European Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Plasma metabolite profiles related to dietary patterns: exploring the association with colorectal tumor risk.","authors":"Jingjing Ni, Haojie Lu, Weiyi Chen, Yingying Zhao, Shuaishuai Yang, Jia Zhang, Zhen Wang, Yuting Shi, Jing Yi, Jia Li, Xuemei Song, Yuxin Ni, Sijia Zhu, Zhihao Zhang, Li Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03527-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-024-03527-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multiple diet patterns play a crucial role in the development of colorectal cancer and its precursor, colorectal adenoma, but mediating effect of plasma metabolite profiles is unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 95,275 participants from UK Biobank with plasma metabolomics and dietary information were analyzed. Metabolite profile scores for 14 dietary patterns were estimated through elastic net regression. Cox regression analysis assessed the associations of dietary patterns and their metabolite profile scores with colorectal tumor risk. Mediating effects of identified metabolite profile scores were estimated in the associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen metabolite profile scores, including a range of 28 to 205 signatures, were weak to moderate correlation with dietary patterns (all p < 0.001). Multivariable Cox regression analyses revealed that five dietary patterns were significantly correlated with a decreased risk of colorectal tumor after FDR correction and adjustment for covariates. HRs (95% CIs) per 1 SD for these diet patterns were as follows: WCRF (0.93, 0.90-0.96), CRC score (0.94, 0.92-0.97), AHEI-2010 (0.95, 0.92-0.97), DASH (0.94, 0.91-0.97), and hPDI (0.95, 0.93-0.98). Similarly, metabolite profile scores for these five dietary patterns were inversely associated with colorectal tumor risk, with HRs (95% CIs) per 1 SD as follows: WCRF (0.59, 0.49-0.70), CRC score (0.67, 0.58-0.77), AHEI-2010 (0.73, 0.65-0.80), DASH (0.75, 0.66-0.84), and hPDI (0.56, 0.47-0.67). The mediation proportions of five metabolite profile scores between dietary patterns and colorectal tumor risk ranged from 6.37 to 27.23% (all p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Five dietary patterns and their metabolite profile scores, were inversely correlated with colorectal tumor risk. These findings highlight the potential of metabolite profiles as mediators in the association between dietary patterns and the risk of colorectal tumor, further contributing to the prevention of colorectal cancer or adenoma and providing new insights for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Threonine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal inflammatory responses in rabbits.","authors":"Zimei Li, Junning Pu, Jieying Jing, Zexin Su, Jingyi Cai, Gang Jia, Hua Zhao, Gang Tian","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03537-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-024-03537-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Threonine (Thr) can be involved in the synthesis of immunoglobulins, which play the role of immune regulation, Thr also has to improve intestinal morphology, adjust the sticky protein synthesis, maintain the intestinal barrier function, etc. The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of diets supplemented with different levels of Thr on growth performance and intestinal health of rabbits under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stress conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 180 healthy 35-day-old weaned New Zealand White rabbits were randomly assigned in a 2 × 3 factorial design to receive an intraperitoneal injection of 100 µg/kg BW LPS or saline and three diets with different levels of digestible threonine (0.43%, 0.54%, and 0.64%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The LPS challenge resulted in a reduction in body weight in rabbits at day 22, as well as a decrease in the serum d-lactic acid (D-LA) content and the number of goblet cells (GCs) in the jejunum. Additionally, the duodenum JAM2 and JAM3 were down-regulated. The expression of OCLN, ZO-1, and IL-2 in the jejunum, and CLDN, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and ZO-1 mRNA in the ileum were also down-regulated. Furthermore, the duodenum TLR4 and IL-1β mRNA expression, while the jejunum exhibited an elevation in CLDN, TNF-α, and ileum TNF-α mRNA expression (P < 0.05). In the context of LPS challenge condition, dietary Thr addition was found to down-regulate the duodenum ZO-1 and jejunum CLDN mRNA expression of rabbits (P < 0.05). This was accompanied by an increase in ileum sIgA content and GCs number (P < 0.05). Additionally, dietary Thr addition resulted in a downregulation of duodenum TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-1β, jejunum MyD88, and IL-1β mRNA expression, as well as an up-regulation of ileum IL-10 mRNA expression in rabbits (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, the LPS challenge can result in intestinal inflammation and damage the integrity of the intestinal barrier in rabbits. Nevertheless, dietary Thr supplementation can alleviate the intestinal inflammatory response in rabbits challenged with LPS.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 1","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to improve sustainability of nutrient dense diets for children and adolescents: an exemplary assessment in Germany.","authors":"Mathilde Kersting, Hermann Kalhoff, Katja Zahn, Aziza Belgardt, Leandro Teixeira Cacau, Luis A Moreno, Kathrin Sinningen, Thomas Lücke","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03530-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03530-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The global climate crisis requires a paradigm shift in dietary concepts, respecting the needs of children. A global reference diet has been suggested by the EAT-Lancet Commission. On this basis, the detailed \"Planetary Health Diet Index\" (PHDI) has been proposed. The objective of this assessment is (1) to apply the PHDI to the Food-Based Dietary Guidelines, the so-called Optimized Mixed Diet (OMD) for children and adolescents in Germany in its original composition and (2) to check how the planetary value of the OMD could be improved by modifying food selection within meals while keeping the high nutrient densities of the guideline diet.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The PHDI specifies 16 food groups and their proportion of total daily energy intake. The PHDI of the original OMD was calculated by assigning the foods of the 7-day menu to the PHDI food groups in order to score them. In this way, it became apparent which food groups had the potential to improve the sustainability. The diet was then updated by either reducing or increasing individual foods from these food groups in the meals and deriving the resulting PHDI. The nutrient densities of the original and updated daily OMD were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The original diet obtained a PHDI score of 68.24 points, representing 45.5% of the theoretical maximum of 150 points. The following food groups achieved 9.9 to 10 out of 10 points: fruits, total vegetables, fish & seafood, vegetable oils, chicken (and substitutes). Conversely, food groups receiving a zero score included tubers & potatoes, dairy, red meat, animal fat, and added sugars. The updated diet resulted in increased consumption of 'nuts & peanuts', 'legumes', 'green vegetables', 'whole grains', and decreased consumption of 'tubers & potatoes' and 'red meat'. Overall, the PHDI increased from 68.24 to 81.51 points with the updated OMD, reflecting a 13.27% increase compared to the original diet. The nutrient densities were not significantly affected, but even slightly increased for most nutrients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The PHDI was applied to demonstrate how the sustainability of the guideline diet for children and adolescents in Germany could be improved through changes in individual food groups that can be easily implemented in practice while maintaining high nutrient densities and acceptability for children.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>NA.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11569004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The combined effect of gluten addition and semolina cell wall integrity reduces the oral sugar release and the insulinemic response to bread in healthy volunteers.","authors":"Marianna Tagliasco, Edoardo Capuano, Margherita Dall'Asta, Stefano Renzetti, Vincenzo Fogliano, Nicoletta Pellegrini","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03517-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03517-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>A strategy to reduce starch digestibility is to limit its accessibility to α-amylase by preserving the integrity of cells where starch is encapsulated. Coarse flour is rich in intact cells and can be used for this purpose. However, making bread with coarse flour negatively affects crumb cohesiveness, which may increase the gastric disintegration rate, and enhance starch accessibility. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the combined effect of coarse semolina and its 20% gluten substitution in bread in healthy volunteers on glycemic and insulinemic responses, oral processing and bolus characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Apparently, healthy volunteers (n = 16) randomly consumed bread made with coarse semolina and 20% gluten substitution (80CS_20G), its counterpart with fine semolina (80FS_20G), and bread with fine semolina and 5% gluten (95FS_5G). The glycemic and insulinemic responses were measured over 2 h after bread consumption. Mastication behaviour, bolus properties and reducing sugar were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No differences in glycemic responses and mastication were observed among the samples. 80CS_20G and 80FS_20G exhibited similar textural properties but 80CS_20G released less reducing sugars and elicited a lower insulin response at 30 min than 80FS_20G, probably due to intact cells that limit starch accessibility. Also, 95FS_5G released lower reducing sugars and had lower insulin peak than 80FS_20G. The compact structure of 95FS_5G may have delayed starch hydrolysis by restricting α-amylase accessibility.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Combining gluten and coarse semolina resulted in bread with a lower release of reducing sugars, a reduced insulinemic peak and textural properties similar to the counterpart with fine semolina.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration number: </strong>The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06152874.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142638718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of curcumin supplementation on inflammatory markers in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.","authors":"Sima Sedighi, Zeinab Faramarzipalangar, Elahe Mohammadi, Vahideh Aghamohammadi, Mehdi Gholami Bahnemiri, Kamran Mohammadi","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03515-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03515-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with multisystem involvement. This study was designed to examine the effects of curcumin, a polyphenolic compound isolated from turmeric rhizomes, on inflammatory markers in SLE patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy 18-60 years old SLE patients were recruited in this randomized triple-blinded placebo-controlled trial, and 62 completed the study. Curcumin group received 1000 mg curcumin daily and the placebo group received placebo capsules for 10 weeks. Dietary intakes and serum levels of complement C3 and C4, complement hemolytic 50%, rheumatoid factor, anti-double stranded DNA (anti-ds DNA), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interlukine-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α were assessed before and after intervention period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Curcumin supplementation caused a significant reduction in anti-ds DNA and IL-6 levels at the end of the trial in comparison with baseline (52.57 ± 40.21 vs. 43.27 ± 28.34, p = 0.014 and 127.11 ± 76.63 vs. 101.49 ± 59.08, p = 0.002, respectively). Analysis of covariance which was adjusted for confounding variables also revealed that anti-ds DNA and IL-6 levels decreased significantly in curcumin group compared to placebo group by the end of the intervention period (change:-9.30 ± 19.59 vs. -2.55 ± 17.55, p = 0.018 and - 25.62 ± 42.33 vs. -7.34 ± 34.32, p = 0.043, respectively). No significant changes were observed in levels of other variables during the study (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Curcumin as an effective and safe adjuvant therapy, ameliorated the autoimmune activity and inflammation in SLE patients via reducing anti-ds DNA and IL-6 levels.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>irct.behdasht.gov.ir, identifier: IRCT20210425051077N1.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142638720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agar oligosaccharides improve the intestinal health of induced-aging mice by maintaining intestinal homeostasis via balancing the ISCs proliferation and differentiation.","authors":"Shuhang Fan, Qianyi Zhang, Jianyi She, Xianjun Dai","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03512-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03512-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Aging is a process that accompanies a decline in the function of various tissues and organs, especially affecting intestinal health. Agarose oligosaccharide (AOS) can prolong the lifespan of organisms and protect the intestine in the previous study. It was examined to evaluate the effects of AOS on intestinal health, and the potential associations between intestinal homeostasis and health status were further validated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>D-galactose-induced aging mice were used to investigate the role of AOS in promoting intestinal health by determining intestinal physiology, microbiota and stem cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AOS supplementation decreased the clinical frailty index of aging mice with increasing intestinal length and crypt depth; moreover, it decreased the average flatulence index and PCNA protein content in the intestine. Besides, AOS contributed to the diversity of the gut microbiota by increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and other bacteria that could produce short-chain fatty acids. Furthermore, AOS affected the expression of proinflammatory factors in aging mice, promoting the proliferative equilibrium of intestinal stem cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings confirmed that AOS could improve intestinal health in aging mice by maintaining intestinal homeostasis, which provides new insights into the potential application of AOS as a prebiotic.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142638710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effect of a newly probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri LY2-2 on DSS-induced colitis.","authors":"Yong Yang, Yuyu Qiao, Ge Liu, Gaoqin Yi, Hongli Liu, Ting Zhang, Mingwei Tong","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03535-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-024-03535-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the role of a newly isolated strain L.reuteri LY2-2 in colitis in mice and explored the underlying mechanisms. METHODS L.</p><p><strong>Reuteri: </strong>LY2-2 was orally administered to mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) treatment was used as the drug control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the disease severity of colitis mice was significantly alleviated. The intestinal inflammation was restricted by synergistically reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, inhibiting TLR4-NF-κB signaling, restoring the abnormal immune response, and enhancing intestinal barrier function. Of note, L.reuteri LY2-2 showed great potential in modulating macrophages polarization in colonic tissues. Moreover, the gut dysbiosis was improved. The potentially pro-inflammatory pathogenic bacteria such as Helicobacter and Romboutsia decreased and the probiotics including L.rhamnosus and L.plantarum increased. Interestingly, the above pathological indexes in the L.reuteri LY2-2 group were better than those in the 5-ASA group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>L.reuteri LY2-2 had a better protective effect on DSS-induced colitis via its anti-inflammatory and microbiota-balancing properties, which supports the potential value of this probiotic against colitis. These results contribute to product development of functional probiotics for colitis and provide valuable insights for their mechanisms of biological function to affect human health status.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142638715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of long-term almond consumption on markers for vascular function and cardiometabolic risk in men and women with prediabetes: results of a randomized, controlled cross-over trial.","authors":"Marco A Chavez-Alfaro, Ronald P Mensink, Elske Gravesteijn, Peter J Joris, Jogchum Plat","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03510-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03510-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of almond consumption on peripheral vascular function, ambulant blood pressure profiles (ABP), and serum/plasma markers reflecting endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in participants with overweight/obesity and prediabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-four participants completed this single-blinded, randomized, cross-over trial with 5-month intervention and control periods, separated by a 2-month wash-out. During the intervention period, participants consumed 50 g of whole almonds daily. At the end of each intervention period, peripheral vascular function was assessed by measuring the carotid-to-femoral and carotid-to-radial pulse wave velocities (PWV_c-f and PWV_c-r, respectively) and retinal microvascular calibers. Serum/plasma concentrations of soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), serum amyloid A protein (SAA) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and 24-hour ABP were also analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Almond consumption did not significantly affect arterial stiffness (PWV_c-f and PWV_c-r), while central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE) was minimally increased by 2 μm (P = 0.019). Central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE), the arteriolar-to-venular ratio (AVR), and endothelial and inflammatory serum/plasma markers showed no significant changes after almond consumption. Almond consumption reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP; -3 mmHg 24-hour P = 0.035, -4 mmHg daytime P = 0.046, and - 4 mmHg during nighttime P = 0.029), SBP variability during 24-hour, daytime, and nighttime (P = 0.005, P = 0.019, and P = 0.003, respectively), and diastolic blood pressure variability during nighttime (P ≤ 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Almond consumption did not affect arterial stiffness, retinal microvasculature calibers, or serum and plasma markers for endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in participants with prediabetics, while BP and BP variability were improved.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>This clinical trial was registered in February 2018 as NCT03419702.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142638713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is underweight associated with poorer diet, nutrient status, bone and cardiometabolic health, and school performance in Danish 8-11-year-olds?","authors":"Anne V Aurup, Katrine Strandberg-Larsen, Rikke Andersen, Anja Biltoft-Jensen, Lotte Lauritzen, Camilla T Damsgaard","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03528-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03528-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Underweight, i.e. low body mass index for age and sex, may indicate undernutrition, but despite high prevalence, this aspect is largely overlooked in children in high-income countries. We explored if dietary intake, nutrient status, body composition, bone mineralization, cardiometabolic markers and school performance differed in schoolchildren with underweight compared to normal- and overweight.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used cross-sectional data from 815 Danish 8-11-year-old children collected in 2011. Intake of foods, macronutrients and key micronutrients (vitamin D, vitamin B12, calcium, iron, zinc and selenium) was assessed by 7-day dietary records. Measurements included anthropometry, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and tests of attention and reading skills. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for biomarkers of iron, long-chain n-3 fatty acids and vitamin D status as well as blood lipids, insulin and growth markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-three (10.2%) children had underweight and were shown to have a lower intake of energy, red meat, protein and zinc and higher intake of added sugar than children with normal- and overweight. They also had higher fish intake relative to overweight, but blood biomarkers did not differ between groups. Children with underweight had lower fat percent and bone mineralization compared to peers with normalweight, but apart from lower insulin, they did not differ in overall cardiometabolic health or school performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although we found some differences in diet, there were no considerable differences in nutrient status, cardiometabolic health or school performance between children with underweight and their normalweight peers. However, the lower bone mineralization is a concern and needs further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11564234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary habit and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a mendelian randomization study identifying protective and risk factors.","authors":"Junlin Li, Xinyuan Xie, Xiuyun Chen, Lei Xie, Minyi Luo, Mingyu Yin, Yatian Liu, Wenguan Huang, Ying Ai, Jinyang He","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03518-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-024-03518-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Dietary habit significantly contributes to the initiation and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Dietary choices intersect with a range of clinical and societal factors. The utilization of cross-sectional methodologies in numerous studies poses a challenge in establishing definitive causality for the noted associations. Moreover, within identical food categories, specific items may elicit diverse effects on the pathogenesis of RA, and the correlation between several prevalent food items or beverages and RA remains inadequately explored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) study to evaluate the causal impact of 27 distinct dietary habits and RA susceptibility. These dietary-related phenotypes encompass both the relative intake of the four macronutrients (fat, protein, carbohydrates, and sugar) and 23 specific single food intake. Several filtering steps were employed to select eligible genetic instruments strongly associated with each of the traits. The random-effects inverse-variance weighted, weighted median, and MR-Egger methods were employed for MR estimations. Sensitivity analyses and power calculations were executed to ensure the robustness of our study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After rigorous single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) filtering procedures, 611 SNPs were included in our ongoing investigations. The consumption of dried fruit, bread, and alcohol emerged as protective factors, while beef, processed meat, and coffee intake were identified as risk factors. The robustness of our study was confirmed through the outcomes of sensitivity analysis and power calculation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ongoing investigations furnish evidence that accentuates the influence of diet on RA disease activity, underscoring the importance of delineating the optimal nutritional lifestyle for RA patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}