Experimental and Applied Acarology最新文献

{"title":"Beauveria bassiana native strains affect the reproductive index of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks.","authors":"Jaime Alcalá-Gómez, Gabriela Alcalá-Gómez, Karol Georgina Balleza-Díaz Barriga, Ghierana de Jesus Vite-Méndez, Martha Reyes-Hernández","doi":"10.1007/s10493-024-00942-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-024-00942-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rhipicephalus microplus poses a significant economic threat due to its role in transmitting Babesia bigemina, B. bovis and Anaplasma marginale. Chemical control methods, commonly employed, encounter challenges like resistance, high costs, and environmental concerns. Emerging as an alternative, entomopathogenic fungi, particularly Beauveria bassiana, present a promising avenue for biological control. Molecular identification using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8-ITS4) region ensures accurate species identification. This study investigated two B. bassiana strains, assessing their molecular characterization, impact on R. microplus mortality, and reproductive effects on adult females. The Reproductive Aptitude Index (RAI) is employed to evaluate tick egg viability post-treatment, providing insights into the potential of these fungi for tick control. Results indicate the BbLn2021-1 strain causes 96% mortality, and BbSf2021-1 induces 100% mortality. The commercial strain exhibited 28% mortality, while the control treatment showed 12%. Statistical analysis reveals a significant difference between treatments (p < 0.01). The Reproductive Efficiency Index (REI) underscores BbSf2021-1is superiority, yielding lower egg weights than other treatments. Regarding the RAI, BbLn2021-1 and BbSf2021-1 show no significant differences but differ significantly from the commercial and control (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that strains isolated and characterized from the natural environment could have potential applications in field trials, serving as a biocontrol alternative for R. microplus ticks.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":" ","pages":"485-496"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141558387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Eucalyptus globulus and Ferula assafoetida essential oils and their nanoformulations on the life table parameters of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae).","authors":"Moosa Saber, Batool Mokhtari","doi":"10.1007/s10493-024-00929-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-024-00929-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the most damaging pests of agricultural crops across the globe is the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. A wide variety of arthropods and plant pathogens can be controlled by essential oils, which are secondary metabolites produced by plants. It is possible to enhance the stability as well as the anti-pest efficiency of plant essential oils by encapsulation. Water distillation was used to extract the essential oils from Eucalyptus globulus and Ferula assafoetida. The chitosan nanoparticles were used to load both essential oils into nanoformulations. Studies were conducted on T. urticae life table characteristics under experimental circumstances to determine the sublethal impacts of essential oils and their nanoformulations. Intrinsic growth rate (r) for population exposed to E. globulus, F. assafoetida essential oils, their nanoformulations and the control were 0.1, 0.069, 0.051, 0.018 and 0.21 per day, respectively. F. assafoetida and E. globulus nanoformulations resulted the lowest fecundity compared to the other treatments. According the result of the lethal and sublethal effects of purified essential oils and nanoformulations of F. assafoetida and E. globulus, they would be recommended for controlling the two-spotted spider mites, T. urticae.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":" ","pages":"297-315"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141310433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Rickettsia and host records for argasid ticks, including Alveonasus cooleyi, on wild mammals in Baja California, Mexico.","authors":"Andrés M López-Pérez, Laura Backus, Lorenza Beati, Hans Klompen, Francesca Rubino, Janet Foley","doi":"10.1007/s10493-024-00935-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-024-00935-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We conducted surveillance of mammals to investigate their associations with argasid ticks and tick-borne pathogens. During 2021, a total of 20 wild carnivores and 57 lagomorphs were sampled, and 39 argasid ticks belonging to two species were collected. All mammals and ticks were tested by molecular assays to detect Borrelia and Rickettsia infections. Nine ticks identified as Otobius megnini were collected from two coyotes (Canis latrans) and 30 Alveonasus cooleyi (McIvor 1941) were collected from six bobcats (Lynx rufus) and one rabbit (Sylvilagus auduboni). We detected Rickettsia spp. DNA in 21 of the 27 (77.8%) tested Av. cooleyi and none of the O. megnini. No ticks were PCR-positive for borreliae and all mammals were PCR-negative for both pathogen genera. Phylogenetic analysis based on gltA, htrA, and 16 S rRNA targets revealed that all rickettsiae from Av. cooleyi clustered with ancestral group rickettsiae, likely representing a novel species of possibly endosymbiotic Rickettsia. The significance of Av. cooleyi and the newly identified Rickettsia sp. to the health of wildlife is unknown, and further work is indicated to determine whether they may be relevant to public health or carnivore conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":" ","pages":"459-472"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141418464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial pathogens in Ixodes ricinus collected from lizards Lacerta agilis and Zootoca vivipara in urban areas of Wrocław, SW Poland- preliminary study.","authors":"Dagmara Dyczko, Alicja Krysmann, Aleksandra Kolanek, Bartosz Borczyk, Dorota Kiewra","doi":"10.1007/s10493-024-00927-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-024-00927-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to determine the level of infection of Ixodes ricinus ticks with pathogens (Borrelia spp., Rickettsia spp., and Anaplasma spp.) collected from Lacerta agilis and Zootoca vivipara lizards in the urban areas of Wrocław (SW Poland). The study was carried out in July-August 2020. Lizards were caught by a noose attached to a pole or by bare hands, identified by species, and examined for the presence of ticks. Each lizard was then released at the site of capture. Ticks were removed with tweezers, identified by species using keys, and molecular tests were performed for the presence of pathogens. From 28 lizards (17 specimens of Z. vivipara and 11 specimens of L. agilis) a total of 445 ticks, including 321 larvae and 124 nymphs, identified as I. ricinus were collected. A larger number of ticks were obtained from L. agilis compared to Z. vivipara. Molecular tests for the presence of pathogens were performed on 445 specimens of I. ricinus. The nested PCR method for the fla gene allowed the detection of Borrelia spp. in 9.4% of ticks, and it was higher in ticks from L. agilis (12.0%) than from Z. vivipara (1.0%). The RFLP method showed the presence of three species, including two belonging to the B. burgdorferi s.l. complex (B. lusitaniae and B. afzelii), and B. miyamotoi. The overall level of infection of Rickettsia spp. was 19.3%, including 27.2% in ticks collected from Z. vivipara and 17.0% from L. agilis. Sequencing of randomly selected samples confirmed the presence of R. helvetica. DNA of Anaplasma spp. was detected only in one pool of larvae collected from L. agilis, and sample sequencing confirmed the presence of (A) phagocytophilum. The research results indicate the important role of lizards as hosts of ticks and their role in maintaining pathogens in the environment including urban agglomeration as evidenced by the first recorded presence of (B) miyamotoi and (A) phagocytophilum in I. ricinus ticks collected from L. agilis. However, confirmation of the role of sand lizards in maintaining (B) miyamotoi and A. phagocytophilum requires more studies and sampling of lizard tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":" ","pages":"409-420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11269471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141310429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ticks and spirochetes of the genus Borrelia in urban areas of Central-Western Poland.","authors":"Olaf Ciebiera, Renata Grochowalska, Andżelina Łopińska, Piotr Zduniak, Tomasz Strzała, Leszek Jerzak","doi":"10.1007/s10493-024-00932-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-024-00932-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the extensive use of green urban areas as recreation places, city residents are exposed to tick-borne pathogens. The objectives of our study were (i) to determine the occurrence of ticks in urban green areas, focussing on areas used by humans such as parks, schools and kindergartens, and urban forests, and (ii) to assess the prevalence of Borrelia infections in ticks in Zielona Góra, a medium-sized city in western Poland. A total of 161 ticks representing the two species Ixodes ricinus (34 males, 51 females, 30 nymphs) and Dermacentor reticulatus (20 males, 26 females) were collected from 29 of 72 (40.3%) study sites. In total, 26.1% of the ticks (85.7% of I. ricinus and 14.3% of D. reticulatus) yielded DNA of Borrelia. The difference in the infection rate between I. ricinus and D. reticulatus was significant. Among infected ticks, the most frequent spirochete species were B. lusitaniae (50.0%) and B. afzelii (26.2%), followed by B. spielmanii (9.5%), B. valaisiana (7.1%), B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, (4.8%) and B. miyamotoi (2.4%). No co-infections were found. We did not observe a correlation in the occurrence of Borrelia spirochetes in ticks found in individual study sites that differed in terms of habitat type and height of vegetation. Our findings demonstrate that the Borrelia transmission cycles are active within urban habitats, pointing the need for monitoring of tick-borne pathogens in public green areas. They could serve as guidelines for authorities for the proper management of urban green spaces in a way that may limit tick populations and the potential health risks posed by tick-borne pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":" ","pages":"421-437"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11269503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141467186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residual effect of commonly used fungicides in strawberries on Amblyseius swirskii, Neoseiulus cucumeris, and Neoseiulus californicus (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae).","authors":"Allan Busuulwa, Alexandra M Revynthi, Oscar E Liburd, Sriyanka Lahiri","doi":"10.1007/s10493-024-00928-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-024-00928-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Florida's strawberry industry is currently valued at $511 million annually but faces challenges from pathogens and arthropod pests especially Tetranychus urticae Koch (twospotted spider mite) and Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (chilli thrips). Predatory mites, particularly Neoseiulus cucumeris Oudemans, Neoseiulus californicus McGregor, and Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, play a crucial role in pest management. However, there are concerns regarding how these biological control agents are affected by fungicides used in current pathogen management strategies. This study assessed the residual effects of commonly used fungicides in strawberries on the survival, feeding, and oviposition of these predatory mites. Commercially sourced predatory mites were reared on S. dorsalis larvae, and gravid female predators placed on fungicide treated strawberry leaf discs in a Munger cell for 120 h. Fungicides tested included two formulations of Captan, hydrogen peroxide + peroxyacetic acid, cyprodinil + fludioxonil, tetramethylthiuram disulfide, cyflufenamid and a control. All fungicides tested had an impact on the survival, feeding, and oviposition of the predators. Among the fungicide treatments, the lowest predator survival was observed in the cyprodinil + fludioxonil treatment, while the highest was observed in the hydrogen peroxide + peroxyacetic acid and tetramethylthiuram disulfide treatments. In all treatments, feeding and oviposition greatly varied among predators; specifically, N. cucumeris and A. swirskii had the lowest prey consumption, while N. californicus had the highest. These findings highlight the potential incompatibility between fungicides and predatory mites and demonstrate the need for the development of a fungicide rotation program tailored to the different susceptibilities of predators to fungicides.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":" ","pages":"253-272"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11269389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141310435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and immunological studies on Theileria equi and its vector in Egypt.","authors":"Reem M Ramadan, Noha Madbouly Taha, Hend M Auda, Eslam M Elsamman, Mohamed M El-Bahy, Mai A Salem","doi":"10.1007/s10493-024-00933-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-024-00933-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Equine piroplasmosis is not fully understood regarding pathogenicity, prophylaxis, host immune response expression, and specific vectors. Accurately identifying the parasite vector is crucial for developing an effective control plan for a particular infection. This study focused on morphologically identifying two Hyalomma species (H. anatolicum and H. marginatum) and one Rhipicephalus annulatus (R. annulatus) at the species level. The identification process was followed by phylogenetic analysis using the neighbor-joining method based on the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COXI) gene as a specific vector for Theileria equi (T. equi) in horses. T. equi was diagnosed morphologically and molecularly from infected blood samples and crushed tick species using conventional PCR. Subsequently, phylogenetic analysis based on the amplification of the 18 S rRNA gene was conducted. The obtained sequence data were evaluated and registered in GenBank under accession numbers OR064161, OR067911, OR187727, and OR068139, representing the three tick species and the isolated T. equi, respectively. The study demonstrated that T. equi infection leads to immune system suppression by significantly increasing the levels of oxidative stress markers (CAT, GPx, MDA, and SOD) (P ≤ 0.0001), with this elevation being directly proportional to parasitemia levels in infected blood cells. Furthermore, a correlation was observed between parasitemia levels and the expression of immune response infection genes (IFN-gamma, TGF-β1, and IL-1β cytokines) in infected horses compared to non-infected equine. Common macroscopic symptoms indicating T. equi infection in horses include intermittent fever, enlarged lymph nodes (LN), and tick infestation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":" ","pages":"439-458"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11269342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141534007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of agroecological practices on Phytoseiidae communities in a vineyard of South of France: effect of covercrops and agroforestry.","authors":"L Tabary, D Navia, R Steele, M Douin, M-S Tixier","doi":"10.1007/s10493-024-00938-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-024-00938-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Viticulture is characterized by substantial pesticide applications, impacting natural enemies. New pest control strategies and management of plant diversity into agrosystems acting as reservoirs of natural enemies are assumed to limit pesticide use. Various studies support this hypothesis but gaps exist on the effect of diversification on Phytoseiidae mites, generalist predators reported as prevalent and efficient natural enemies in vineyards. This study focuses on the effect of cover crop management (no cover crop, spontaneous cover crops with or without agroforestry) and grape variety (resistant cv. Artaban and cv. Syrah) on predatory mites and prey communities, in a newly planted experimental vineyard in South-East France. Samplings were carried out three times a year on vine, cover crops, and co-planted trees. Phytoseiidae, Tydeiidae, Eriophyidae mites and thrips were characterized. Nine Phytoseiidae species were identified on vine, the main ones being Kampimodromus aberrans, Typhlodromus exhilaratus, Phytoseius finitimus and Euseius gallicus. Kampimodromus aberrans was prevalent on the cv. Syrah, highlighting a strong effect of variety. The low unexpected effect of system management observed outcome could be due to several factors, such as the experimental plot size or the influence of vine stress on Phytoseiidae communities in vines with cover crops. All phytoseiid species present on vine were identifed at least once on cover crops and co-planted trees, suggesting their potential role as reservoirs. Further studies should be performed investigating the evolution of communities in this newly-planted experimental system, as well as potential differences in trophic network interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":" ","pages":"369-395"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141450213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The species, density, and intra-plant distribution of mites on red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.).","authors":"Jiunn Luh Tan, Nina Trandem, Zhibo Hamborg, Bijaya Sapkota, Dag-Ragnar Blystad, Jana Fránová, Rostislav Zemek","doi":"10.1007/s10493-024-00930-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-024-00930-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The adoption of the European Green Deal will limit acaricide use in high value crops like raspberry, to be replaced by biological control and other alternative strategies. More basic knowledge on mites in such crops is then necessary, like species, density, and their role as vectors of plant diseases. This study had four aims, focusing on raspberry leaves at northern altitude: (1) identify mite species; (2) study mite population densities; (3) investigate mite intra-plant distribution; (4) investigate co-occurrence of phytophagous mites, raspberry leaf blotch disorder and raspberry leaf blotch virus (RLBV). Four sites in south-eastern Norway were sampled five times. Floricanes from different parts of the sites were collected, taking one leaf from each of the upper, middle, and bottom zones of the cane. Mites were extracted with a washing technique and processed for species identification and RLBV detection. Mites and leaves were tested for RLBV by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with virus-specific primers. Phytophagous mites, Phyllocoptes gracilis, Tetranychus urticae, and Neotetranychus rubi, and predatory mites, Anystis baccarum and Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) pyri were identified. All phytophagous mites in cultivated raspberry preferred the upper zone of floricanes, while in non-cultivated raspberry, they preferred the middle zone. The presence of phytophagous mites did not lead to raspberry leaf blotch disorder during this study. RLBV was detected in 1.3% of the sampled plants, none of them with leaf blotch symptoms, and in 4.3% of P. gracilis samples, and in some spider mite samples, implying that Tetranychids could also be vectors of RLBV.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":" ","pages":"317-337"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11269358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141467185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of synergism in combinations of essential oils against cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)","authors":"Lalnunpari Vangchhia, Jyoti ., Harkirat Singh, Vinod Kumar Dumka, Nirbhay K. Singh","doi":"10.1007/s10493-024-00937-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-024-00937-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i> (Acari: Ixodidae) is a highly invasive tick responsible for significant economic losses to cattle industry worldwide. The increasing global reports on acaricide resistant tick populations warrant development of alternate eco-friendly approaches for suppressing the tick populations and vectored pathogens. The present study aimed to evaluate the acaricidal activity of essential oils (EOs): Cedar oil (CO), Garlic oil (GO), Peppermint oil (PO) and their combinations against <i>R. microplus</i> by larval packet test. Six concentrations each of individual EOs and their combinations (10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625 and 0.31%) were evaluated. The lethal concentrations (LC) of individual EOs and their combinations along with values of Combination Index (CI) and Dose Reduction Index (DRI) were estimated to assess the effects of interactions (synergistic, additive or antagonistic) of EO mixtures. Among the individual oils, GO showed the highest efficacy with lowest LC₅₀, LC₉₀ and LC₉₅ (95% CL) values at 2.19% (1.96–2.43%), 4.00% (3.48–4.98%) and 4.74% (4.01–6.23%), respectively. Among combinations, highest acaricidal property was exhibited by GO + PO (LC₅₀, LC₉₀ and LC₉₅ values of 2.63, 4.87 and 5.81%) with CI value of 0.598 indicating moderate synergism, while the CO + GO + PO combination (LC₅₀, LC₉₀ and LC₉₅ values of 1.67, 9.97 and 16.54%) exhibited slight synergism with CI value at 0.872 and favourable DRI of 8.24, 1.85 and 4.76 for PO, GO and CO, respectively. The present study seems to be pioneer to assess the combination effect of these EOs against <i>R. microplus</i> and could help in development of an effective and eco-friendly product for tick control.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141515871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}