European Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Circadian distribution of carbohydrate intake during adolescence and association with risk markers of type 2 diabetes in adulthood-the role of chronotype.","authors":"Nicole Jankovic, Sarah Schmitting, Ines Perrar, Eva Hohoff, Azadeh Lesani, Janina Goletzke, Bianca Stutz, Christian Herder, Stefan A Wudy, Ute Nöthlings, Ute Alexy","doi":"10.1007/s00394-026-04056-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-026-04056-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescence is a critical phase characterized by temporary insulin resistance and a tendency for a later chronotype, potentially influencing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) later in life. This study explores how morning and evening carbohydrate (CHO) intake during adolescence are prospectively related to T2D risk factors-such as insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), liver fat indices, and subclinical inflammation- in adulthood while considering the role of chronotype.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This analysis utilizes data from 224 DONALD study participants (58% female) who provided 3-day weighed dietary records during adolescence (median age = 12 years) and a blood sample in adulthood (median age = 22 years). Owing to detected interactions between the timing of CHO intake i.e. CHO_evening(E%)-CHO_morning(E%), (eveningness in CHO intake) and chronotype, analyses were stratified accordingly.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An inverse relationship was found between morning CHO intake (before 11 a.m.) and adult HOMA2-IR levels (beta and 95% CI for high (T3) vs. low (T1): -0.12 (-0.21; -0.04), p_trend = 0.01). For individuals with an earlier chronotype, a higher \"eveningness in CHO intake\" was linked to higher HOMA2-IR (p_trend = 0.03). Conversely, those with a later chronotype exhibited the lowest HOMA2-IR in the median \"eveningness in CHO intake\" category (T2). No significant associations were observed between evening CHO intake and other risk markers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Consuming CHOs in the morning during adolescence is associated with lower HOMA2-IR in adulthood, irrespective of chronotype. However, the favorable morning CHO intake amount appears to vary by chronotype, indicating a personalized approach may be beneficial.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"65 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13433581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148663802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High plant protein intake decreases all-cause mortality in the \"Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra\" (SUN) cohort European journal of nutrition.","authors":"Ainara Martínez-Tabar, Miguel Ruiz-Canela, Vanessa Bullón-Vela, Carmen de la Fuente-Arrillaga, Carmen Sayón-Orea, Miguel Ángel Martínez-González, Maira Bes-Rastrollo","doi":"10.1007/s00394-026-04037-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-026-04037-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Prospective cohort studies analyzing the effect of plant versus animal protein intake on mortality in relatively young individuals from Mediterranean populations are limited. Moreover, a limited number of studies have performed repeated measurements of protein intake. We evaluated the relationship between plant versus animal protein intake (at baseline and at the ten-year follow-up) and mortality in the \"Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra\" (SUN) project.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The SUN project is a prospective, multi-purpose, dynamic cohort study of Spanish university graduates. Plant and animal protein intake were assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) previously validated in Spain. Participants were divided into quartiles based on their intake of protein. Cox regression models were used, with the first quartile serving as the reference category.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 17,989 subjects (10,961 women and 7028 men) were included in the analysis. During 251.363 person-years of follow-up (median follow-up time: 12 years), 460 deaths were identified. The mean age at baseline was 38 years with a standard deviation of 12 years. Participants in the highest quartile of plant protein intake had a 35% lower risk of all-cause mortality compared to those in the lowest quartile after adjusting for potential confounders [hazard ratio (HR): 0.65 (95% CI: 0.45-0.93), p for trend = 0.009]. No significant association was found between animal protein intake and mortality [HR: 0.94 (95% CI: 0.70-1.26); p for trend = 0.555] nor between plant protein intake and cardiovascular or cancer mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Plant protein intake was inversely associated with all-cause mortality in a Mediterranean population. Animal protein intake was not associated with total mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"65 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148653216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RNA methylation and the potential role of folate supplementation in preventing Hirschsprung disease.","authors":"Chunxia Du, Jie Tang, Zhengke Zhi, Hongxing Li, Weibing Tang","doi":"10.1007/s00394-026-03972-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-026-03972-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine whether folate supplementation may reduce the incidence of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) by regulating the methylation level of growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The m6A methylation deficiency model and folate supplementation model were created using the m⁶A inhibitor 3-Deazaadenosine (DAZ) and folate, respectively. The effects of folate on the morphology, mortality, and number of HuC/D positive neurons in zebrafish were observed. The methylation level and proliferation ability of mouse enteric neural crest stem cells (ENCSCs) were detected by m⁶A ELISA and EdU assay respectively. Human HSCR cases and control tissues were collected. The expression level of GAS5 in intestinal tissues was detected by qRT-PCR. M⁶A ELISA, actinomycin D, and MeRIP qRT-PCR were used to detect the effect of folate on m⁶A methylation levels, GAS5 stability, and the content of m⁶A-modified GAS5 in N2a cells. The RIP assay was used to detect the content of GAS5 bound to YTH N⁶-methyladenosine RNA binding protein F2 (YTHDF2) under different folate concentrations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Supplementation of folate can ameliorate the decreased ENCSC proliferation ability caused by low m⁶A methylation level, reduce embryonic mortality of zebrafish and increase the number of HuC/D positive neurons at 96 hpf. Furthermore, folate may reduce the expression of the demethylase alkB homologue 5 (ALKBH5), weaken ALKBH5's demethylation effect on GAS5, promote the degradation of GAS5 by YTHDF2, and subsequently reduce the expression of GAS5.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Additional folate supplementation during early embryonic development may serve as a strategy for preventing HSCR.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"65 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148653147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polygenic risk scores predict blood pressure changes independent of dietary intervention: a secondary analysis of the NUPRESS trial.","authors":"Luciana C Holzbach, Aline Marcadenti, Angela C Bersch-Ferreira, Rachel H Vieira Machado, Ana Paula P F Carvalho, Sônia L Pinto, Andreza M Penafort, Alexandre S G Coelho, Cristiane Cominetti","doi":"10.1007/s00394-026-04072-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-026-04072-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate whether genetic variability, assessed through polygenic risk scores (PRSs), predicts blood pressure (BP) changes in individuals with systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), and to explore potential interactions between genetic risk and dietary interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study represents a secondary analysis of data from the Brazilian multicentre trial (NUPRESS), which compared a Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet (control group) with a multicomponent intervention (intervention group) over 180 days in adults with SAH. Participants underwent anthropometric assessment, cardiovascular risk evaluation, dietary assessment, and genotyping using a genomic microarray. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with BP changes were identified and used to construct PRSs. Multiple linear regression models were employed to examine associations between PRSs, dietary interventions, and changes in systolic (ΔSBP) and diastolic BP (ΔDBP).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 114 SNPs were associated with ΔSBP and 101 with ΔDBP. The resulting PRSs showed strong correlations with both ΔSBP (r = 0.85; p < 0.0001) and ΔDBP (r = 0.84; p < 0.0001). No significant effect of dietary intervention on BP changes was observed, and no interaction was identified between PRSs and dietary approach for ΔSBP (p = 0.98) or ΔDBP (p = 0.13).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PRSs derived from BP-associated SNPs were strong predictors of BP changes over six months, independent of dietary intervention. These findings support the potential utility of genetic profiling in predicting individual variability in BP response, although replication in independent cohorts is warranted. Main study trial registration number NCT03793881 on ClinicalTrials.gov.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"65 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148653136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-specific associations of urinary zinc, iron, and zinc-to-iron ratio with obesity indicators and phenotypes.","authors":"Jianqin Zhong, Linyuan Zhang, Xueyi Wu, Zixuan Xu, Shuyan Cheng, Tonghai Long, Tingting Yang, Feng Hong","doi":"10.1007/s00394-026-04067-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-026-04067-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Trace elements such as zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) may influence obesity risk; however, the role of their balance, reflected by the urinary zinc-to-iron ratio (ZIR), remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed baseline data from 14,761 adults aged 30-79 years in the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort. Urinary zinc and iron concentrations were normalized using urinary specific gravity to account for variations in urine dilution.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Urinary Zn and the ZIR were positively associated with waist circumference and general obesity. Urinary Fe was linked to increased hip circumference (β = 0.196, 95% CI 0.077-0.316) but a lower risk of overweight (OR = 0.947, 95% CI 0.907-0.988). These associations were stronger among individuals with higher obesity indicators. Stratified analyses showed sex-specific patterns: in males, ZIR was associated with overweight and abdominal obesity, while in females, urinary Zn and ZIR were significantly related to general obesity risk. Urinary Fe showed inverse associations with overweight and abdominal obesity in males (OR = 0.87 and 0.89, respectively), but was positively associated with abdominal obesity in females (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.13).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Urinary Zn, Fe, and ZIR are associated with obesity indicators and phenotypes, with notable sex differences. ZIR may serve as a non-invasive biomarker of obesity risk. These findings suggest the potential for sex-specific nutritional strategies in obesity prevention and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"65 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148619012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential of Nutri-Score to differentiate foods in regulating food marketing to children.","authors":"Anna Amberntsson, Mari Mohn Paulsen, Jorunn Sofie Randby, Kaja Lund-Iversen, Anne Lise Brantsæter, Lene Frost Andersen, Marianne Hope Abel","doi":"10.1007/s00394-026-04041-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-026-04041-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the potential of Nutri-Score to identify foods unsuitable for marketing to children by assessing its agreement with two established nutrient profiling models: WHO-EURO 2023 and the Norwegian Regulation on Marketing (NORMA). Further, we explored the impact of additional criteria to improve agreement. Addition, we evaluated the agreement between a modified Nutri-Score, the «NewTools-score», and WHO-EURO 2023 and NORMA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Products from the Norwegian food composition table (N = 1,944) were used to explore scenarios for Nutri-Score (and NewTools-score) against WHO-EURO and NORMA. The scenarios were: 1) All products scoring C-E not permitted for marketing, 2) Same as scenario 1, but with additional criteria for trans fatty acids, non-sugar sweeteners (NSS), and added sugar for beverages. For NORMA, a third scenario was tested as an extension of scenario 2, additionally banning selected food categories from marketing. Agreement was assessed through cross classification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Under scenario 1, 53% of products were classified as Nutri-Score C-E, and 47% and 23% not permitted for marketing under WHO-EURO and NORMA, respectively. Overall agreement between Nutri-Score C-E and WHO-EURO was 84%, and 66% with NORMA. However, Nutri-Score allowed some products within unhealthy food categories, e.g., ice creams with NSS. Applying additional criteria in scenarios 2 and 3 had important effects on banning such products. Results for the NewTools-score were almost identical.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Nutri-Score and the NewTools-score may be used for identifying a high proportion of products unsuitable for marketing to children. However, some additional criteria, including a complete ban from marketing in selected food categories, seems warranted to better protect children from exposure to marketing of unhealthy products.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"65 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13424713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148619140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between fish-related metabolites and metabolic syndrome risk factors in Japan: INTERLIPID metabolome -wide association study.","authors":"Tserenlkham Byambajav, Queenie Chan, Yukiko Okami, Aya Kadota, Naoko Miyagawa, Nagako Okuda, Hideaki Nakagawa, Kiyomi Sakata, Shigeyuki Saitoh, Akira Okayama, Katsushi Yoshita, Kamal Masaki, Chung-Ho E Lau, Timothy M Ebbels, Linda Van Horn, Elaine Holmes, Paul Elliott, Jeremiah Stamler, Hirotsugu Ueshima, Katsuyuki Miura","doi":"10.1007/s00394-026-04068-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-026-04068-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous findings for the association of fish intake and its related metabolites on risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) are inconsistent and limited. The prevalence of fish and shellfish consumers are high in Japan where it contributes to one fourth of the protein intake. We aimed to investigate the relationship of fish and fish-related metabolites with MetS risk factors in a community-dwelling Japanese population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 1047 Japanese men and women aged 40-59 years were included. Four in-depth multiple-pass 24-h dietary recalls, two timed 24-h urine collections, blood collection, extensive questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were collected for each participant. Urinary and serum profiles were obtained using ¹H Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean fish intake was 47.0 (SD 28.8) g per 1000 kcal. Urinary trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and taurine, and serum creatine and threonine were significantly correlated with fish intake and homarine was associated with shellfish intake (p < 0.01). Significant inverse associations were found between triglycerides and total fish intake, low omega-3 fish, urinary TMAO, taurine and between urinary taurine with systolic blood pressure. Direct association between urinary TMAO and serum threonine with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found several metabolites related to fish intake and risk factors of MetS in habitual fish-consuming country, Japan. When stratified by seafood type, raw and high omega-3 fish intake showed the strongest associations with urinary and serum metabolomes, while fried fish had weaker or non-significant correlations, suggesting that cooking methods may modulate the bioavailability or metabolic impact of fish nutrients. The combined panel of urinary TMAO and taurine with plasma creatine and threonine, reflecting seafood intake, was associated with a favorable lipid profile and lower blood pressure.</p><p><strong>Clinical trail registration: </strong>The INTERMAP study is registered as NCT00005271 at www.</p><p><strong>Clinicaltrials: </strong>gov .</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"65 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148619047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 10-month cluster-randomized trial to shift towards plant-forward meals in early childhood education and care centres: effects on bone and mineral metabolism in Finnish children.","authors":"Suvi T Itkonen, Jelena Meinilä, Sari Niinistö, Susanna Raulio, Henna Vepsäläinen, Liisa Korkalo, Satu Kinnunen, Mari Åkerlund, Tuuli E Korhonen, Terhi Vihervaara, Leena Forma, Merja Saarinen, Suvi M Virtanen, Maijaliisa Erkkola","doi":"10.1007/s00394-026-04063-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-026-04063-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>A shift towards predominantly plant-based diets is emphasized for health and environmental sustainability, but it may affect nutrient adequacy and bone health. We investigated the effects of plant-forward meals in Finnish early childhood education and care (ECEC) centres on bone metabolism and intakes of bone nutrients in 3-5-year-old children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ECEC centres were cluster-randomized for 10 months into 11 intervention (more plant-based products and less red meat served and moderation in milk consumption encouraged; n = 55 children for individual-level study) and 12 control (maintained regular meals; n = 61 children) ECEC centres. In the intervention arm, 18 children and in the control arm 28 children provided complete (baseline and endpoint) blood samples and dietary data (food frequency questionnaire). Circulating biomarkers (e.g. serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b [S-TRAP5b], total and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase [S-ALP; S-BAP], 25-hydroxyvitamin D [S-25(OH)D], and plasma parathyroid hormone) and intakes of calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus, and protein were analysed using mixed models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intervention group had higher bone formation marker S-BAP (0.05 log-U/L, 95% CI 0.004-0.104; p = 0.04), bone resorption marker S-TRAP5b (2.12 U/L, 95% CI 0.35-3.90; p = 0.02), and S-ALP (0.034 log-U/L, 95% CI 0.002-0.066; p = 0.04) concentrations than the control group. No effects on other biomarkers or any nutrient intakes were observed. Mean S-25(OH)D concentrations were adequate (≥ 50 nmol/L).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The clinical relevance of the results indicating accelerated bone turnover without observing any effects on the intakes of critical nutrients requires further investigations to avoid potential harmful consequences for long-term bone health with the shift to plant-forward diets.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05249946. Registered 29 November 2021, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05249946 .</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"65 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13395845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148561109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct effects of supplementation with resistant starch and polydextrose on plasma and faecal bile acid profile and associations with gut microbiota: a randomised, controlled intervention in healthy participants.","authors":"Jiemin Fan, Gwenaelle le Gall, Fiona C Malcomson, Panayiotis Louca, Lauren Beck, Andrew Nelson, Naomi D Willis, Iain McCallum, Long Xie, Arthur C Ouwehand, Julian D Stowell, Seamus B Kelly, Michael Bradburn, Nigel J Belshaw, Ian T Johnson, Christopher J Stewart, Michael Müller, Bernard M Corfe, John C Mathers","doi":"10.1007/s00394-026-04060-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-026-04060-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Dietary fibre may influence bile acid (BA) metabolism via interactions with gut microbiota. We hypothesised that dietary fibres with distinct fermentative properties, resistant starch (RS) and polydextrose (PD), would differentially alter BA profiles in plasma and faeces through gut microbiota-mediated mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>BA profiles were analysed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry in plasma (n = 74) and faeces (n = 50) from a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled 2 × 2 factorial trial. Healthy participants consumed 23 g/day Hi-maize^®260 (type 2 RS) and/or 12 g/day Litesse^®Ultra™ (PD) for 50 days. The intervention effects of RS and PD on BA profile were investigated using general linear models and beta regression models. Genus abundances derived from 16 S rRNA gene sequencing were used to investigate fibre-specific microbial correlations with BA profiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Supplementation with RS, but not PD, increased a range of conjugated BAs and deoxycholic acid (FDR < 0.05). Concentrations of taurochenodeoxycholic acid (FDR = 0.027) and taurine conjugated BAs (FDR = 0.049) in plasma correlated positively with Akkermansia abundance in response to RS. Although neither RS nor PD altered BA concentrations in faeces, RS decreased (p = 0.032) and PD increased (p = 0.012) faecal proportions of primary BAs. PD reduced secondary BA transformation ratios (p < 0.05), along with shifts in related microbial associations. There were negative correlations between plasma primary conjugated BAs and faecal secondary BAs in response to RS specifically (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RS increased plasma BAs, particularly conjugated BAs, whereas PD reduced faecal secondary BA transformation. The distinct impacts of RS and PD on BA profiles and fibre-specific microbial associations may underlie their differential metabolic effects. Trail registration The DISC Study was registered with https://clinicaltrials.gov/ (Identifier NCT01214681) in 2010.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"65 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13396052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148561043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of vitamin D supplementation on depression and anxiety in young individuals with depression and vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency.","authors":"Yun-Tse Lee, Hui-Chun Huang, Kai-Ting Ko, Fang-Ju Sun, Tsung-Han Lee, Hui-Ching Liu, Shu-I Wu, Chiu-Rong Huang, Ming-Ru Sung, Shen-Ing Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00394-026-04061-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-026-04061-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study evaluates the effects of vitamin D supplementation on depression and anxiety in young people with major depression and vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This partially randomized patient preference trial enrolled outpatients aged 10-24 with major depression and vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency. Participants who expressed a preference received vitamin D, while others were randomly assigned to vitamin D or placebo groups. Randomization was performed using computer-generated random numbers in blocks of four, with allocation concealed from researchers, participants, and treating physicians. Supplementation groups received 4,800 IU of vitamin D3 daily for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was assessor-rated depressive symptoms measured using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Secondary outcomes were self-reported depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II) and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 108 participants were included and assigned to three groups: randomized vitamin D (RVD, n = 41; mild/moderate-to-severe depression, 23/18), preference vitamin D (PVD, n = 28; 16/12), and placebo (PL, n = 39; 23/16). Among adolescents (10-19 years), 9/8 in the RVD group had mild/moderate-to-severe depression, compared to 9/8 in the PVD group, and 10/7 in the PL group. There was no significant difference in depression between the RVD and PL groups (B =  - 0.30, 95% CI [- 1.81, 1.21], p = 0.698), however anxiety was reduced in the RVD group (B =  - 1.78, 95% CI [- 3.35, - 0.32], p = 0.026). Subgroup analyses revealed that the participants with moderate-to-severe depression in the RVD groups had reduced depression and anxiety versus placebo. However, the subgroup of adolescents with moderate-to-severe depression did not differ in all outcome scores in the RVD versus placebo. There were no significant differences between the PVD and RVD groups. No differences in hypercalcemia or hyperphosphatemia were observed. The trial was completed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vitamin D supplementation may benefit young people with moderate-to-severe depression and vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency. While sample size constraints favor an exploratory interpretation of these findings, this study provides a valuable piece of the puzzle; future trials are essential to complete the clinical picture.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"65 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148561113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}