European Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Fruit and vegetable consumption, dietary and plasma carotenoids and risks of recurrence and progression in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.","authors":"Alina Vrieling, Joann Kiebach, Michiel Balvers, Katja K Aben, Antoine G van der Heijden, Ellen Kampman, Lambertus A Kiemeney","doi":"10.1007/s00394-026-04079-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-026-04079-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Fruit and vegetable consumption may decrease bladder cancer risk, but research on its relation to outcomes of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is scarce. We investigated the association of (changes in) pre- and postdiagnosis fruit and vegetable consumption, as well as postdiagnosis dietary and plasma carotenoids, with risks of recurrence and progression in patients with NMIBC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from patients with newly diagnosed NMIBC between 2014 and 2021 from the prospective multi-centre cohort UroLife was used. Patients reported prediagnosis diet (n = 1396), and diet at 3 and 15 months postdiagnosis (n = 1270). Plasma carotenoid concentrations were measured at 3 and 15 months postdiagnosis (n = 910). Multivariable proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to assess associations with risks of first recurrence, multiple recurrences, and progression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median follow-up time was 4.7 years, 466 patients had at least one recurrence, 139 had multiple recurrences, and 153 showed progression. Total fruit and vegetable consumption at 3 months postdiagnosis as well as pre-to-postdiagnosis increases in consumption were inversely associated with first recurrence risk (per 100 g/day: hazard ratio [HR] = 0.91, 95% confidence interval ([95%CI] 0.85-0.99 and HR = 0.90, 95%CI 0.81-0.99, respectively). Results were attenuated at 15 months after diagnosis. Total and individual dietary and plasma carotenoids were not associated with first recurrence risk. No associations with multiple recurrences and progression, and for prediagnosis fruit and vegetable consumption were found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher postdiagnosis fruit and vegetable consumption may have a beneficial role in NMIBC recurrence but not progression risk while no associations for dietary and plasma carotenoids were found.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"65 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13498472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148790104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between 39 dietary markers of ultra-processed food and incident depression: evidence from the prospective UK Biobank cohort study.","authors":"Annika Katja Blumenthal, Gerrit Eichner, Mathias Fasshauer, Nathalie Judith Eise","doi":"10.1007/s00394-026-04084-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-026-04084-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the association between the intake of markers of ultra-processed food (MUPs) and incident depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This population-based, prospective cohort study included 171,818 participants, who completed at least one Oxford WebQ. Cox proportional hazard regression models for incident depression were applied, incorporating the consumption of ten MUP categories and 39 specific MUPs, assessed as percentage of total food intake (%TFI), using penalised cubic splines. The hazard ratio (HR)-nadir was defined as the lowest HR on the %TFI axis and rescaled to 1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across an average follow-up duration of 10.7 years, 5424 cases of incident depression occurred. The MUP categories flavour, colouring agent, and sweetener were positively and dose-dependently (all linear P < 0.0001) associated with depression risk and the following HRs with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were observed as compared to the HR-nadir: flavour (40% vs. 5%TFI; HR (CI) 1.46 (1.29-1.64)), colouring agent (20% vs. 3%TFI; 1.49 (1.30-1.70)), and sweetener (20% vs. 0%TFI; 1.45 (1.32-1.58)). Of the remaining seven MUP categories, two (protein source, fibre) showed a significant U-shaped association and five (flavour enhancer, processing aid, modified starch, varieties of sugar, modified oil) no significant association. Major findings remained robust in various sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggest that only certain MUPs are associated with incident depression. These findings offer an initial framework for identifying MUPs that should be prioritised in interventions targeting ultra-processed food consumption and in future mechanistic research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"65 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13498484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148790076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of synbiotic, protein supplementation, and resistance training on inflammation, oxidative stress, and muscle strength in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a RCT triple-blinded study.","authors":"Marta Ferreira Bastos, Priscila Larcher Longo, Guilherme Eustáquio Furtado, Joselma Rodrigues Dos Santos, Ariana Tito Rodrigues, João Vitor Oliveira Carvalho, Adriana Machado Saldiba de Lima, Guilherme Carlos Brech, André Luis Lacerda Bachi, Marcelo Paes de Barros, Larissa Augusta de Sousa, Rodrigo Assunção de Oliveira, Carolina Rego Chaves Dias, Julia Maria D'Andrea Greve, Angelica Castilho Alonso","doi":"10.1007/s00394-026-04076-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-026-04076-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Population aging poses major challenges for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), particularly because inadequate protein intake, physical inactivity, and gut microbial dysbiosis may contribute to systemic oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation (inflammaging). The present study investigated the combined effects of protein supplementation (P), synbiotic plus protein supplementation (SP), and resistance training (RT) on physical performance, body composition, glycemic control, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in older adults with T2DM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomized, triple-blinded clinical trial included men aged ≥ 65 years with T2DM. Fifty-one participants were randomly allocated to one of three intervention groups: Control (n = 17), Protein (P; n = 17), or Synbiotic + Protein (SP; n = 17). Following withdrawals and losses to follow-up, 40 participants completed the intervention and were included in the final analyses (Control, n = 13; P, n = 13; SP, n = 14).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All groups showed improvements in physical performance and an enhanced redox balance, as indicated by higher uric acid levels (an endogenous antioxidant) and lower plasma iron concentrations. Although all groups exhibited increased activities of the muscle damage markers lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase, the Protein group demonstrated greater improvements in muscle strength, reduced insulin resistance, and lower oxidative damage associated with heme-iron species. Furthermore, the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-6 were elevated in the Protein group, which may reflect their physiological role in exercise-induced metabolic adaptation and energy homeostasis rather than a detrimental inflammatory response.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Protein supplementation combined with RT was associated with improvements in muscle strength, physical performance, insulin resistance, and selected biomarkers of oxidative stress. Under the conditions of the present study, the addition of synbiotic supplementation did not provide further benefits beyond those achieved with protein supplementation and resistance training alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"65 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13490251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148790071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between a healthy and sustainable diet based on the planetary health diet index (PHDI) and the odds of postmenopausal osteoporosis.","authors":"Paria Jadidi, Farid Zayeri, Behnood Abbasi","doi":"10.1007/s00394-026-04086-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-026-04086-5","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Osteoporosis is a widespread metabolic bone disorder among postmenopausal women and is characterized by reduced bone mineral density and an elevated risk of fractures. Beyond the role of individual nutrients in bone health, increasing attention has been paid to the broader implications of dietary patterns for environmental sustainability. Food production systems, particularly those heavily dependent on animal-based foods, are among the main contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, highlighting the need for dietary approaches that support both human health and environmental protection. In this context, the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) has been developed as an integrated measure of diet quality and sustainability, promoting plant-based foods and limiting environmentally intensive food sources. Accordingly, this study examined the association between adherence to the PHDI and the risk of osteoporosis among postmenopausal women in Tehran.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In this hospital-based case-control study, 440 postmenopausal women (220 cases and 220 controls) were recruited. Bone mineral density was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Dietary intake, demographic variables, and physical activity were assessed through validated questionnaires. Independent t-tests and multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), and total energy intake were conducted using SPSS version 27. Statistical significance was set at p &lt; 0.05.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 440 postmenopausal women (220 cases and 220 controls) were included in the study. Compared with controls, women with osteoporosis had significantly higher body weight (74.81 ± 11.92 vs. 71.01 ± 9.85 kg; p &lt; 0.001) and body mass index (29.09 ± 4.13 vs. 27.91 ± 5.47 kg/m²; p = 0.011), and lower physical activity levels (1531.86 ± 830.59 vs. 1967.24 ± 866.34 MET-min/week; p &lt; 0.001). In multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, BMI, total energy intake, alcohol consumption, and physical activity, higher PHDI scores were independently associated with lower odds of osteoporosis (adjusted OR = 0.923; 95% CI 0.905-0.941; p &lt; 0.001), corresponding to a 7.7% reduction in the odds of osteoporosis per one-unit increase in PHDI score. When PHDI was categorized into tertiles, and using the highest tertile as the reference group, women in the lowest and middle tertiles had significantly higher odds of osteoporosis after adjustment for confounders (adjusted OR = 12.42; 95% CI 6.70-23.04; P &lt; 0.001 and adjusted OR = 2.02; 95% CI 1.18-3.45; P = 0.011, respectively). The crude ORs for the lowest and middle tertiles were 12.66 (95% CI 12.10-13.22; P &lt; 0.001) and 1.92 (95% CI 1.43-2.41; P = 0.009), respectively, indicating that adjustment for confounders did not materially change the estimates.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;In this case-control study, greater adherence to the PHDI was asso","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"65 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148790057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women exhibit different thermoregulatory responses to meal and cold stimuli compared to men independently of energy expenditure and body composition.","authors":"Juan M A Alcantara, Pontus Henriksson, Ángel Herraiz-Adillo, Lucas Jurado-Fasoli, Francisco J Amaro-Gahete, Borja Martinez-Tellez, Jonatan R Ruiz","doi":"10.1007/s00394-026-04073-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-026-04073-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & aims: </strong>Meal-induced thermogenesis (MIT) and cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) are components of adaptive thermogenesis, both potential contributors to energy balance and body composition. This study examined sex differences in thermogenic and thermoregulatory responses to a meal and to cold exposure, and evaluated their associations with body composition in young adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-three adults (68% women) with valid MIT data, and forty-eight (63% women) with valid CIT data were included. Energy expenditure (EE) was assessed via indirect calorimetry during standardized meal and cold exposure tests. Body composition was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Skin temperature was continuously monitored using wireless sensors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EE increased after both meal intake and cold exposure (both P < 0.01) in men and women. During MIT, women exhibited higher mean and proximal skin temperatures than men (P < 0.04). Similar differences were observed during CIT (P < 0.03). MIT and CIT were not associated with body composition parameters (all P > 0.05). CIT was positively associated with supraclavicular skin temperature (R² = 0.21, β = 0.32, P = 0.05), while no associations were observed for MIT and skin temperature (all P > 0.10).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite similar EE during MIT and CIT, women show higher skin temperatures during both tests, suggesting greater thermoregulatory efficiency. Supraclavicular skin temperature may serve as a non-invasive physiological indicator of CIT.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"65 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148701170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exploratory analysis of the associations of human milk oligosaccharides and N-/O-glycans with infectious and allergic outcomes in the first year of life: the Japanese Human Milk Study Cohort.","authors":"Yuta Tsujimori, Toshiyuki Yamaguchi, Yasuhiro Toba, Hirofumi Fukudome, Fumihiko Sakai, Hiroshi M Ueno, Satoshi Higurashi","doi":"10.1007/s00394-026-04074-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-026-04074-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This exploratory study examined the associations of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and N-/O-glycans in human milk with infectious and allergic outcomes during infancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study included 200 Japanese mother-infant dyads selected from the Japanese Human Milk Study Cohort. Human milk samples were collected at 1-2 months postpartum, and 11 HMOs and 28 N-/O-glycans were measured. HMOs were measured as absolute concentrations, whereas N-/O-glycans were expressed as relative abundances based on normalized LC-MS signal intensity. Infant histories of infections and allergies during the first year of life were assessed using self-administered questionnaires. Associations between milk glycan components and infant health outcomes were evaluated using Firth's penalized likelihood logistic regression. To aid interpretation of multiple glycan-outcome comparisons, q values were calculated within each outcome at each step of the hierarchical analysis using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure for controlling the false discovery rate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Firth logistic regression analyses, several milk glycans showed nominal associations with infectious or allergic outcomes. Total sialic acid, disialylated N-glycans (N51 and N57), and 6'-sialyllactose showed nominal associations with lower odds of bronchitis, whereas total HMO showed a nominal association with higher odds of otitis media. However, no individual HMO showed a nominal association with this outcome. For food allergy, 3-fucosyllactose, lacto-N-fucopentaose II, and fucosyl-sialyl O-glycan (O24) showed nominal associations with lower odds, whereas 2'-fucosyllactose showed a nominal association with higher odds in the overall analysis. However, all infants who developed food allergy were born to secretor mothers, and several food allergy findings were attenuated in the analysis restricted to secretor mothers. For atopic dermatitis, high-mannose-type N-glycans, particularly N12 and N33, showed nominal associations with higher odds. No glycan-outcome association had a q value below 0.05 within each outcome and step of the hierarchical analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Several human milk glycans showed nominal associations with infectious or allergic outcomes during infancy. However, none had a q value below 0.05 after false discovery rate correction. These findings should be interpreted as exploratory and hypothesis-generating and require validation in larger independent cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"65 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13451480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148683932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to a Chinese planetary health diet, environmental impacts, and all-cause mortality risk: a prospective cohort study from the China Health and Nutrition Survey.","authors":"Jialin Lu, Wenting Wang, Tianyou Peng, Yue Zhou, Peishan Tan, Mengfan Shen, Lu Tang, Jingtong Liang, Baiyang Chen, Dan Li, Aiping Fang","doi":"10.1007/s00394-026-04078-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-026-04078-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We aimed to develop a culturally specific Chinese Planetary Health Diet Score (CPHDS) and to evaluate its associations with environmental footprints and all-cause mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We constructed a 14-component CPHDS (range 0-140) based on the 2019 EAT-Lancet Commission recommendations, the latest Chinese Dietary Guidelines, and existing dietary scoring frameworks, while incorporating adaptations specific to Chinese dietary practices and nutritional characteristics. Using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1991-2015), we included 19,660 adults without cardiovascular disease or cancer at baseline. Dietary intake was repeatedly assessed using three consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls, and mortality data were collected through household surveys. Linear mixed-effects models and time-varying Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the associations of the CPHDS with diet-related environmental impacts and all-cause mortality, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean CPHDS was 50.3 (SD 11.3) points. A higher CPHDS was associated with reduced greenhouse gas emissions [β _{per 10% increase in score}: - 0.039 (- 0.042, - 0.037) kg CO₂ equivalent], water use [- 0.106 (- 0.109, - 0.103) m³], and land use [- 0.173 (- 0.177, - 0.169) m²]. Over a median follow-up of 9.1 (interquartile range, IQR: 4.1, 18.0) years, 1654 deaths were recorded. Compared with participants in the lowest quartile, those in the highest CPHDS quartile showed a 14% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.86; 95% CI 0.75, 0.99; P for trend = 0.044). Each 10% increment in CPHDS was associated with a 7% lower mortality risk (HR = 0.93; 95% CI 0.88, 0.98).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Greater adherence to the Chinese Planetary Health Diet was associated with reduced diet-related environmental burdens and a lower risk of all-cause mortality in Chinese adults, supporting the potential relevance of a culturally adapted planetary health diet framework for promoting both environmental sustainability and population health for China.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"65 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148677416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between dietary vitamin K1 and K2 intake and incident dementia: findings from the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort.","authors":"Negar Ghasemifard, Marc Sim, Pratik Pokharel, Chengfeng Li, Allan Linneberg, Anne Ahrendt Bjerregaard, Anja Olsen, Christina C Dahm, Simone Radavelli-Bagatini, Simon M Laws, Joshua R Lewis, Jonathan M Hodgson, Nicola P Bondonno","doi":"10.1007/s00394-026-04081-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-026-04081-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Vitamin K is hypothesised to support vascular integrity and neuronal function through vitamin K-dependent proteins, yet epidemiological evidence for its role in dementia, particularly distinguishing vitamin K1 and K2, is limited. This aetiological study examined associations between dietary vitamin K1 and K2 with incident dementia in a large Danish cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 54,968 dementia-free participants (47.5% male, aged 50-65 years) from the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort (1993-1997) with dietary vitamin K1 (µg/day), and K2 (µg phylloquinone equivalent/day) intakes estimated from a 192-item food frequency questionnaire. Incident and early-onset dementia were identified through national registries. Cox proportional hazard models with restricted cubic splines estimated hazard ratios (HR) across quintiles of intake, adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, dietary factors, and prevalent comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a maximum of 28 years of follow-up (median [IQR]: 25.5 [16.1-26.5] years), 4802 (8.7%) participants developed dementia. Vitamin K1 intake showed an inverse association with dementia, with a 14% lower rate in quintile (Q) 5 versus Q1 (HR _Q5vsQ1 [95%CI]: 0.86 [0.78-0.93]). The association was stronger for early-onset dementia (< 65 years). In contrast, vitamin K2 intake was associated with higher dementia risk, whereby those with the highest intakes had 14% higher rate (HR_Q5vsQ1 [95%CI]: 1.14 [1.04-1.24]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher vitamin K1 intake was associated with lower dementia risk, while higher K2 intake was associated with higher risk. These associations may be confounded by dietary patterns and food sources associated with each vitamin form and warrant further investigations. Nevertheless, greater intake of vitamin K1-rich vegetables (e.g. spinach, cabbages, broccoli, etc.) as part of broader dietary patterns may be relevant to cognitive health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"65 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148677601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastrointestinal symptoms, faecal short-chain fatty acids and dietary intake in older adults: the Hordaland Health Study 3.","authors":"Tilde Martinsen, Caroline Jensen, Jan Gunnar Hatlebakk, Jørgen Valeur, Ottar Nygård, Gülen Arslan Lied","doi":"10.1007/s00394-026-04077-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-026-04077-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Ageing is associated with a decline in gastrointestinal (GI) functions, but data on GI symptoms in older adults remain limited. This study assessed the prevalence of GI symptoms, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and faecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in older adults, and associations between GI symptoms and faecal SCFAs, dietary intake, and BMI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>907 older adults (66-69 years, 50.7% females) from the community-based Hordaland Health Study 3 - Microbiota study were included. GI symptoms and IBS status were assessed by validated questionnaires (Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, Rome IV-criteria, IBS-Severity Scoring System), dietary intake by a 279-item food frequency questionnaire, and the concentration of SCFAs were measured from faecal samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>33.9% experienced at least one GI symptom, 16.4% reported IBS-like symptoms, and 5.0% had IBS according to Rome IV-criteria. Indigestion was the most common GI symptom (24.2%). Females had a higher total mean score of GI symptoms (p = 0.021), with higher frequencies of constipation (p = 0.006) and abdominal pain (p = 0.031), compared to males. Males had higher concentration of total faecal SCFAs (p = 0.004) and all major SCFAs compared to females. Total faecal SCFAs were negatively associated with constipation, independently of dietary fibre intake, total energy intake, sex and BMI (B =  - 0.006, 95% CI [- 0.009, - 0.004], p < 0.001). We observed a positive correlation between total faecal SCFA concentrations and diarrhoea (r = 0.072, p = 0.039) and looser stool consistency (r = 0.185, p < 0.001); however, these associations did not persist in the regression analyses. All GI symptoms positively correlated with increasing BMI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GI symptoms are common in older adults, and IBS is at least as prevalent as observed in the general adult population. Improving dietary habits and preventing overweight and obesity may reduce the risk of GI symptoms and improve gut health in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"65 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148677551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is inversely associated with hematologic inflammatory indices in adults seeking a weight loss dietary program: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Francesca Menichetti, Silvia Gallosti, Ramona De Amicis, Stefano Ravasenghi, Giovanni Fiorillo, Franca Criscuoli, Andrea Foppiani, Simona Bertoli, Alberto Battezzati, Alessandro Leone","doi":"10.1007/s00394-026-04075-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-026-04075-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low-grade systemic inflammation is a hallmark of excess adiposity and contributes to cardiometabolic risk. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been associated with reduced inflammation. However, evidence linking Mediterranean diet to composite inflammatory indices derived from routine blood tests is limited, particularly in individuals seeking weight loss interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 1,738 adults requesting a weight loss dietary program underwent anthropometric assessment, body composition evaluation, and fasting blood sampling. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the 14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). Hematologic inflammatory indices, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), and monocyte-to-HDL ratio (MHR), were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjustments for sex, age, BMI, body fat percentage, metabolic syndrome, smoking status, physical activity, education level, and marital status, each 1-point increase in MEDAS score was associated with lower NLR (β = - 0.065; 95% CI: - 0.102, - 0.028, p = 0.001), PLR (β = - 2.660; 95% CI: - 4.570, - 0.749, p = 0.006), SII (β = - 21.233; 95% CI: - 31.520, - 10.947, p < 0.001), SIRI (β = - 0.046; 95% CI: - 0.068, - 0.024, p < 0.001), and MHR (β = - 0.0002; 95% CI: - 0.0003, - 0.0001, p = 0.003), and with higher LMR (β = 0.078; 95% CI: 0.038, 0.117, p < 0.001), all reflecting a shift toward a more favorable inflammatory profile.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a more favorable inflammatory profile. These results support the role of the Mediterranean diet in modulating low-grade systemic inflammation in clinical nutrition settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"65 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148677542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}