Experimental and Applied Acarology最新文献

{"title":"Assembly processes and ecological network patterns of multitrophic soil mite communities in karst primary forests.","authors":"Qiang Wei, Yuanyuan Zhou, Yan Shen, Yifan Fei, Xiaoxi Lyu, Hua Xiao, Dayun Zhu, Hu Chen, Cai Cheng","doi":"10.1007/s10493-026-01180-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-026-01180-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multitrophic interactions are essential for understanding the mechanisms that sustain the local coexistence of diverse soil organisms. Although stable-isotope evidence has revealed clear trophic niche differentiation among mites, co-occurrence network patterns and assembly mechanisms across trophic groups remain poorly understood. Here, we conducted a comprehensive survey of soil mites across four forest types along an elevational gradient in the Shibing World Natural Heritage Site. We aimed to elucidate the community assembly processes and ecological network complexity of predators, fungal feeders, and primary decomposers. Our results showed that community assembly processes differed among trophic groups. The assembly of fungal feeders and predators shifted from deterministic to stochastic dominance along the elevational gradient, whereas primary decomposer mites were predominantly structured by stochastic processes. Multitrophic co-occurrence networks were consistently dominated by positive associations. The α-diversity of predators showed a strong positive correlation with that of fungal feeders, and their network complexities showed a similarly positive association. Structural equation modeling indicated that mite diversity was the primary direct driver of network complexity, whereas spatial and soil attributes influenced network complexity mainly through trophic-specific indirect pathways involving diversity. These findings indicate that mite community assembly arises from the interplay between deterministic and stochastic processes, with the relative importance of these processes differing among trophic groups and along the elevational gradient. Widespread positive co-occurrence associations, potentially reflecting niche complementarity or shared habitat preferences, may further contribute to species coexistence in soil communities. In summary, our study underscores the potential importance of multitrophic mite networks in maintaining belowground biodiversity and trophic organization in karst ecosystems and provides ecological insights into belowground community assembly processes in primary karst forests.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"97 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148789901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When the hive speaks: detecting Varroa destructor infestation in honey bees through acoustic biomarkers and machine learning.","authors":"Berkant İsmail Yıldız, Kemal Karabağ","doi":"10.1007/s10493-026-01179-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-026-01179-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies are essential for agricultural production and ecosystem services but are increasingly threatened by multiple stressors, particularly the parasitic mite Varroa destructor, one of the major causes of global colony losses. Early and reliable detection of infestations is therefore critical for effective colony management. In this study, we investigated continuous hive acoustics as a non-invasive approach for the early detection of Varroa infestations. Approximately 960,000 timestamped acoustic recordings were collected from 53 colonies, of which only recordings temporally matched to available Varroa assessments (May-August 2020) were retained for model development. Each recording was temporally aligned with field-based Varroa measurements, and classification models were developed using 19 acoustic features derived from frequency bands and signal intensity. Among the tested algorithms, Random Forest achieved the highest performance (accuracy: 89.7%, AUC: 0.964), followed by XGBoost (82.4%, 0.908) and LightGBM (77.0%, 0.866). Permutation importance analysis revealed that low- to mid-frequency components, particularly within the 122-396 Hz range, served as sensitive acoustic indicators of Varroa presence. These findings demonstrate that hive acoustics capture biologically meaningful acoustic signatures associated with Varroa infestation status and highlight their potential as a scalable, non-invasive decision-support tool for early detection and improved colony management in apiculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"97 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148789878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of population size and sex ratio on reproduction, sex-specific survival, and population growth in spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch.","authors":"Peng Zhou, Yujie Zhang, Xiong Zhao He, Chunyun Huang, Qianqian Wu, Xinyue Wang, Jiahao Li, Chen Chen","doi":"10.1007/s10493-026-01176-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-026-01176-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Population size and sex ratio are fundamental components of the social environment. Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a globally significant invasive pest, infesting a wide range of economically important agricultural crops. Understanding how population size and sex ratio affect individual fitness and population growth of T. urticae provides crucial insight into population dynamics and management. Here, we tested the influence of population size and sex ratio on reproduction, longevity, and life table parameters in T. urticae. We set up a factorial design with three population sizes and three sex ratios yielding nine combination treatments. Results showed that females in larger populations had greater fecundity and longer lives; however, sex ratio had no significant effect on female fecundity and longevity. In addition, females in larger population sizes had a higher net reproductive rate, a higher intrinsic rate of natural increase, and a shorter population doubling time, suggesting that control strategies should focus on proactive treatments to keep population sizes small to suppress population growth. Offspring survival rate was positively affected by parental population size but negatively affected by offspring population density. In contrast to females, males in larger and male-biased populations had significantly shorter longevity. The findings from this study advance our understanding of how population size and sex ratio shape spider mite life history traits and population dynamics, offering insights for population management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"97 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148701030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biology, life table and predatory potential of the green lacewing, Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on tea red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae (Acari: Tetranychidae).","authors":"Nagaraj Santhana Bharathi, Krishnaswamy Sujatha, Bhabesh Deka, Thattante Parambil Rabeesh, Azariah Babu","doi":"10.1007/s10493-026-01166-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-026-01166-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The tea red spider mite Oligonychus coffeae, is considered as important dry weather pest which accounts for almost 8-17% crop loss in South Indian tea plantations. The green lacewing Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi is one of the prominent predators of soft bodied insects of different agro-ecosystems, including tea. However, the data on biology and life table parameters of this predator on tea red spider mite are limited and hence the current study was undertaken on the biology and life table parameters of C. z. sillemi at three temperature regimes (20 °C, 25 °C and 30 °C) under laboratory conditions. Furthermore, its biocontrol potential was evaluated under field conditions for two seasons. During the study, the eggs, larvae and adults were collected from UPASI Experimental Farm and the taxonomic determination was ascertained through COI gene sequencing. The biological parameters such as duration of oviposition, mean fecundity, percentage hatchability of eggs, duration of larval development and longevity of adults were significantly optimum at 20 °C, among the three temperature regimes tested. The intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase and weekly multiplication rate were higher at 30 °C, followed by 25 °C and 20 °C. The net reproductive rate of the female and gross reproduction rate were found to be the maximum at 25 °C followed by 30 °C and 20 °C. The results obtained from the field evaluations also showed a significant reduction in the O. coffeae population below ETL (Economic threshold level) level in the bio-control plot (T₁) with reduction percentages of 86.85 and 76.42 in season-I and season-II, respectively, on the 7th day after the second release. By the end of the field study (on the 21st day), the bio-control plot (T₁) had the highest reduction percentage of 77.95 and 78.48 compared to other treatments in both the seasons. The cost economics analysis done based on the field trials conducted indicated that, incorporation of bio-control methods would significantly reduce the costs of red spider mite control lower to the tune of 38.49% compared to standard estate practice. These findings can enhance Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs for effective management of in the red spider mite in tea gardens.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"97 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148600774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative demography of Tetranychus urticae on cotton varieties using the age-stage, two-sex life table approach.","authors":"Md Asif Helal, Israt Jahan Oishee, Md Liton Pk, Mst Nishat Lubna, Md Munem Shariar Rahman, Mohammad Shaef Ullah, Md Nizam Uddin","doi":"10.1007/s10493-026-01161-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-026-01161-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), is a major constraint to cotton production worldwide. The age-stage, two-sex life table approach provides a comprehensive assessment of arthropod population dynamics by incorporating stage differentiation, variable developmental rates, and the contribution of both sexes to population growth. This method provides more accurate estimates of demographic parameters and host suitability than conventional female-based life tables. Yet comparative demographic responses of T. urticae to cotton varieties remain insufficiently characterized in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study evaluated the life-history traits and population dynamics of T. urticae on five cotton varieties (CB-12, CB-14, CB-15, HC-1, and M-1) using the age-stage, two-sex life table approach under controlled laboratory conditions. The host plant significantly influenced development, reproduction, and demographic parameters. Development from egg to adult ranged from 14.92 days on M-1 to 16.34 days on CB-14. Fecundity was highest on CB-15 (72.38 eggs female^-1) and CB-14 (71.16 eggs female^-1), and lowest on CB-12 (42.31 eggs female^-1) and HC-1 (43.13 eggs female^-1), indicating substantial variation in host suitability. The intrinsic rate of increase (rₘ) and finite rate of increase (λ) of T. urticae were greatest on M-1 (0.1694 and 1.1846 day⁻¹, respectively), followed by CB-15 (0.1557 and 1.1685 day^-1), reflecting faster population growth on these varieties. In contrast, CB-12 and HC-1 consistently exhibited reduced fecundity and lower population growth potential (r_m = 0.1487 and 0.1474 day^-1, respectively). The net reproductive rate (R₀) of T. urticae showed similar trends, being highest on CB-15 (49.98 offspring female^-1) and the lowest on HC-1 (27.85 offspring female^-1). M-1 and CB-15 were the most susceptible hosts for T. urticae, whereas CB-12 and HC-1 exhibited greater levels of resistance. These findings identify CB-12 and HC-1 as promising sources of host plant resistance and demonstrate the importance of varietal selection for sustainable management of T. urticae in cotton production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"97 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148600771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and associated factors of Anaplasma, Rickettsia, and Coxiella-related bacteria in ticks in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Pengcheng Bian, Wei Wei, Zhengyi Li, Lu An, Jingyi Wen, Rui Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10493-026-01169-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-026-01169-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) represent an increasing threat to human and animal health worldwide, with several bacterial pathogens detected in or maintained by tick populations. However, a comprehensive synthesis of the prevalence of Anaplasma, Rickettsia, and Coxiella-related bacteria and their associated factors in ticks in China remains limited. This study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of these pathogens and evaluate epidemiological and methodological factors associated with pathogen detection. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Six databases were searched for studies published between January 2000 and September 2025. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed using R to estimate pooled prevalence, and subgroup analyses were conducted to evaluate potential factors associated with pathogen detection. A total of 203 studies were included. The pooled prevalence of Anaplasma, Rickettsia, and Coxiella-related bacteria in ticks was 6%, 16%, and 9%, respectively. Subgroup analyses showed that region, pathogen species, tick species, and detection method were significantly associated with variation in reported prevalence. Regional patterns differed among the three bacterial groups, suggesting pathogen-specific geographic heterogeneity. For Anaplasma, Anaplasma ovis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum were predominant, and relatively high detection rates were observed in Haemaphysalis longicornis and Ixodes persulcatus. For Rickettsia, spotted fever group rickettsiae and Rickettsia raoultii were commonly detected, particularly in Dermacentor nuttalli and Dermacentor silvarum. Coxiella-related bacteria included pathogenic Coxiella burnetii, unspecified Coxiella spp., and Coxiella-like endosymbionts, which should be interpreted separately because of their different biological and epidemiological significance. Conventional PCR was the most widely used detection method. These findings highlight regional heterogeneity and distinct pathogen-tick species associations in tick-borne bacterial infections in China. Strengthening surveillance of frequently reported pathogen-tick combinations and standardized molecular diagnostics will improve early warning and control of tick-borne diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"97 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148577561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atlas of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Germany: 2nd data update with focus on introduced and rarely observed species.","authors":"Franz Rubel, Nina Król, Susanne Fischer, Cornelia Silaghi, Olaf Kahl","doi":"10.1007/s10493-026-01168-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-026-01168-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This atlas provides updated maps based on georeferenced tick locations of 22 species endemic in Germany, three regularly imported tick species and one species that was previously frequently imported into Germany. Thus, the current version of the atlas of ticks in Germany contains distribution maps for a total of 26 tick species with the following numbers of newly georeferenced tick locations: 1 Argas reflexus, 10 Carios vespertilionis, 3 Dermacentor marginatus, 53 Dermacentor reticulatus, 10 Haemaphysalis concinna, 7 Haemaphysalis punctata, 2 Hyalomma aegyptium, 111 Hyalomma marginatum, 39 Hyalomma rufipes, 2 Ixodes arboricola, 2 Ixodes crenulatus (syn. Ixodes canisuga), 27 Ixodes frontalis, 43 Ixodes hexagonus, 6 Ixodes lividus, 271 Ixodes ricinus, 1 Ixodes rugicollis, 5 Ixodes trianguliceps, 1 Ixodes uriae, 2 Ixodes ventalloi, 1 Ornithodoros maritimus, and 32 Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato. Ixodes inopinatus has been removed from the previously included species list because more recent studies have shown that these were misidentifications. The rabbit tick I. ventalloi, the argasid seabird tick O. maritimus and the formerly frequently imported tortoise tick Hy. aegyptium, however, have been included in the current atlas of ticks in Germany. In total, the digital dataset available for Germany is updated by 629 new tick locations. These records increase the number of tick species mapped in the federal state Saxony by six, those in Hamburg by five, those in Brandenburg by four, those in Schleswig-Holstein by three, those in Baden-Wuerttemberg, Bavaria and Thuringia by two each, and those in Bremen, Northrhine-Westphalia, Rhineland Palatinate and Saarland by one each. Of the 26 tick species ever detected in Germany, 21 were observed in the period 2001-present. Thus, the second data update of the atlas of ticks in Germany provides the most comprehensive digital dataset to date on the distribution of tick species in Germany.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"97 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13396030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148561138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic action of piperonyl butoxide with macrocyclic lactones in Rhipicephalus microplus.","authors":"Larissa Claudino Ferreira, Ana Maria Santos Lima, Jordania Oliveira Silva, Thais Ferreira Feitosa, Guilherme Marcondes Klafke, Vinícius Longo Ribeiro Vilela","doi":"10.1007/s10493-026-01164-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-026-01164-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Resistance of Rhipicephalus microplus to macrocyclic lactones represents a major challenge for the control of this ectoparasite, leading to substantial economic losses. The indiscriminate use of acaricides has resulted in increasingly resistant populations, highlighting the need for alternative control strategies and pharmacological approaches, such as the use of synergists to enhance acaricide efficacy against resistant ticks. This study evaluated the effect of piperonyl butoxide (PBO) as a synergist in modulating resistance to ivermectin, eprinomectin, and moxidectin in five tick populations from the semi-arid area of Northeast Brazil. Bioassays revealed widespread resistance, with variation in LC50 values among locations, likely reflecting differences in the intensity and frequency of macrocyclic lactone use and, consequently, differences in resistance intensity rather than evidence of distinct resistance mechanisms. The association of PBO with macrocyclic lactones resulted in significant synergism in the studied tick populations. A notable reduction in LC50 was observed in 3 out of 5 populations for ivermectin, 4 out of 5 populations for eprinomectin, and 3 out of 5 populations for moxidectin. Even in highly resistant populations to moxidectin, a marked decrease in LC50 was observed after PBO exposure. These results indicate a pharmacological interaction between PBO and macrocyclic lactones, consistent with a partial contribution of oxidative detoxification to the resistance phenotype. However, the absence of synergism in some populations and the persistence of high resistance levels suggest that additional mechanisms are also involved.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"97 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13391745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148561179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diel activity of adult taiga ticks Ixodes persulcatus in the north-western part of its range (Karelia, Russia).","authors":"S V Bugmyrin, V V Gorbach, A A Aleksandrov, L A Bespyatova, N A Lyutikova","doi":"10.1007/s10493-026-01153-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-026-01153-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The taiga tick Ixodes persulcatus (Schulze, 1930) (Acari, Ixodidae), widespread in the northern Palearctic, is the vector of dangerous human pathogens including tick-borne encephalitis virus. Knowledge of its ecology is important for minimising tick bite exposure risk. We studied the diel activity of male and female I. persulcatus in the north of the range (Karelia, Russian Federation) and tested its relationship with environmental factors including temperature, relative humidity and light intensity. The field experiment was conducted in May-June 2024. Cages with unfed adult ticks (males and females) were placed in three different biotopes, and their activity was assessed every two hours. Tick activity could be described by a bimodal curve, with a peak in the morning and in the evening. Diel activity rhythms were somewhat different in male and female ticks, with females questing longer than males. Relative humidity was the key determinant of questing duration. Weather changes accompanied by decreasing atmospheric pressure, as well as rain, reduced tick activity. The greatest tick bite exposure risk in Karelia is observed from mid-May to early June, when the temperature ranges from 10 °C to 20 °C and relative humidity exceeds 70%.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"97 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148535799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publisher Correction: Molecular characterisation of emerging tacheng tick virus 2 in ticks collected from livestock and dogs in Türkiye.","authors":"Ender Dincer, Mehmet Ozkan Timurkan, Sebahattin Akca, Fatma Nur Yuce","doi":"10.1007/s10493-026-01156-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-026-01156-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"97 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13388765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148548349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}