizobiaceae as enriched in gut samples, potentially involved in nitrogen metabolism and plant polysaccharide degradation, whereas Mycobacteriaceae dominated whole body samples, potentially involved in lipid metabolism and antimicrobial defense. Fungal communities were predominantly pathotrophic, with minimal symbiotrophic representation. Our findings demonstrate that the choice of sample processing method (dissected gut vs. whole body) significantly influences microbial community characterization in soil microarthropods. This empirical validation highlights a critical methodological consideration for future studies of gut microbiota in soil microarthropods.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"97 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148430315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Northernmost record of Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) puertoricensis (Acari: Argasidae) in Coahuila, Mexico.","authors":"Jose Alberto Hernández-Martínez, Edwin Vázquez-Guerrero, Jose Antonio Ibarra","doi":"10.1007/s10493-026-01154-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-026-01154-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) puertoricensis, a soft tick previously known to inhabit the Neotropical region, is reported for the first time in Sabinas, Coahuila, Mexico, representing its northernmost record and extending its range into the Nearctic region. Specimens were collected from rock squirrel (Otospermophilus variegatus) burrows and identified using morphological and molecular analyses, including mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis supported the species identity. This record expands the known distribution of O. (A.) puertoricensis and highlights its potential role in pathogen transmission, highlighting its ecological and public health significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"97 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148419884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of suitable habitats for the six-spotted mite on rubber trees using multi-source data and MaxEnt modeling.","authors":"Yanan You, Huichun Ye, Donghua Wang, Chaojia Nie, Jingjing Wang, Bingsun Wu, Fengzheng Cai, Jiajian Deng, Lixia Shen, Fu Wen","doi":"10.1007/s10493-026-01163-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-026-01163-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The six-spotted mite (SSM), Eotetranychus sexmaculatus (Acari: Tetranychidae), is one of the most destructive pests threatening rubber tree plantations. Accurately identifying its suitable regions is essential for implementing targeted pest management and establishing early warning systems. This study, focusing on Hainan Island, China, innovatively integrates multi-source data, including field survey points, topography, meteorology, and remote sensing vegetation indices, to develop a high-precision method for extracting SSM suitable regions based on the maximum entropy algorithm implemented in the MaxEnt. The results demonstrate that the model exhibits excellent performance (Area Under Curve [AUC] = 0.907, True Skill Statistic [TSS] = 0.803), with 93.9% of pest occurrence points accurately located within the predicted suitable regions, and all cross-replicate prediction standard deviations are lower than 0.3. Elevation, slope, annual precipitation, minimum land surface temperature from May to July, and average renormalized difference vegetation index from May to July were identified as the primary driving factors influencing SSM distribution. The spatial distribution of SSM suitable regions in Hainan Island revealed a 'core-edge' pattern, with the total suitable area covering approximately 92% of the island's rubber plantations. Of this, the high suitable region accounts for 27.9%, and is predominantly located in the central and northwestern regions of the island. Furthermore, the total suitable area has expanded by approximately 5.8% over the past decade. This research not only provides a scientific paradigm for the large-scale dynamic monitoring and regionalized precision control of SSM but also offers forward-looking decision support for addressing future agricultural biosecurity challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"97 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148410994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative morphometric and molecular evidence of host specialization and cryptic speciation in leaf blister mites (Eriophyes spp.) infesting rosaceous hosts.","authors":"Venkata Avinash Addanki, Krzysztof Tomasz Kołątaj, Tobiasz Druciarek, Mariusz Lewandowski","doi":"10.1007/s10493-026-01155-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-026-01155-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blister-forming eriophyoid mites of the genus Eriophyes are important pests of rosaceous plants and have traditionally been regarded as polyphagous species with broad host ranges. However, increasing evidence suggests that many eriophyoids represent complexes of cryptic species or host-associated lineages. In this study, we applied an integrative taxonomic approach to investigate the taxonomic status of Eriophyes populations associated with Malus domestica, Pyrus spp., and Sorbus aucuparia. We analyzed mitochondrial COI and nuclear D2 region of 28 S rDNA sequences from multiple populations, together with multivariate morphometric analyses based on 28 quantitative morphological characters. Phylogenetic reconstruction and species delimitation analyses (bPTP) revealed strong host-associated genetic structuring and identified up to seven deeply divergent evolutionary lineages. Mitochondrial COI data resolved multiple host-specific clades with high inter-lineage divergence, while the more conserved nuclear D2 marker supported major host-associated groupings but recovered fewer lineages, indicating mito-nuclear discordance consistent with recent or ongoing divergence. Morphometric analyses detected statistically significant differentiation among host-associated populations; however, extensive overlap in diagnostic characters was observed, particularly between pear- and rowan-associated mites, indicating cryptic speciation. In contrast, mites associated with apple exhibited clearer morphological differentiation consistent with molecular clustering. Our results demonstrate that leaf blister mites associated with rosaceous hosts represent a complex of distinct, host-specialized species. These findings highlight the limitations of morphology-based taxonomy in Eriophyoidea and underscore the need for integrative approaches to accurate species delimitation, with important implications for vector identification and improved pest management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"97 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13310826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148344332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First description of the complete mitochondrial genomes of the species Amblyomma humerale and Amblyomma geayi (Acari: Ixodidae), Amazon, Pará, Brazil.","authors":"Lucas Henrique da Silva E Silva, Fábio Silva da Silva, Sandro Patroca da Silva, Paulo Henrique Gomes de Castro, Anita Roberta Stone, Leonardo Henrique Almeida Hernández, Daniel Damous Dias, Sâmia Luzia Sena da Silva, Lucia Aline Moura Reis, Hanna Carolina Farias Reis, Liliane Leal das Chagas, Tania Cristina Alves da Silveira da Cunha, Flávio Rodrigues da Costa, Bruno Tardelli Diniz Nunes, Bruna Laís Sena do Nascimento, Roberto Carlos Feitosa Brandão, Durval Bertram Rodrigues Vieira, Lívia Caricio Martins, Ana Cecília Ribeiro Cruz, Joaquim Pinto Nunes Neto","doi":"10.1007/s10493-026-01151-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-026-01151-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus Amblyomma koch, 1844 contains approximately 138 species, which are mainly distributed in the Afrotropical, Oriental, Neotropical and Australasian zoogeographic regions. This is an important group of arthropod vectors responsible for transmitting a wide range of etiological agents that cause infections and diseases in humans and animals, and is therefore of great interest to public and veterinary health.This study describes and characterizes, for the first time, the complete mitochondrial genomes of the species Amblyomma humerale and Amblyomma geayi. The obtained sequences presented a circular molecule structured in 37 functional subunits with 13 Protein-Coding Genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNA (rRNAs), two replication control regions, and two regions called \"Tick-box\". The phylogeny reconstructed using the maximum likelihood method, based on the 13 concatenated PCGs, produced a monophyletic group for the genus Amblyomma, including the investigated sequences. A. humerale and A. geayi were grouped into the clades formed by the subgenera Walkeriana and Anastosiella, respectively. By integrating complete sequences, the approach adopted expands the number of comparable characters, reduces biases associated with the use of isolated mitochondrial markers, and contributes to better statistical support for the recovered nodes, resulting in more stable and interpretable phylogenetic topologies. The data and information generated in this study can contribute to future taxonomic and evolutionary research on the genus Amblyomma.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"97 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13294308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148307636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of food resources and prey egg age on the predatory efficiency of phytoseiid mites associated with cashew.","authors":"Luana Lima Melo, Josiane P De Alfaia, João M R Costa, Antônio de A P Neto, Debora B Lima, José W S Melo","doi":"10.1007/s10493-026-01152-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-026-01152-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Under field conditions, predator-prey interactions can be modulated by the diverse availability and suitability of food resources, which diet type may alter biological and behavioral parameters of predators. Amblyseius largoensis and Euseius concordis are phytoseiid predatory mites identified as potential biological control agents for the giant whitefly, Aleurodicus cocois, a major pest of cashew trees. In the present study, we investigated how exclusive and mixed diets composed of Ricinus communis pollen, A. cocois eggs, and Tetranychus urticae (used for comparison, as it is a standard prey in phytoseiid predation analysis) affect oviposition and predation by A. largoensis and E. concordis. In addition, we examined the effect of A. cocois egg age on consumption and feeding preference by these predators. Both species exhibited higher oviposition rates when fed exclusively on pollen, whereas diets composed solely of T. urticae resulted in the lowest values. The presence of pollen did not affect the predation rate of A. cocois eggs, indicating that the availability of this alternative resource does not compromise predatory efficiency. The age of A. cocois eggs offered as food did not affect predator oviposition; however, in both choice and no-choice tests, A. largoensis and E. concordis preferentially consumed older eggs (> 48 h). These results demonstrate that pollen availability increases reproductive potential without reducing predation capacity and that prey egg age influences consumption dynamics, providing ecologically relevant insights for management strategies that integrate the conservation of floral resources and the use of these phytoseiid mites in the biological control of A. cocois in cashew production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13260276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148224170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterisation of emerging tacheng tick virus 2 in ticks collected from livestock and dogs in Türkiye.","authors":"Ender Dincer, Mehmet Ozkan Timurkan, Sebahattin Akca, Fatma Nur Yuce","doi":"10.1007/s10493-026-01149-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-026-01149-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of TcTV-2 in ticks collected from ecologically diverse regions of Türkiye. Between 2023 and 2024, ticks were collected from sheep, goats, cattle, and dogs across 14 provinces representing different ecological zones. A total of 1051 ticks have been collected and sorted into 10 different species. The most common ones were Haemaphysalis parva (26.4%), Rhipicephalus turanicus (23.7%), Dermacentor marginatus (11.6%), and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (8.1%), among others. The TcTV-2 RNA was detected in 15 (7.5%) of 199 tick pools using nRT-PCR. The virus was identified in pools consisting of the following species: Haemaphysalis punctata, Dermacentor marginatus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Haemaphysalis parva, Hyalomma marginatum, Rhipicephalus bursa, and Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum. The polyphyletic distribution of the Turkish isolates suggests that these strains do not originate from a single source; rather, they likely reflect multiple introduction events or the accumulation of genetic diversity through prolonged local circulation. In particular, the observation that some isolates are clearly separated from other Turkish sequences further supports the heterogeneous structure of the viral population within Türkiye. Our findings suggest that TcTV-2 may occur in a wider range of tick species and ecological regions in Türkiye; however, further temporal and evolutionary analyses are required to assess potential expansion dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13260118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148217281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inferior herbivorous competitors avoid traces of superior competitors to prevent losing competition.","authors":"Shiori Kinto, Shuichi Yano","doi":"10.1007/s10493-026-01150-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-026-01150-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Species sharing overlapping ecological niches are expected to experience unstable coexistence due to interspecific competition. Non-web-building Panonychus spider mites share host plant species with most web-building Tetranychus spider mites. Previous research demonstrated that Panonychus mites are hindered by the three-dimensional webs produced by Tetranychus species, and may experience competitive exclusion. In this study, fecundity of Panonychus citri was found to be reduced on leaves bearing Tetranychus kanzawai webs, indicating that the webs impose a fitness cost on P. citri. Such selective pressure would favor behaviors that allow Panonychus mites to avoid direct competition. Consistent with this prediction, migrating P. citri avoided T. kanzawai traces at a bifurcation, suggesting that they can detect and evade the presence of superior competitors. Moreover, P. citri avoided settling onto leaf surfaces with T. kanzawai traces including silk threads but no feces or eggs, indicating the ability to recognize competitor establishment from traces on the leaf. This study provides the first evidence that spider mite traces can have a repellent effect on competing heterospecific spider mites. In contrast, fecundity of T. kanzawai was not influenced by the presence of P. citri webs, and T. kanzawai did not avoided P. citri traces either at bifurcation or on leaf surfaces. These results suggest that only inferior competitors avoid encountering superior competitors to prevent the amensalistic competitive relationship between them.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13233938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148155823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}