European Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Gender differences in adolescent food preferences and their association with parent food preferences: data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS).","authors":"Xiyao Liu, Yujie Wen, Qianling Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03450-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03450-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Food preference is an important factor that affects one's eating behavior and dietary intake. Parent food preferences and food choices may influence children food preferences. This study is aimed to describe gender differences and time trends of Chinese adolescent food preferences and to explore the association between adolescent and their parent food preferences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data were drawn from four waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) conducted between 2006 and 2015. Participants were asked to indicate their degree of preferences for five food categories (fast food, salty snack food, fruits, vegetables, and soft/sugary drinks) using a 5-point Likert scale (from \"dislike very much\" to \"like very much\"). Logistic regression was performed to determine the association of food preferences between adolescents and their parents.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adolescent preferences for unhealthy foods were significantly higher than those of adults. Adolescent food preferences for fruits and vegetables decreased slightly over nine years, and there were gender differences in healthy food preferences (girls > boys, P < 0.05). Regardless of boys or girls, adolescent food preferences for healthy foods (fruits and vegetables) were significantly associated with both their fathers (OR: 3.64-4.58 for boys and 2.71-4.39 for girls) and mothers (OR: 2.13-4.11 for boys and 3.07-5.66 for girls) food preferences. For fast food and salty snack food preferences, boys appeared to be influenced greater by their fathers than girls, while girls appeared to be influenced greater by their mothers than boys.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study reveals a high degree of unhealthy food preferences among Chinese adolescents and a gender-specific association of fast food and salty snack preference between Chinese adolescents and their parents. Our results may be useful for interventions to reduce adolescent unhealthy food preferences and intakes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"2611-2619"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141327388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of nuts on lipid profile and inflammatory biomarkers in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Ângela C Bersch-Ferreira, Elana Stein, Gustavo Waclawovsky, Lucas R da Silva, Rachel H V Machado, Camila Weschenfelder, Mabel F Figueiro, Erica A Suzumura, Renato H N Santos, Graziela Biude Silva Duarte, Marcelo M Rogero, Erlon O de Abreu-Silva, Alexandre B Cavalcanti, Aline Marcadenti","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03455-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03455-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Nut-enriched diets are related to improve lipid and inflammatory biomarkers in meta-analyses in the context of primary cardiovascular prevention. However, primary studies on secondary cardiovascular prevention are scarce and controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of nut supplementation on lipid and inflammatory profiles in individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and the frequency of adverse events.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six databases were used for research: PubMed, EMBASE, BVS, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov, until February 2023, with no language restrictions. We performed random-effects meta-analyses to compare nut-enriched diets vs. control diets for pre-post intervention changes. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system assessed the evidence's certainty.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the 5187 records identified, eight publications containing data referring to five randomized clinical trials involving 439 participants were included in the final analyses. The nuts evaluated were almonds, pecans, Brazil nuts, and mixed nuts, with doses ranging between 5 g and 85 g (median: 30 g/day). The intervention time varied between 6 and 12 weeks. Compared to nut-free diets, nut intake did not have a statistically significant effect on lipid profile biomarkers, except on the atherogenic index (MD: -0.32 [95% CI -0.58 to -0.06], I² = 0% - moderate certainty of the evidence). Similarly, there was no effect of nuts on inflammatory profile biomarkers. It was not possible to aggregate data on adverse events.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nut supplementation did not change lipid and inflammatory profiles in the secondary cardiovascular prevention setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"2391-2405"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141534001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing and testing personalised nutrition feedback for more sustainable healthy diets: the MyPlanetDiet randomised controlled trial protocol.","authors":"Katie P Davies, Eileen R Gibney, Ursula M Leonard, Leona Lindberg, Jayne V Woodside, Mairead E Kiely, Anne P Nugent, Elena Arranz, Marie C Conway, Sinead N McCarthy, Aifric M O'Sullivan","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03457-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03457-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Agriculture and food production contribute to climate change. There is mounting pressure to transition to diets with less environmental impact while maintaining nutritional adequacy. MyPlanetDiet aimed to reduce diet-related greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) in a safe, nutritionally adequate, and acceptable manner. This paper describes the trial protocol, development, and testing of personalised nutrition feedback in the MyPlanetDiet randomised controlled trial (RCT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MyPlanetDiet was a 12-week RCT that provided standardised personalised nutrition feedback to participants based on new sustainable healthy eating guidelines (intervention) or existing healthy eating guidelines (control) using decision trees and corresponding feedback messages. To test the personalised nutrition feedback, we modelled a sample of 20 of the MyPlanetDiet participants baseline diets. Diets were modelled to adhere to control and intervention decision trees and feedback messages. Modelled nutrient intakes and environmental metrics were compared using repeated measure one-way analysis of covariance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intervention diets had significantly lower (p < 0.001) diet-related GHGE per 2500 kilocalories (kcal) (4.7 kg CO₂-eq) relative to control (6.6 kg CO₂-eq) and baseline (7.1 kg CO₂-eq). Modelled control and intervention diets had higher mean daily intakes of macronutrients (carbohydrates, fibre, and protein) and micronutrients (calcium, iron, zinc, and iodine). Modelled control and intervention diets had lower percent energy from fat and saturated fat relative to baseline.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adherence to the MyPlanetDiet personalised nutrition feedback would be expected to lead to better nutrient intakes and reduced diet-related GHGE. The MyPlanetDiet RCT will test the effectiveness and safety of personalised feedback for a more sustainable diet.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number and date of registration: </strong>Clinical trials registration number: NCT05253547, 23 February 2022.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"2681-2696"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11490443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141544659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iodine status and knowledge among pregnant and lactating women in Large City in Northern China after nearly 30 years of the universal salt iodization.","authors":"Dandan Zhang, Yang Wang, Wenfeng Li, Yani Duan, Fang Li, Yushan Cui","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03465-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03465-0","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;With the implementation of the universal salt iodization, the iodine nutrition for children and adults has been appropriate, but pregnant women are still at risk of iodine deficiency. It is of great public health significance to explore the iodine status and knowledge, and influence factors and the appropriate health education methods among pregnant and lactating women.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;From January 2022 to December 2023, at least 50 pregnant women and 50 lactating women were randomly selected from the resident population annually in 16 districts of Tianjin, North China. A total of 1671 pregnant women and 1658 lactating women were recruited. All participants' households salt and random urine samples were collected. A questionnaire was conducted to collect data on iodine related knowledge and behaviors as well as needs of health education from all participants. Logistic regression models were constructed to analyze the factors affecting the iodine related knowledge level. We used the Rasch model and the quadrantal graph to analyze the participants' knowledge level on different iodine-related questions and their needs for health education.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The median urine iodine concentration (UIC) of pregnant and lactating women in Tianjin were 152.40 μg/L and 124.60 μg/L. In some districts, the median UIC of pregnant and lactating women below the appropriate range. The iodized salt coverage rate of pregnant and lactating women in Tianjin was 76.12% and 77.40%, respectively. In pregnant and lactating women who did not actively supplement with iodine, the median UIC in those who consumed non-iodized salt were significantly lower than that in those who consumed iodized salt (139.26 μg/L and 154.40 μg/L, P = 0.044; 94.60 μg/L and 123.80 μg/L, P &lt; 0.001). Compared with the low knowledge score group, pregnant women in the high knowledge score group had a higher proportion of iodized salt consumption (71.25% and 78.05%, P = 0.003), and pregnant and lactating women in the high knowledge score group had a higher proportion of actively supplement iodine (44.61% and 55.34%, P &lt; 0.001; 39.26% and 49.78%, P &lt; 0.001). Health education may be the main factor affecting the iodine related knowledge scores for pregnant and lactating women, with adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of 2.89 (2.30, 3.62) and 2.46 (1.97, 3.07), respectively. Pregnant and lactating women are most expected to acquire knowledge through healthcare professionals (72.11%) and wechat/website (74.91%), respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Pregnant and lactating women in some areas of Tianjin are at risk of iodine deficiency. Iodized salt consumption is an important way to ensure iodine nutrition of the population, and the lack of iodine related knowledge is an important factor affecting the consumption of iodized salt. Health education in different ways can be carried out for different people to","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"2753-2766"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141727076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of whey protein-derived decapeptide on mood status and blood variables in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial.","authors":"Katsuya Suzuki, Yoriko Okamatsu, Ryo Uchida, Ikuko Sasahara, Masamichi Takeshita, Wataru Sato, Yoshiro Kitahara, Hitoshi Murakami","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03464-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03464-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The importance of maintaining good mental health with overall well-being has recently drawn attention from various fields. Functional peptides found from various protein sources reportedly reduce mental health problems. We found a new decapeptide (AJI-801) from whey proteins, which can possibly improve mood status and increase blood acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels. In this study, we assessed the effects of a single intake of whey protein hydrolysate containing a high amount of AJI-801 (WPH) on blood variables and mood status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial of two doses of WPH (100 and 500 mg) was conducted. Participants, aged between 20 and 59 years with fatigue were allocated to two groups based on the WPH doses received, and set first test food in each study. The blood ALC and FGF21 levels at baseline and after 60, 120, and 180 min of test food intake were analyzed and the responses to the questionnaire items for mood status were obtained at baseline and after 60 and 180 min of test food intake.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant differences in the blood ALC and FGF21 levels between the two groups. As mood status, intake of 500-mg WPH (including 2.5-mg AJI-801) showed significant improvement in Depression/Dejection of the Profile of Mood States Questionnaire second edition and visual analog scale score for depression, as compared to the placebo.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Intake of AJI-801 500-mg WPH (including 2.5-mg AJI-801) contributes to the improvement of feeling down in healthy persons with fatigue.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry (UMIN 000046829).</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"2789-2799"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11490520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141859447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ketone bodies rescue T cell impairments induced by low glucose availability.","authors":"Arianna Ferrari, Jessica Filoni, Carla Di Dedda, Lorenzo Piemonti, Paolo Monti","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03469-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03469-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Ketogenic diets are proposed as a therapeutic approach for type 1 and type 2 diabetes due to their low glucose intake. However, their potential effects on the immune system need investigation. This study aims to explore how glucose concentration and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) impact T cell phenotype, metabolism, and function, with a focus on systemic inflammatory response (T2D) and autoimmunity (T1D).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>T cells from healthy donors were cultured in vitro under varying glucose concentrations with or without BHB. Flow cytometry was employed to analyze changes in T cell phenotype, while proliferation was evaluated through a CFSE dilution assay. Additionally, we used a novel flow cytometry method allowing a direct assessment of T cell metabolism.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Culturing T cells in low glucose concentrations revealed their dependency on glucose metabolism, leading to reduced proliferation rates, overexpression of exhaustion markers and increased susceptibility to Treg suppression and the influence of immune-modulating drugs such as rapamycin, FK506, and MMF. Notably, T cells cultured in low glucose concentrations increased the expression of BDH1 to utilize BHB as an alternative fuel source. Finally, the addition of BHB to the culture effectively rescued T cell impairments caused by insufficient glucose levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>T cells display limited capacity to adapt to low glucose levels, resulting in profound functional impairment. However, T cell functions can be efficiently recovered by the presence of 2mM BHB.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"2815-2825"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141893215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between whole grains intake and new-onset hypertension: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Zi-Hao Xu, Xu-Lian Tang, Cheng-Shen Qiu, Hong-Min Li, Dan-Qing Liao, Li-Ying Du, Shu-Min Lai, Hong-Xuan Huang, Zhi-Yuan Xiong, Xiao-Ning Li, Li-Na Zhao, Zhi-Hao Li","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03434-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03434-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Epidemiological evidences regarding the association between whole grain intake and the risk of new-onset hypertension are still controversial.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to investigate the relationship between whole grain intake and new-onset hypertension and examine possible effect modifiers in the general population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 10,973 participants without hypertension from the China Health and Nutrition Survey were enrolled, with follow-up beginning in 1997 and ending in 2015. Whole grain intake was assessed by 3 consecutive 24-h dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory. Multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression model after adjusting for potential risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 7.0 years, 3,733 participants developed new-onset hypertension. The adjusted HRs (95% CIs) were as follows: for quartile 2 (HR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.47-0.57), quartile 3 (HR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.42-0.51), and quartile 4 (HR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.31-0.38), compared with quartile 1. Different types of whole grain types, including wheat (adjusted HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.32-0.39), maize (adjusted HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.42-0.59), and millet (adjusted HR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.30-0.48), showed significant associations with a reduced risk of hypertension. The association between whole grain intake and new-onset hypertension was stronger in individuals with older age (P for interaction < 0.001) and higher BMI (P for interaction < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher consumption of whole grains was significantly associated with a lower risk of new-onset hypertension. This study provides further evidence supporting the importance of increasing whole grain intake for hypertension prevention among Chinese adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"2437-2447"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141174976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A randomized controlled cross-over trial investigating the acute inflammatory and metabolic response after meals based on red meat, fatty fish, or soy protein: the postprandial inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (PIRA) trial.","authors":"Erik Hulander, Linnea Bärebring, Anna Winkvist, Inger Gjertsson, Helen M Lindqvist","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03451-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03451-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) has a point prevalence of around 20 million people worldwide. Patients with RA often believe that food intake affects disease activity, and that intake of red meat aggravate symptoms. The main objective of the Postprandial Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis (PIRA) trial was to assess whether postprandial inflammation and serum lipid profile are affected differently by a meal including red meat, fatty fish, or a soy protein (vegan) meal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a randomized controlled crossover design, 25 patients were assigned to eat isocaloric hamburger meals consisting of red meat (60% beef, 40% pork), fatty fish (salmon), or soy protein for breakfast. Blood samples were taken before meals and at intervals up to 5 h postprandial. The analysis included the inflammation marker interleukin 6 (IL-6) and serum lipids.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences in postprandial IL-6 or triglyceride concentrations were found between meals. However, the area under the curve of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particle counts, as well as VLDL-4-bound cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids, was higher after the fatty fish compared to both red meat and soy protein.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Postprandial inflammation assessed by IL-6 did not indicate any acute negative effects of red meat intake compared to fatty fish- or soy protein in patients with RA. The fatty fish meal resulted in a higher number of VLDL-particles and more lipids in the form of small VLDL particles compared to the other protein sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"2631-2642"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11490451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141456011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the CYP1A2 c.^-163 A > C polymorphism in the effect of caffeine on fat oxidation during exercise: a pilot randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial.","authors":"David Varillas-Delgado, Juan Del Coso, Alejandro Muñoz, Millán Aguilar-Navarro, Jorge Gutierrez-Hellin","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03454-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03454-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the CYP1A2 c.-163 A > C (rs762551) polymorphism on the effect of oral caffeine intake on fat oxidation during exercise.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a pilot randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial, 32 young and healthy individuals (women = 14, men = 18) performed an incremental test on a cycle ergometer with 3-min stages at workloads from 30 to 70% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max). Participants performed this test after the ingestion of (a) placebo; (b) 3 mg/kg of caffeine; (c) 6 mg/kg of caffeine. Fat oxidation rate during exercise was measured by indirect calorimetry. The influence of the CYP1A2 c.-163 A > C polymorphism in the effect of caffeine on fat oxidation rates during exercise was established with a three-way ANOVA (substance × genotype × intensity).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight participants were genotyped as AA, 18 participants were CA heterozygotes, and 6 participants were CC. There was a main effect of substance (F = 3.348, p = 0.050) on fat oxidation rates during exercise with no genotype effect (F = 0.158, p = 0.959). The post hoc analysis revealed that, in comparison to the placebo, 3 and 6 mg/kg of caffeine increased fat oxidation at 40-50% VO₂max in AA (all p < 0.050) and 50-60% VO₂max in CA and CC participants (all p < 0.050).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Oral intake of 3 and 6 mg/kg of caffeine increased fat oxidation rate during aerobic exercise in individuals with AA, CA and CC genotypes. This suggests that the effect of caffeine to enhance fat oxidation during exercise is not influenced by the CYP1A2 c.-163 A > C polymorphism.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov with ID: NCT05975489.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"2697-2708"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141616100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micronutrient intake and status in young vegans, lacto-ovo-vegetarians, pescatarians, flexitarians, and omnivores.","authors":"Synne Groufh-Jacobsen, Christel Larsson, Claire Margerison, Isabelle Mulkerrins, Dagfinn Aune, Anine Christine Medin","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03453-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03453-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Whether youth who follow plant-based diets in Nordic countries meet their dietary needs for micronutrients remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate micronutrient intake and status in Norwegian youth following vegan, lacto-ovo-vegetarian, pescatarian, flexitarian and omnivore diets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional design, with healthy 16-to-24-year-olds (n = 165). Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire and four 24-hour dietary recalls. Dried blood spots (DBS) and spot-urine samples were collected for analysis of methyl malonic acid (MMA) (n = 65), haemoglobin (Hb) (n = 164) and urinary iodine concentration (UIC) (n = 163).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Vegans reported highest habitual supplement usage of multivitamin (58%), B₁₂ (90%) and macroalgae consumption (32%), while flexitarians reported highest habitual usage of omega-3 supplements (56%). For daily supplement usage, vegans reported highest use of multivitamins (42%), B₁₂ (79%), iodine (37%) and iron (63%). Increased risk of inadequate intake (energy-adjusted) were found for vitamin D (60% within lacto-ovo-vegetarians), selenium (70% within lacto-ovo-vegetarians, 65% within omnivores), and iodine (63% within vegans). Median MMA levels suggest low risk of insufficient B₁₂ status across all groups (MMA 0.04‒0.37µmol/l) and 2% had MMA levels indicating possible B₁₂ deficiency and 8% had elevated levels. Median Hb levels indicated low risk of anemia across all groups (≥ 12.0 females, ≥ 13.0 g/dl males), though 7% had Hb values indicating risk of mild anemia and 4% risk of moderate anemia. The median UIC indicates mild iodine deficiency in all groups (UIC < 100 µg/l), except vegans, who were moderately iodine deficient (UIC < 50 µg/l).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study indicated that the participating youth had low risk of inadequate intake of most micronutrients, partly due to high supplement usage. However, for iodine, vitamin D, and selenium higher risk of inadequate intake was found. UIC corroborated the low iodine intake among vegans. Thus, we suggest iodine status of youth in Norway should be monitored, especially among young fertile women who omits dietary iodine sources, until a mandatory iodine fortification program is implemented. Furthermore, we suggest that food education on how to secure sufficient nutrients from food in general should be provided to the Norwegian youth population, especially how to secure adequate intake of vitamin D, selenium and iodine.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"2725-2741"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11490461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}