European Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Validation and cultural adaptation of the pregnancy-adapted Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (ITpreg-MEDAS) in Italian pregnant women.","authors":"Silvia Callegaro, Francesca Scazzina, Pedro Mena, Christine Tita Kaihura, Andrea Dall'Asta, Ramon Estruch, Rosa Casas, Alice Rosi","doi":"10.1007/s00394-026-04087-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-026-04087-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The beneficial effects of Mediterranean Diet (MD) during pregnancy are well established. However, validated tools adapted to assess adherence to the MD during pregnancy and across different cultural contexts remain limited. This study aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate an Italian version of the pregnancy-adapted Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (ITpreg-MEDAS), derived from the original Spanish preg-MEDAS questionnaire. We hypothesized that the ITpreg-MEDAS would show adequate construct validity and would be associated with markers of diet quality during pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The preg-MEDAS is a 17-item questionnaire designed to assess adherence to the MD among pregnant women. The Italian version was developed following a six steps process in accordance with established methodological guidelines: forward translation, synthesis I, blind-back translation, synthesis II, pre-testing, and validation. Psychometric properties were evaluated by assessing internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity, in a sample of Italian pregnant women.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The preg-MEDAS was translated and cross-cultural adapted, requiring some semantic revisions. All 25 Italian pregnant women involved in the pre-testing in pre-testing found it clear and comprehensible. A total of 116 Italian pregnant women participated in the validation phase, with a mean ITpreg-MEDAS score of 7.2 ± 2.5 out of 17, indicating medium adherence to the MD. Reliability was confirmed by good test-retest correlation (r = 0.756) and acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.623).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ITpreg-MEDAS is a reliable and valid Italian version of the preg-MEDAS questionnaire, providing a simple tool to assess adherence to the Mediterranean Diet during pregnancy in both clinical practice and research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"65 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13526079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth parameters and IGF-1 axis biomarkers differ among omnivorous, vegetarian, and vegan children.","authors":"Inola E Allner, Wieland Kiess, Jürgen Kratzsch, Mandy Vogel","doi":"10.1007/s00394-026-04085-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-026-04085-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Whereas an increasing number of families choose a vegan or a vegetarian diet, the effects of a plant-based nutrition on height and BMI of children and their IGF-1- and IGFBP-3-serum concentrations as measures for growth and development are not entirely described.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>7344 serum samples were investigated from 2,508 healthy participants in the age of 3 months to 19 years. Anthropometric measurements as well as IGF-1-, and IGFBP-3-serum concentrations were compared between dietary groups using optimal 1:3 pair matching (from the age of 10).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Vegan children were shorter than vegetarians after adjustment for pubertal status (β = -0.59, p = 0.006) but the height of vegetarians was not different from omnivores. Vegans showed lower BMI-SDS than vegetarians, most prominently in the TS-adjusted model (β = -1.01, p = 0.009). Omnivores had the highest BMI-SDS (0.32 SDS). Vegans had lower IGF-1 levels than vegetarians and omnivores in the age-adjusted model (ß = -0.52, p = 0.031). Vegetarians exhibited lower IGF-1 concentrations than omnivores in age- and TS- adjusted models. Vegans showed significantly lower IGFBP-3-SDS than vegetarians in TS-adjusted models (β = -0.75, p = 0.042). IGFBP-3 values were lower in vegetarians than in omnivores after adjustment for age (β = -0.18, p = 0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Children following a vegan diet are significantly smaller and have a lower BMI than their peers. Both, vegetarian and vegan diets are associated with lower BMIs and lower IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 values. These findings highlight the potential relevance of dietary composition for growth childhood.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>LIFE Child is registered with Clinical Trials.gov (NCT02550236) since October 2010. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02550236.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"65 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13526060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148856976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of reduced gluten intake through the inclusion of yellow pea-based products on abdominal symptoms in habitual wheat consumers: a non-randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Hitoshi Shimbo, Mamoru Ito, Yuto Aoki, Joto Yoshimoto, Mikiya Kishi, Jiro Saito, Yukihiro Ohya, Masashi Nakamura, Senju Hashimoto, Akiko Yagami","doi":"10.1007/s00394-026-04097-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-026-04097-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Increasing attention has been paid to individuals who report gastrointestinal symptoms following wheat consumption. In addition to wheat allergy and celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) has been proposed as a clinical entity. Despite persistent symptoms, many affected individuals continue to consume wheat-containing foods. We aimed to investigate the impact of replacing wheat-based foods with gluten-reduced foods, specifically yellow pea pasta (YPP), bread (YPB), and chips (YPC), on the abdominal symptoms, quality of life (QOL), and gut microbiota in healthy individuals who habitually consume wheat frequently.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty men and women aged 18-64 years with habitual high wheat intake were enrolled and divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of abdominal symptoms. Participants followed a 4-week gluten-reduced diet intervention using YPP, YPB, and YPC. Abdominal symptoms, QOL, gut microbiota, and selected blood biomarkers were evaluated before and after the intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intervention led to significant improvement in abdominal distension, abdominal pain or discomfort, feeling of incomplete evacuation, hard stools, and urgent need for defecation. Baseline QOL differences between groups were no longer evident. Analysis of gut microbiota revealed maintenance and/or an increase in short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, with significant correlations observed between specific bacterial shifts and symptom improvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Yellow pea-based products (YPP, YPB, and YPC) may represent a promising dietary strategy for alleviating abdominal symptoms in individuals with high wheat consumption. This study was registered in the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN Trial ID: UMIN000056466).</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"65 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13525955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148856970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between preconception folic acid intake and behavioural problems in children aged 2-8 years: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Alemayehu G Mekonnen, Dereje G Gete, Jenny Doust, Gita D Mishra","doi":"10.1007/s00394-026-04094-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-026-04094-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>While maternal folic acid intake during periconception is well-known for preventing neural tube defects, its association with childhood behavioural outcomes remains understudied. This study examined the association between preconception folic acid intake and behavioural problems in children aged 2-8 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed data from 646 children and their 563 mothers participating in the Mothers' and their Children's Healthcare Experience Study, a sub-study of the 1989-95 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Mothers reported preconception folic acid intake and rated their child's behaviours using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Analyses were conducted using Poisson regression with robust standard error.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nearly two-thirds (63%) of mothers reported taking FA supplements prior to the child's birth. Overall, 64% of children were reported to experience at least one behavioural problem across the behaviour difficulties subscales. After adjusting for potential confounders, children of mothers who reported taking FA supplements before conception had a 34% lower risk of peer relationship problems than those whose mothers did not (RR = 0.66; 95% CI 0.49-0.87). No associations were found between preconception folic acid intake and the total behavioural difficulties, emotional, conduct, or hyperactivity problem subscales.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While large prospective studies are required to confirm these associations, our findings suggest that preconception folic acid intake may lower the risk of peer relationship problems in offspring. Supporting mothers to become more aware of the benefits of folic acid intake may contribute to optimal peer relationship outcomes in their offspring.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"65 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13522053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148839798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediterranean diet adherence, healthy sleep, and lung cancer risk: a prospective study of 192,034 UK Biobank participants.","authors":"Yiming Chen, Enyu Tong, Xiaoman Jin, Yufeng Rao, Evan Y W Yu, Abdulmohsen H Al-Zalabani, Maurice Zeegers, Anke Wesselius","doi":"10.1007/s00394-026-04080-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-026-04080-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Diet and sleep have each been associated with cancer risk, but their joint association with lung cancer risk remains unclear. We investigated the association between a joint Mediterranean diet-sleep pattern and lung cancer risk in the UK Biobank. We also evaluated whether siesta modified the association between Mediterranean diet adherence and lung cancer risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were drawn from the UK Biobank. Mediterranean diet adherence was assessed using an adapted Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener, and sleep was evaluated using a composite score based on five sleep behaviors. Mediterranean diet and sleep scores were categorized into tertiles and jointly classified into nine levels of a diet-sleep pattern. Associations were examined using Fine-Gray proportional subdistribution hazards models that accounted for competing risks from all-cause mortality, yielding subdistribution hazard ratios (SHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 192,034 participants (median age 57 years; 54% were female) were included and followed for a median of 14 years, during which 1156 incident lung cancer cases occurred. Compared with participants in the lowest level, those in the highest level had a 43% lower risk of lung cancer (SHR 0.57, 95% CI 0.41-0.79; P = 0.001). No evidence was found that siesta modified the association between Mediterranean diet adherence and lung cancer risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The joint Mediterranean diet-sleep pattern was associated with a lower risk of lung cancer, although this finding should be interpreted as an observational association rather than evidence of causality.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"65 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13522091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148839847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral iron-induced stunting is associated with increased Christensenella abundance in a piglet model for human infants.","authors":"Munawar Abbas, Maria Batool, Zeynep Hayirli, Carlos Poveda, Kimon-Andreas Karatzas, Gemma E Walton, Umer Zeeshan Ijaz, Simon C Andrews, Marie C Lewis","doi":"10.1007/s00394-026-04082-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-026-04082-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) affects around 40% of < 5-year-olds globally. Unfortunately, IDA treatment by oral iron intervention often causes diarrhoea, thought to be linked to iron-induced changes in the gut microbiota. Piglets are valuable preclinical models for human infants since they share many physiological characteristics, have similar gut microbial populations and, if left untreated with iron, reliably develop IDA. We hypothesised that IDA and different forms of iron supplementation (oral and injection) would have differential effects on the gut microbiota that would consequently differentially impact immune and metabolic development during infancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>24 one-day-old piglets were litter-matched into 4 treatment groups (n = 6): control (no iron); intramuscular iron (IM, 200mg Fe); oral iron (200mg FeSO₄/kg feed); IM+oral iron combined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As expected, the iron-free treatment piglets developed IDA. This was combined with stunted growth and corresponding changes in plasma metabolites and immune parameters. However, although all 3 iron treatments prevented the development of IDA, piglets receiving oral iron were also stunted (compared to those which received IM iron; 14-19% weight-gain reduction over 27 days, p<0.05). This stunting was linked to significant changes in the expression of immune-associated proteins in the gut and specific bacterial genera, but not plasma metabolites. Importantly, the correlation between oral-iron treatment, reduced weight gain and increased Christensenella abundance provides novel evidence linking iron-induced stunting with Christensenella.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings relayed here thus raise health concerns for infants receiving iron-fortified formula milk and/or those in LMICs enrolled in blanket oral iron supplementation programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"65 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13521992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect modification of prenatal folic acid supplementation on the associations of pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain with offspring birth weight: a large prospective cohort study.","authors":"Yiming Hu, Lei Hou, Miao Yu, Rui Zhang, Xiaomin Wu, Baohua Wang, Jing Wu, Zhu Li","doi":"10.1007/s00394-026-04065-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-026-04065-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate associations of prenatal folic acid supplementation with offspring birth weight and whether supplementation modifies the associations of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) with birth weight.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from a population-based cohort study in China originally established to evaluate prenatal folic acid supplementation for neural tube defects prevention, including 192,596 mother-infant pairs with complete follow-up and essential variables. Multivariable regression models assessed associations of folic acid supplementation, pre-pregnancy BMI, and GWG with birth weight outcomes, incorporating interaction terms. Restricted cubic splines examined non-linear dose-response relationships. Sensitivity analyses used gestational-age- and sex-specific classifications of small, appropriate, and large for gestational age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Folic acid supplementation was associated with slightly lower mean birth weight than no supplementation (3,289.64 ± 414.93 g vs. 3,304.50 ± 427.78 g, P < 0.001), although the absolute difference was of limited clinical significance. Spline analyses showed that supplementation modestly attenuated the non-linear positive association between pre-pregnancy BMI and birth weight (P_interaction < 0.001). Folic acid supplementation was associated with a modestly lower risk of macrosomia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.927, 95% CI: 0.889-0.967, P < 0.001), and interacted with pre-pregnancy BMI on macrosomia risk (interaction aOR = 0.977, 95% CI: 0.962-0.993, P = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses supported the findings for excessive fetal growth.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prenatal folic acid supplementation was modestly associated with lower macrosomia risk and may modify the association between pre-pregnancy BMI and birth weight. Given the small effect sizes, observational design, and historical cohort context, these findings should be interpreted cautiously.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"65 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148839807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal diet and fatty acids in human milk: results of the MELK study.","authors":"Inga Petersohn, Peter L Zock, Karen Knipping, Elske M Brouwer-Brolsma, Edith J M Feskens","doi":"10.1007/s00394-026-04083-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-026-04083-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Human milk is the preferred nutrition for infants. Maternal diet influences its fatty acid composition particularly fish-derived fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Evidence for other fatty acids and associations with micronutrient intake remains inconsistent. This study examines associations between maternal macro- and micronutrient intake and human milk fatty acid composition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data of 109 breastfeeding mothers was collected. Dietary intake was assessed using repeated 24-h food records and a short food frequency questionnaire. Nutrient intakes were calculated using the Dutch food composition database. Human milk samples were collected at 6-8 weeks postpartum following a standardized protocol, and fatty acid concentrations were analyzed using ISO16958:2015. Associations between maternal diet and human milk fatty acids were evaluated using beta regression. The MELK study is registered at the ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN35735283).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher maternal intakes of n-3 PUFAs, n-6 PUFAs, and trans fatty acids (TFAs) were associated with higher proportions in milk. Milk total saturated fatty acids (SFA) were inversely associated with most dietary fatty acid groups. At the individual level, higher SFA intake was positively associated with several milk SFAs, while higher TFA intake was linked to higher palmitic acid in milk, intake of n-3 PUFA showed the opposite pattern. Higher micronutrient intake was associated with increased milk PUFA levels and lower SFA and TFA levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides further detail on links between maternal dietary fatty acids and their levels in human milk, and suggests that micronutrient and vitamin intake may also influence milk fatty acids.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"65 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13506561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148817460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of organic selenium supplementation on glycaemic control and quality of life in patients with diabetic neuropathy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.","authors":"Payam Bahari, Majid Mobasseri, Sahar Ranjbari, Elina Asadi, Leila Shojaie-Dizaji, Aliasghar Khakpaki, Azizeh Farshbaf-Khalili","doi":"10.1007/s00394-026-04091-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-026-04091-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), often complicated by diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), remains a leading global health burden. Despite advancements in pharmacotherapy, glycemic control is frequently suboptimal, prompting interest in adjunctive interventions. Selenium, a trace element with antioxidant and insulin-modulating properties, has been proposed as a potential therapeutic agent in T2DM management; however, evidence remains inconsistent, particularly in patients with DPN. To evaluate the effects of organic selenium supplementation on glycemic control, insulin resistance, quality of life, and sleep quality in individuals with T2DM and DPN.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial (ethics approval code: IR.TBZMED.REC.1401.374; trial registration number: IRCT20131009014957N10), 50 patients with T2DM and confirmed diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) were randomized to receive either 200 μg/day of organic selenium (as selenium-enriched yeast) or placebo for 8 weeks. Primary outcomes included changes in fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), HOMA-IR, and QUICKI. Secondary outcomes encompassed quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) and sleep quality (PSQI). Biochemical methods were used to measure laboratory biomarkers, and analysis was conducted using ANCOVA, adjusting for the baseline value of the outcome variable, baseline FBS, age, sex, BMI, and MNSI score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Selenium supplementation significantly reduced FBS [adjusted mean difference (aMD) (95% CI): -33.95 mg/dL(- 64.2 to - 5.5); p=0.021], HbA1c [aMD (95% CI): -1.20% (- 1.79 to - 0.61); p<0.001], and HOMA-IR [aMD (95% CI): -1.57 (- 3.06 to - 0.08); p=0.039), while increasing QUICKI (aMD (95% CI): 0.02 (0.003 to 0.034); p=0.018), compared to placebo. Improvements in WHOQOL-BREF and sleep quality were observed within the selenium group but did not reach statistical significance in between-group analyses except for improving daytime dysfunction of sleep quality [aMD (95% CI): -0.54 (- 1.05 to - 0.03); p=0.039). Adverse events were minimal and comparable across groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Eight weeks of organic selenium supplementation significantly improved glycemic indices and insulin sensitivity in patients with T2DM and DPN, without notable adverse effects. These findings suggest that selenium supplementation may serve as a potentially useful adjunctive intervention for improving short-term metabolic control in patients with T2DM and DPN. The approximately 1.2% reduction in HbA1c observed in this study may be clinically meaningful; however, the findings should be interpreted cautiously given the modest sample size, short follow-up duration, and single-centre design. Further long-term studies are warranted to elucidate its broader neuropsychological benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"65 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148790086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fruit and vegetable consumption, dietary and plasma carotenoids and risks of recurrence and progression in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.","authors":"Alina Vrieling, Joann Kiebach, Michiel Balvers, Katja K Aben, Antoine G van der Heijden, Ellen Kampman, Lambertus A Kiemeney","doi":"10.1007/s00394-026-04079-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-026-04079-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Fruit and vegetable consumption may decrease bladder cancer risk, but research on its relation to outcomes of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is scarce. We investigated the association of (changes in) pre- and postdiagnosis fruit and vegetable consumption, as well as postdiagnosis dietary and plasma carotenoids, with risks of recurrence and progression in patients with NMIBC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from patients with newly diagnosed NMIBC between 2014 and 2021 from the prospective multi-centre cohort UroLife was used. Patients reported prediagnosis diet (n = 1396), and diet at 3 and 15 months postdiagnosis (n = 1270). Plasma carotenoid concentrations were measured at 3 and 15 months postdiagnosis (n = 910). Multivariable proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to assess associations with risks of first recurrence, multiple recurrences, and progression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median follow-up time was 4.7 years, 466 patients had at least one recurrence, 139 had multiple recurrences, and 153 showed progression. Total fruit and vegetable consumption at 3 months postdiagnosis as well as pre-to-postdiagnosis increases in consumption were inversely associated with first recurrence risk (per 100 g/day: hazard ratio [HR] = 0.91, 95% confidence interval ([95%CI] 0.85-0.99 and HR = 0.90, 95%CI 0.81-0.99, respectively). Results were attenuated at 15 months after diagnosis. Total and individual dietary and plasma carotenoids were not associated with first recurrence risk. No associations with multiple recurrences and progression, and for prediagnosis fruit and vegetable consumption were found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher postdiagnosis fruit and vegetable consumption may have a beneficial role in NMIBC recurrence but not progression risk while no associations for dietary and plasma carotenoids were found.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"65 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13498472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148790104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}