European Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Moderating carbohydrate digestion rate in mice promotes fat oxidation and metabolic flexibility revealed through a new approach to assess metabolic substrate utilization.","authors":"Anna M R Hayes, Clay Swackhamer, Roberto Quezada-Calvillo, Nancy F Butte, Erwin E Sterchi, Buford L Nichols, Bruce R Hamaker","doi":"10.1007/s00394-025-03585-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-025-03585-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Superior metabolic flexibility, or the ability to efficiently switch between oxidation of carbohydrate and fat, is inversely associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. The influence of dietary factors on metabolic flexibility is incompletely understood. This study examined the impact of dietary carbohydrate digestion rate on metabolic flexibility and metabolic substrate utilization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed percent relative cumulative frequency (PRCF) analyses coupled with a new application of modeling using the Mixed Weibull Cumulative Distribution function to examine respiratory exchange ratio (RER) data from adult wild-type mice and mice lacking the mucosal maltase-glucoamylase enzyme (Mgam) under different dietary carbohydrate conditions, with diets matched for total carbohydrate contents and containing different ratios of slowly digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS), or that were high in sucrose or fat. Fungal amyloglucosidase (AMG) was administered in drinking water to increase carbohydrate digestion rate. We devised a Metabolic Flexibility Factor (MFF) to quantitate metabolic flexibility for each dietary condition and mouse genotype, with higher MFF indicating higher metabolic flexibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Diets high in SDS exhibited lower average RER and higher metabolic flexibility (MFF) than diets high in resistant starch, sucrose, or fat. Diets containing high and intermediate amounts of SDS led to a more complete shift to fat oxidation. While mouse genotype had minimal effects on substrate oxidation and MFF, AMG supplementation shifted substrate utilization to carbohydrate oxidation and generally decreased MFF.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Consumption of slowly digestible carbohydrates improved measures of metabolic substrate utilization at the whole-body level in adult mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 2","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11908681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Association of late eating with colorectal adenomas: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Darbaz Adnan, Edena R Khoshaba, Mostafa K Abdel-Reheem, Jonathan Q Trinh, Yin Cao, Faraz Bishehsari","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03580-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03580-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 2","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum homocysteine is a biomarker for hearing loss associated with or without cardiovascular risk: a cross-sectional study in men.","authors":"Carmen Morais-Moreno, Isabel García-Perez, Sara Bueno, María Luisa Sánchez, Ana M Montero-Bravo, Ana M Puga, Lourdes Samaniego-Vaesken, Mar Ruperto, Rocío Marco-Mendez, Álvaro Vicente-Arche, Gregorio Varela-Moreiras, Teresa Partearroyo","doi":"10.1007/s00394-025-03592-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-025-03592-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Hearing loss (HL) represents a major health problem worldwide, and increasingly so due to population ageing and new leisure activities, such as video gaming or virtual reality experiences. HL has a multifactorial origin including both genetic and environmental issues with nutrition status emerging as a new contributing factor. In fact, certain micronutrient deficiencies, along with excessive consumption of specific macronutrients, have been related to HL This study aimed to examine the association of HL with dietary fat intake, nutritional status biomarkers, and serum metabolic signature in aviation pilots and controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort of aviation pilots, chronically exposed to noise pollution at work, was compared to a cohort of non-exposed university workers (controls). Hearing function was determined by tonal audiometry and dietary fat intake was assessed by three 24-h recalls. In addition, lipoprotein profiles as well as serum homocysteine (Hcy), folate, vitamins B₁₂ and D were analysed. Two multiple linear regression models adjusted for age were constructed to explain HL variability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HL prevalence was similar and elevated in both cohorts (controls: 64% vs. noise-exposed: 65%), when compared to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) classification. When comparing both cohorts, although no significant differences were found in Hcy and folate levels, controls had significantly lower vitamins B₁₂ and D concentrations and, conversely, higher serum lipids and lipoprotein values (triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol subfractions), suggesting the possible involvement of CV risk in HL in the control cohort. In the noise-exposed cohort, HL was associated with flight hours, Hcy, and folate (r² = 0.439), while in controls, HL was associated with Hcy and vitamin D (r² = 0.474). After adjusting for CV profile, the positive association between HL and Hcy was maintained (β = 0.444; p < 0.001), evidencing the strong involvement of this metabolite not only in CV risk, but also in HL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Folate insufficiency together with hyperhomocysteinemia increased susceptibility to noise-induced HL. However, the role of Hcy in HL without noise exposure at work seems to be partially masked by an altered CV profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 2","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11794339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the link between serum betaine levels and hyperuricemia risk in middle-aged and older adults: insights from a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Zhen Li, Bi-Xia Huang, Zi-Hui Huang, Meng-Chu Li, Yu-Ming Chen, Hui-Lian Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s00394-025-03594-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-025-03594-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Betaine is connected to various cardio-metabolic outcomes, yet its relationship with hyperuricemia remains uncertain. We aimed to longitudinally investigate the association between serum betaine levels and the risk of hyperuricemia in middle-aged and older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized data from the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (GNHS). Participants were enrolled between 2008 and 2010, with follow-ups conducted every three years, comprised an analysis sample of 2204 adults aged 40-75. Baseline serum betaine levels were assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Serum uric acid (SUA) levels were measured at baseline and every three years thereafter. Linear mixed-effects models (LMEMs) and generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were employed to examine the longitudinal association between serum betaine levels and SUA levels, as well as hyperuricemia risk, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LMEMs indicated that compared to individuals in the lowest quartile (Q1) of serum betaine levels, those in the highest quartile (Q4) exhibited the lowest SUA levels (Q4 vs. Q1: β -8.19, 95% CI -16.32 to -0.06, P-trend = 0.023). Each standard deviation increase in betaine (16.5 µmol/L) was associated to SUA levels decrease of -3.28 (-6.10, -0.45). Results from the GEE model suggested a 19% reduction in the odds of hyperuricemia (OR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.95, P-trend = 0.051) in the Q4 group compared to the Q1 category.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings highlight a negative association between serum betaine levels and SUA levels, as well as the risk of hyperuricemia in middle-aged and older adults, which is more pronounced in individuals with better dietary quality.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03179657. Website: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03179657.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 2","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delphi survey to gather feedback on a CONSORT extension proposal for nutrition intervention trials.","authors":"Arnold William, Carl Lachat, Sanne Ahles, Karen J Murphy, Anne-Marie Minihane, Connie Weaver, Sangeetha Shyam, Jessica Rigutto-Farebrother","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03561-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03561-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Inadequate reporting of nutrition data can hinder the success of nutrition health policies. CONSORT provides guidance for reporting of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and is required by most journals today, yet reporting of nutrition interventions may benefit from a more tailored approach. A Federation of European Nutrition Societies working group was created to improve quality and completeness of reporting of nutrition trials, and our work to date features a proposal for a CONSORT extension specific to nutrition RCTs. The present manuscript describes a Delphi survey conducted to gather opinion from a wider panel of nutrition and health experts and related interest-holders on our proposal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We invited 138 potentially eligible participants to take part in the Delphi survey from a representative spread of expertise and geography. We employed a Likert scale with comments for our 32-item proposal in round 1, and a dichotomous scale with comments for our 29-item proposal in round 2. Threshold for agreement was set at ≥ 80% for both rounds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-seven potentially eligible participants responded to our invitation, 38 completed the first round and 36 completed the second. N = 23 (72%) items achieved ≥ 80% in round 1, and 100% of items in round 2. Three items were dropped or merged following round 1. A third Delphi round was not required to obtain consensus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This Delphi expert consensus proposes a 29-item checklist specific to the reporting of nutrition RCTs and will inform further development of guidance through forthcoming consensus meetings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 2","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11787169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal diet quality and circulating extracellular vesicle and particle miRNA during pregnancy.","authors":"Meghan E Muse, Yuting Wang, Diane Gilbert-Diamond, David A Armstrong, Anne G Hoen, Megan E Romano, Jiang Gui, Thomas J Palys, Frederick W Kolling, Brock C Christensen, Margaret R Karagas, Caitlin G Howe","doi":"10.1007/s00394-025-03589-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-025-03589-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>During pregnancy, extracellular vesicle and particle microRNAs (EVP miRNA) in maternal circulation have the capacity to cross the placenta and facilitate maternal-fetal communication. Both dysregulation of circulating EVP miRNA during pregnancy and maternal diet quality have been previously associated with pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes. However, little is known about how maternal diet influences circulating EVP miRNA during pregnancy. This study assesses associations between maternal diet quality, as measured by the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (2010; AHEI-2010), and EVP miRNA levels in maternal circulation during pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a pilot study of 53 pregnant participants in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study, maternal diet quality was assessed using AHEI-2010 and plasma (mean gestational age at blood collection: 28.8 weeks) EVP miRNA were profiled using the NanoString nCounter platform which interrogates 798 miRNA transcripts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In covariate-adjusted models, the AHEI-2010 adherence score was negatively associated (P < 0.05) with the number of unique miRNA transcripts detectable in each sample. In post hoc analyses, greater consumption of red and processed meats was positively associated with levels of 7 miRNA (Q < 0.05), including hsa-miR-512-5p (P_Bonf < 0.01), a member of the placenta-specific chromosome 19 miRNA cluster.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We identified associations between the consumption of red and processed meat and levels of circulating select EVP miRNA during pregnancy, including placenta-specific miRNA and miRNA with target genes overrepresented in pathways involved in placental development. Additional research is needed to assess whether alterations in maternal circulating EVP miRNA may mediate maternal diet quality's impacts on pregnancy and birth outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 2","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11787256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-based diets and the risk of lung cancer: a large prospective cohort study.","authors":"Wei Wei, Shuyuan Wang, Zhen Yuan, Yifan Ren, Jiaxing Wu, Xiaohui Gao, Rong Wang, Jianxiong Li","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03570-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03570-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Plant-based diets are increasingly recognized for cancer prevention, yet their specific impact on lung cancer (LC) risk remains insufficiently examined. This study aims to assess the relationship between plant-based diets adherence and the incidence of LC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian cancer screening trial were analyzed. The plant-based diet index (PDI) was developed to assess adherence to plant-based diets. Multivariable Cox regression model was performed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Restricted cubic spline (RCS) model was performed to examine risk across the PDI spectrum. Prespecified subgroup analyses identified potential modifiers, and sensitivity analyses tested the association's robustness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 98,459 participants included, 1,642 developed LC over an average follow-up of 8.83 years. Higher PDI scores were associated with a lower LC risk (HR _{quartile 4 vs. 1}: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.65-0.87, P _trend < 0.001), evident in both non-small cell lung cancer (HR _{quartile 4 vs. 1}: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.65-0.88, P _trend < 0.001) and small cell lung cancer (HR _{quartile 4 vs. 1}: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.49-1.09, P _trend = 0.046). RCS analyses further confirmed these relationships. The association was stronger among participants with lower BMI, smokers, those without a history of emphysema or diabetes, those without a family history of LC, and those with lower physical activity (all P _trend < 0.001). Sensitivity analyses consistently supported these findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings reveal an inverse correlation between PDI and LC risk, supporting the potential benefits of plant-based diets in LC prevention.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registry number: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT00339495 (URL: https://www.</p><p><strong>Clinicaltrials: </strong>gov/study/NCT00339495 ).</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 2","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11787154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin and dietary supplements are not associated with total or cardiovascular mortality in Switzerland: the CoLaus|PsyCoLaus prospective study.","authors":"Rosa Lourenço, Pedro-Marques Vidal","doi":"10.1007/s00394-025-03593-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-025-03593-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Vitamin-mineral and dietary supplements (VMDS) are taken by a large fraction of the population. Whether their long-term consumption impacts mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has seldom been studied.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospective study from a population-based cohort from Lausanne, Switzerland. Participants were categorized as non-users (no consumption at baseline and first follow-up), persistent users (consumption at baseline and follow-up), and occasional users (consumption either at baseline or follow-up). Incidence of CVD and of total mortality was assessed after the first follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 4261 participants (57.4 ± 10.4 years, 55% females) was used. Median follow-up was 9 years (interquartile range 7.0-9.2) After multivariable analysis, no association was found between VMDS use and total mortality: hazard ratio and (95% confidence interval) 0.95 (0.71-1.28) and 0.83 (0.55-1.26) for occasional and persistent consumers, respectively, CVD mortality: 1.00 (0.47-2.11) and 1.30 (0.53-3.18), or CVD events: 0.96 (0.72-1.27) and 0.95 (0.64-1.42). Similar findings were obtained after inverse probability weighting, using only vitamin-mineral supplement users, or considering only participants at baseline. When CVD events were split into coronary heart disease (CHD) or stroke, persistent use of VMDS was associated with a higher risk of CHD in females: 3.12 (1.52-6.41), p = 0.002, but not in males, 0.25 (0.03-1.82), p = 0.171, p for interaction < 0.05. No association was found between VMDS use and incidence of stroke in both sexes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found no association between vitamin and dietary supplement use and total or CVD mortality, or CVD events. The higher risk of CHD for persistent use in females should be further explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 2","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11787243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: The effects of 3-month supplementation with synbiotic on patient-reported outcomes, exercise tolerance, and brain and muscle metabolism in adult patients with post-COVID-19 chronic fatigue syndrome (STOP-FATIGUE): a randomized Placebo-controlled clinical trial.","authors":"Marijana Ranisavljev, Valdemar Stajer, Nikola Todorovic, Jelena Ostojic, Jelena Helena Cvejic, Robert E Steinert, Sergej M Ostojic","doi":"10.1007/s00394-025-03591-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-025-03591-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 2","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On-site breakfast provision in early childhood education and care (ECEC) services in Australia: a multi-method investigation.","authors":"Seon Y Park, Miaobing Zheng, Kathleen E Lacy, Karen J Campbell, Penelope Love","doi":"10.1007/s00394-025-03590-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-025-03590-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breakfast is vital for young children's health. In Australia, breakfast is often provided in government-approved Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) services. However, research on breakfast provision in Australian ECEC services is limited. This study aimed to evaluate breakfast quality and enablers and barriers of breakfast provision in these settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multi-method, sequential explanatory design was employed, including survey, on-site visits, and semi-structured interviews. ECEC services offering breakfast in Victoria, Australia, participated in an online survey to assess breakfast provision quality based on Victorian Health Eating Advisory Service (HEAS) guidelines. Multivariate logistic regression was utilised to identify the relationship between breakfast quality and service characteristics. A subset of services participated in 1-day observational visits and 30-min semi-structured interviews. The on-site visits observed breakfast foods and environments, while interviews explored enablers or barriers of breakfast provision.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty ECEC services participated in the online survey, with common breakfast items such as cereal, bread, and milk being frequently provided, while fruits and vegetables were among the least common items offered. Only 10-16% of services met the HEAS definitions of high-quality standards, and these centres were mostly located in socioeconomically advantaged areas. Of these, four services participated in the on-site observation phase, where the use of full-cream milk and multigrain bread was commonly noted. Additionally, eight interviews (two from each centre) were conducted to explore enablers and barriers to healthy breakfast provision. Key enablers included government funding and the use of nutritional guidelines, while barriers involved time constraints, budget limitations, staffing shortages, and insufficient confidence in applying and utilising nutrition guidance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fruits and vegetables are rarely provided at breakfast in ECEC settings, and only a small number of ECEC services met high-quality breakfast standards, with those in socio-economically advantaged areas more likely to achieve these standards. Targeted interventions, particularly in disadvantaged areas, are essential to improve the quality of breakfast provision, with a focus on including fruits and vegetables in line with guidelines. While the findings of this study had jurisdictional limitations, this study highlighted the importance of addressing issues such as time constraints, budget limitations, and staffing shortages, along with establishing practical and clear breakfast guidelines to enhance the quality of breakfast provision in ECEC settings. Further research is needed to explore specific and actionable strategies for implementing these improvements.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 2","pages":"78"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11787215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}