European Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Impact of high lodine and fluoride intake on children's IQ in rural China.","authors":"Yuting Xia, Yunjie Ye, Mao Liu, Yang Wang, Li Shang, Peihua Wang, Hong Sun","doi":"10.1007/s00394-025-03617-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-025-03617-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Excessive intake of both fluorine and iodine can lead to various health effects. The potential influence of excessive fluorine and iodine intake on the intelligence of school-age children has become a notable concern.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the relationship between urinary fluoride (UF) levels, urinary iodine (UI) levels, and intelligence quotient (IQ).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study involved 711 children aged 8 to 12 from rural Jiangsu, China. Water iodine levels were measured using As³⁺-Ce⁴⁺ catalytic spectrophotometry, while UI levels were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Fluoride levels in urine and drinking water were measured using the ion-selective electrode method. Children's cognitive function, evaluated through IQ scores, was assessed using the Combined Raven's Test. The results were considered significant at the P < 0.05 level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average IQ score was 107.6, the median UF was 281 µg/L, and the median UI was 1.39 mg/L. The correlation coefficient (β) and confidence interval (95%CI) for UF and UI on IQ were - 3.34 (-4.14, -2.43) and - 3.31 (-4.19, -2.41), respectively (P < 0.001, P < 0.001). UF > 1.4 mg/L and UI ≥ 300 µg/L were negatively correlated with IQ scores in all school-age children (P < 0.001, P < 0.001), with β and 95% CIs of -3.59 (-5.45, -1.74), -4.06 (-5.91, -2.21), respectively. The interaction term (UF > 1.4 mg/L: UI ≥ 300 µg/L) was negatively correlated with IQ scores in all (P = 0.041) and female school-age children (P = 0.007), with β and 95%CIs of -4.43 (-8.66, -0.19) and - 8.87 (-15.16, -2.40), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High levels of both fluoride and iodine intake negatively affect the IQ of school-age children. Monitoring and regulating these elements in children's diets is essential to prevent cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 2","pages":"104"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of consumption of vitamin D fortified foods on serum vitamin D concentrations and vitamin D status in families living in Pune, India: an effectiveness study.","authors":"Rubina Mandlik, Swapna Deshpande, Dipali Ladkat, Vivek Patwardhan, Anuradha Khadilkar","doi":"10.1007/s00394-025-03624-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-025-03624-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Research on the effectiveness of food fortification in addressing vitamin D deficiency among Indians is scarce. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of consumption of vitamin D fortified foods among families living in Pune, India over 2 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data in this community-based, longitudinal study were collected from 104 families recruited in two arms [Fortified: 51 families (180 participants); Unfortified: 53 families (173 participants)]. Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry was used to estimate serum 25OHD₂ and 25OHD₃ concentrations. Difference in the mean change in 25OHD₂ concentrations over 2 years between the two arms was the primary endpoint. Improvement of vitamin D status at endline was the secondary endpoint.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Consumption of vitamin D rich foods was rarely reported. Participants in the fortified arm consumed an average of 42.5% of the RDA for vitamin D (255 IU vitamin D/day) throughout the study period. Endline 25OHD₂ concentrations in children and adults in the fortified arm were higher by 1.3 and 1.2 nmol/L, respectively, as compared to their unfortified arm counterparts, after adjusting for age and body fat. Neither the change in total 25OHD concentrations nor the improvement in D status were significantly different between the arms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current vitamin D fortification strategy in India, while effective in maintaining the vitamin D₂ concentrations in both children and adults, was ineffective in improving total vitamin D concentrations or status. There is a need for reassessment of the Indian food fortification policy regarding fortificant type, amount, and vehicle to achieve desired outcomes effectively.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Clinical Trials identifier NCT05541094 (date: 21st March 2023)-retrospectively registered.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 2","pages":"105"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy and safety of berberine in combination with cinnamon supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Asieh Mansour, Sayed Mahmoud Sajjadi-Jazi, Hadis Gerami, Atie Sadat Khorasanian, Behnam Moalemzadeh, Sara Karimi, Nima Mohamadi Afrakoti, Vahid Mofid, Mohammad Reza Mohajeri-Tehrani, Azita Hekmatdoost","doi":"10.1007/s00394-025-03618-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-025-03618-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes is a serious global health issue and increases the risk of several chronic diseases. However, if hyperglycemia and other metabolic abnormalities related to diabetes are controlled, fewer micro- and macrovascular complications may occur.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate whether daily supplementation with berberine in combination with cinnamon could have effect on cardiometabolic risk factors, such as impaired glucose regulation, dyslipidemia, and hypertension in patients with diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited to participate in a parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study. Participants were randomized into berberine in combination with cinnamon supplementation or placebo group. Participants were then asked to take a divided daily dose of 1200 mg berberine and 600 mg cinnamon or placebo for 12 weeks. ANCOVA was then performed to evaluate the differences between the two groups, controlling for the respective baseline values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the end of study, fasting blood sugar (FBS) (P = 0.031) and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) (P = 0.013) were significantly lower in participants taking berberine plus cinnamon than those taking the placebo capsules. The results of the serum lipid profile also indicated a significant difference in the level of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P = 0.039), while no difference was observed in the levels of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides between the study groups. In addition, there was no difference in other measured metabolic and anthropometric parameters between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Twelve weeks of berberine plus cinnamon consumption reduced blood FBS, HbA1c and LDL-C concentration in patients with diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 2","pages":"102"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inter-individual differences in the blood pressure lowering effects of dietary nitrate: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled replicate crossover trial.","authors":"Eleanor Hayes, Shatha Alhulaefi, Mario Siervo, Eleanor Whyte, Rachel Kimble, Jamie Matu, Alex Griffiths, Marc Sim, Mia Burleigh, Chris Easton, Lorenzo Lolli, Greg Atkinson, John C Mathers, Oliver M Shannon","doi":"10.1007/s00394-025-03616-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-025-03616-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Dietary nitrate supplementation increases nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and reduces blood pressure (BP). Inter-individual differences in these responses are suspected but have not been investigated using robust designs, e.g., replicate crossover, and appropriate statistical models. We examined the within-individual consistency of the effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on NO biomarkers and BP, and quantified inter-individual response differences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen healthy males visited the laboratory four times. On two visits, participants consumed 140 ml nitrate-rich beetroot juice (~ 14.0mmol nitrate) and, on the other two visits, they consumed 140 ml nitrate-depleted beetroot juice (~ 0.03mmol nitrate). Plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations were measured 2.5 h post-supplementation. BP was measured pre- and 2.5 h post-supplementation. Between-replicate correlations were quantified for the placebo-adjusted post-supplementation plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and pre-to-post changes in BP. Within-participant linear mixed models and a meta-analytic approach estimated participant-by-condition treatment response variability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nitrate-rich beetroot juice supplementation elevated plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and reduced systolic (mean:-7mmHg, 95%CI: -3 to -11mmHg) and diastolic (mean:-6mmHg, 95%CI: -2 to -9mmHg) BP versus placebo. The participant-by-condition interaction response variability from the mixed model was ± 7mmHg (95%CI: 3 to 9mmHg) for systolic BP and consistent with the treatment effect heterogeneity t = ± 7mmHg (95%CI: 5 to 12mmHg) derived from the meta-analytic approach. The between-replicate correlations were moderate-to-large for plasma nitrate, nitrite and systolic BP (r = 0.55 to 0.91).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on NO biomarkers and systolic BP varied significantly from participant to participant. The causes of this inter-individual variation deserve further investigation.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05514821 .</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 2","pages":"101"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11850510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of socioeconomic status on intelligence in school-age children in Xuyong County: a mediation analysis of nutrition literacy and dietary diversity.","authors":"Youhui Qian, Qin Su, Wenda Liu, Lilai Ma, Mengting Ma, Ling Ma","doi":"10.1007/s00394-025-03599-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-025-03599-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>While children's nutrition in rural areas has garnered attention, the most studies focus on underweight, obesity and anemia, neglecting the importance of intelligence in children's current academic performance and future success. This study aimed to examine how food and nutrition literacy (FNLIT) and dietary diversity score (DDS) mediate the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on the intelligence development, offering insights for improving childhood nutrition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study employed a stratified cluster random sampling method and included 1704 children aged between 8 and 16 years. Questionnaires was used to collect demographic data, FNLIT, DDS and Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) scores. SES was constructed using principal component analysis. Linear regression analysis was used to explore the interrelationship between the variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean scores for FNLIT, DDS, and SPM were 58.06 ± 7.00, 6.25 ± 1.64, and 37.60 ± 8.91, respectively. SES is positively correlated with SPM (B = 0.434, p < 0.01); FNLIT mediates the relationship between SES and SPM (B = 0.065, 95% CI: 0.035, 0.098). Among participants with DDS ≤ 6, DDS mediates the relationship between SES and SPM (B = 0.017, 95% CI: 0.0002, 0.044). For students with DDS ≤ 6, FNLIT + DDS has a positive mediated (B = 0.003, 95% CI: 0.0004, 0.007), while for primary students, it show a negative effect (B = - 0.003, 95% CI: - 0.008, - 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both FNLIT and DDS have impacts on children intelligence. Nutrition education and dietary interventions should prioritize children with low SES and inadequate DDS to enhance intellectual development.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 2","pages":"100"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A single dose of cajuína does not improve leukocyte count, lipid peroxidation, and physical performance in runners: a randomized, crossover, double‑blind, placebo study.","authors":"Luiz José Frota Solon-Júnior, Leonardo de Sousa Fortes, José Klinger da Silva Oliveira, Lydiane de Lima Tavares Toscano, Luiz Vieira da Silva Neto","doi":"10.1007/s00394-025-03612-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-025-03612-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the effects of a single dose of cajuína juice physical performance, leukocyte counts, and oxidative stress markers following a 10-km time trial in male runners.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of nine recreationally trained male runners (32 ± 9.2 years; 70.9 ± 8.1 kg, 1.71 ± 0.06 m, 3.9 ± 1.9 training sessions per week) were randomly assigned to receive either cajuína juice (containing approximately one gram of vitamin C) or a placebo (a similar drink containing 0 mg of vitamin C) two hours before exercise, with a one-week washout period between interventions. Blood samples were collected immediately before ingestion and post-exercise. Leukocyte counts, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA), uric acid, and albumin concentrations, were analyzed from the samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Physical performance was not affected by cajuína intake (p > 0.05). Although a time effect (p = 0.01) was observed for MDA concentrations, no condition (p = 0.47) or interaction effects (p = 0.84) were revealed. Additionally, there were no effects of condition, time, and interaction for albumin (p = 0.83, p = 0.37, and p = 0.16, respectively) and uric acid (p = 0.64, p = 0.19, and p = 0.55, respectively) concentrations. No significant or positive changes in leukocyte counts were observed (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The single-dose intake of cajuína (Anacardium occidentale L.) does not improve leukocyte count, lipid peroxidation, or physical performance in recreationally trained male runners subjected to a 10-km time trial.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The study was registered in the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (REBEC) under the following registration number: RBR-3cb6qtz. The study was prospectively registered on November 17, 2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 2","pages":"99"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin and mineral supplements and fatigue: a prospective study.","authors":"Sisi Xie, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Vanessa Kraege","doi":"10.1007/s00394-025-03615-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-025-03615-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The consumption of vitamin/mineral supplements (VMS) and vitamin/mineral and/or dietary supplements (VMDS) is popular among the general population. However, the association of VMS/VMDS with fatigue remains sparse and conclusions are mixed. We aimed to understand the association between VMS/VMDS and fatigue.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospective study in the city of Lausanne, Switzerland, including 1361 participants (50.3% female, mean age 61.0 ± 9.4 years). Participants were divided into VMS/VMDS users and non-users. Fatigue levels were assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and the 14-item version of the Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS). Statistical analyses included multivariable logistic regression for categorical outcomes and analysis of variance for continuous outcomes, adjusting for relevant covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No association was found between VMS consumption and changes in FSS (mean ± standard error 0.05 ± 0.03 vs. -0.06 ± 0.14 for non-consumers and consumers, respectively, p = 0.440) and CFS (-0.05 ± 0.06 vs. 0.22 ± 0.28, p = 0.388). Similarly, no effect of VMS consumption was found on incidence odds ratio and 95% confidence interval: 1.75 (0.82-3.74), p = 0.149 or remission 1.36 (0.49-3.74), p = 0.550 of clinical fatigue. Similar findings were obtained for VMDS: FSS 0.06 ± 0.04 vs. 0 ± 0.08, p = 0.577; CFS - 0.07 ± 0.08 vs. 0.04 ± 0.15, p = 0.545 for non-consumers and consumers, respectively. OR 1.96 (1.20-3.20), p = 0.008 and 1.14 (0.57-2.31), p = 0.712 for incidence and remission of fatigue. Alternate or persistent VMS/ VMDS consumers had a higher incidence of clinical fatigue and a higher increase in FSS compared with never consumers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this population-based sample, we found no consistent association between VMS or VMDS consumption and remission of fatigue. Conversely, VMDS users tended to develop greater fatigue.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 2","pages":"98"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11889016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary climate impact correlates ambiguously with health biomarkers- a randomised controlled trial in healthy Finnish adults.","authors":"Merja Saarinen, Tiina Pellinen, Joel Kostensalo, Jouni Nousiainen, Katri Joensuu, Suvi T Itkonen, Anne-Maria Pajari","doi":"10.1007/s00394-025-03609-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-025-03609-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>A transition to more plant-rich diets is an effective way to reduce the climate impact of a diet. Using a whole-diet approach, we studied how partial replacement of animal-sourced with plant-sourced proteins affected the dietary climate impact while simultaneously considering diet-related health biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a 12-week randomised controlled trial, 107 women and 29 men were assigned into three diet groups (ANIMAL, 50/50, PLANT) with animal-to-plant-protein ratios of 70/30, 50/50, and 30/70, respectively. Life-cycle-assessment-based coefficients for foods were used to assess the climate impact of the diet groups, based on four-day food records. Correlations between climate impact and biomarkers were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The climate impact (CO₂ eq.) for PLANT was 3.32 kg per day, 3.05 kg per 2,000 kcal, and 0.04 kg per gram of protein, for 50/50 4.34, 4.20, and 0.05 kg, and for ANIMAL 4.93, 4.94, and 0.06 kg, respectively (p < 0.05 for all except ANIMAL vs. 50/50 /g protein and /2,000 kcal). Climate impact correlated weakly positively with colorectal cancer risk markers and a positive status of bone turnover, but not with cardiometabolic risk markers. Animal-based iron intake and climate impact (per 2,000 kcal) had a strong positive correlation 0.70 C.I. [0.60, 0.77], while saturated fat (0.29 [0.13, 0.44]) and calcium (0.37, [0.22, 0.51]) intake had a weak positive correlation, and fibre intake (- 0.37, [- 0.51, - 0.21]) a weak negative correlation with climate impact.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Replacing animal-sourced proteins with plant-sourced proteins reduced the climate impact of the diet. The relationship between climate impact and biomarkers was more ambiguous indicated by both beneficial and harmful indicators within lower climate impacts.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registry: </strong>NCT03206827; registration date: 2017-06-30.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 2","pages":"95"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refined highland barley ameliorates obesity-associated insulin resistance in high-fat diet-fed mice by targeting the gut microbiota and liver transcriptomics.","authors":"Tong Wu, Zijian Dai, Yingting Luo, Qinye Yu, Yiyun Zhang, Xin Bao, Rong Li, Yuhong Zhang, Jing Hao, Qun Shen, Yong Xue","doi":"10.1007/s00394-025-03614-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-025-03614-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>It is generally believed that refined grains lack nutritional value compared to whole grains. The objective of this study was to investigate whether refined highland barley (RHB) holds the potential to combat obesity-associated insulin resistance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-two male 6-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups fed with a normal chow diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), a 30% RHB supplemented HFD diet, and a 30% whole-grain highland barley (WGHB) supplemented HFD diet. We examined the anti-obesity and anti-insulin resistance effects of RHB and compared them with WGHB in mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RHB intervention effectively improved obesity and insulin resistance, enhanced the intestinal mucosal barrier, and reduced inflammation. Moreover, it promoted the abundance of beneficial gut bacteria such as Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-001, Alloprevotella, and increased the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in faeces. Additionally, RHB intervention modulated liver gene transcription, downregulating inflammatory genes like IRF3/7, STAT1/2, NLRP3, and TLR2.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RHB could effectively alleviate obesity-related insulin resistance by targeting gut microbiota and liver transcriptomics, and its beneficial impacts are comparable to those of WGHB.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 2","pages":"96"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between shift work and eating behaviours, sleep quality, and mental health among Italian workers.","authors":"Sofia Lotti, Martina Moretton, Michela Bulgari, Lara Costantini, Margherita Dall'Asta, Ramona De Amicis, Simona Esposito, Cinzia Ferraris, Simona Fiorini, Elena Formisano, Debora Giustozzi, Monica Guglielmetti, Valentina Membrino, Alessia Moroni, Antonia Napoletano, Nicoletta Perone, Elisa Proietti, Marta Tristan Asensi, Giorgia Vici, Barbara Colombini, Daniela Martini, Francesco Sofi, Monica Dinu","doi":"10.1007/s00394-025-03600-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-025-03600-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Recent studies indicate that shift work may affect workers' eating habits and overall well-being. This study aimed to assess differences in eating patterns, sleep quality, and mental health between Italian shift and non-shift workers, with a focus on individual chronotype and the type of shift work (day vs. night shift).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The cross-sectional study involved 322 subjects (166 shift and 156 non-shift workers). Eating habits were evaluated using a 7-day diary and the Medi-Lite questionnaire. Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and mental health with the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS). Individual chronotype was defined using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences in daily energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient intake between the two groups, nor in the temporal pattern of eating. However, shift workers had significantly (p < 0.05) lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) (7.6 ± 2.3 vs 8.1 ± 2.2) compared to non-shift workers. Shift workers also reported significantly poorer sleep quality (mean PSQI score 7.6 ± 3.7 vs. 5.8 ± 3.0) and higher levels of anxiety and stress symptoms. Among shift workers, those with an evening chronotype had significantly lower MD adherence than those with a morning chronotypes. Additionally, night shift workers experienced more sleep disturbances compared to day ones.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Shift workers reported lower MD adherence, poorer sleep quality, and a higher prevalence of anxiety and stress symptoms compared to a similar group of non-shift workers. Evening chronotypes and night shift work were associated with worse eating habits and sleep quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 2","pages":"97"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}