European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics最新文献

{"title":"Preparation and characterization of the ground mixture of rebamipide commercial tablets and Hydroxypropyl Cellulose-SSL by ball-milling: Application to the dispersoid of mouthwash suspension","authors":"Senri Mizobuchi ,&nbsp;Kaoru Hirose ,&nbsp;Naoko Ishii ,&nbsp;Yayoi Kawano ,&nbsp;Takehisa Hanawa","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study, to prepare dispersoids with high dispersion stability that can be used as mouthwash, ground mixtures of commercial rebamipide (RB) tablets and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC-SSL) samples were prepared by dry milling. The physicochemical properties of the ground mixture of HPC-SSL and the powder obtained from the preliminary ground RB tablets were then compared. The dispersoids’ physicochemical properties, dispersion stability, retention, and diffusiveness to the mucosal surfaces were evaluated <em>in vitro</em>. By co-grinding with HPC-SSL, RB transformed into fine particles around 303.6 – 361.5 nm that tended to prevent particle agglomeration in solution over time. The sample microparticles formed with HPC-SSL also avoided agglomeration on the mucosal surface for 24 h, improving oral retention. Furthermore, the ground mixture of HPC-SSL and the powder obtained from the preliminary ground RB tablets dispersed and permeated the mucus gel layer on the mucosal surface (24.2 %) but not the mucosal cells, indicating that RB remained on the mucosal surface. These results suggest that ground mixtures of commercial rebamipide (RB) tablets and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC-SSL) samples can be applied as a powdered suspension preparation because they showed high dispersion stability and oral mucosal retention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12024,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 114584"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of naproxen crystallization by polymers: The role of topology and chain length of polyvinylpyrrolidone macromolecules.","authors":"Luiza Orszulak, Patryk Włodarczyk, Barbara Hachuła, Taoufik Lamrani, Karolina Jurkiewicz, Magdalena Tarnacka, Marek Hreczka, Kamil Kamiński, Ewa Kamińska","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper presents an innovative approach that utilizes self-synthesized homopolymers of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with different architectures as effective matrices for inhibiting the crystallization of naproxen (NAP). We have thoroughly investigated amorphous solid dispersions containing NAP and (i) self-synthesized linear PVP, (ii) self-synthesized three-armed star-shaped PVP, and (iii) self-synthesized linear PVP with a mass (M_n) corresponding to the length of one arm of the star polymer, as well as (iv) commercial linear PVP K30 as a reference. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies, as well as molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to gain comprehensive insights into the thermal and structural properties, as well as intermolecular interactions in the NAP-PVP systems. The main purpose of all experiments was to assess the impact of macromolecule structure (topology, molecular weight) on the kinetics of the crystallization of NAP - a drug that is very difficult to vitrify. Our studies clearly showed that the most effective matrix in inhibiting the NAP crystallization is linear, self-synthesized PVP with higher molecular weight (M_n) similar to that of the commercial PVP K30, but lower, strictly controlled dispersity. We also found that crystallization of API proceeds at a similar pace for the binary mixture composed of a star-shaped PVP and linear polymer with M_n corresponding to M_n of one arm of the star-shaped macromolecule in the vicinity of the T_g. The obtained data highlight the key role of polymer structure in designing new pharmaceutical formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12024,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":"114581"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142750493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical modeling and simulation for microneedles drug delivery: A novel comprehensive swelling-obstruction-mechanics model","authors":"Peijing Yang ,&nbsp;Qinghua Song ,&nbsp;Lujie Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhanqiang Liu ,&nbsp;Haifeng Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogel microneedles have attracted significant attention in drug delivery due to their non-invasiveness and efficient administration. However, a thorough understanding of the drug transport mechanism is essential to achieve controlled drug delivery and geometry optimization of microneedles. In this study, a new swelling-obstruction-mechanics model is presented to describe the swelling and drug release behavior of hydrogel microneedles. The model integrates the swelling kinetics, the obstruction scaling of drug molecules, and the mechanical properties of hydrogel and skin and reveals the effects of swelling of the microneedle matrix and drug molecules on drug release. Subsequently, numerical simulations were conducted using the model, which enabled the optimization of hydrogel microneedle design parameters by adjusting the input variables. The results show that the geometric parameters of microneedles, especially the cross-sectional shape, have a significant effect on the drug release performance. Nevertheless, the parameters affect each other and need to be considered in the selection of a variety of factors. Additionally, penetration depth significantly affects drug release efficiency, highlighting the need for auxiliary application devices. In summary, the model advances both theoretical understanding and practical design of hydrogel microneedles, identifying key factors in drug release and optimizing their efficiency and reliability for clinical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12024,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 114583"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multifaceted approach to understanding protein-buffer interactions in biopharmaceuticals","authors":"Blaž Lebar ,&nbsp;Maria Orehova ,&nbsp;Boštjan Japelj ,&nbsp;Ernest Šprager ,&nbsp;Rok Podlipec ,&nbsp;Tilen Knaflič ,&nbsp;Iztok Urbančič ,&nbsp;Benjamin Knez ,&nbsp;Mitja Zidar ,&nbsp;Jure Cerar ,&nbsp;Janez Mravljak ,&nbsp;Aleš Žula ,&nbsp;Denis Arčon ,&nbsp;Janez Plavec ,&nbsp;Stane Pajk","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The excipient selection process plays a crucial role in biopharmaceutical formulation development to ensure the long-term stability of the drug product. Though there are numerous options approved by regulatory authorities, only a subset is commonly utilized. Previous research has proposed various stabilization mechanisms, including protein-excipient interactions. However, identifying these interactions remains challenging due to their weak and transient nature. In this study, we present a comprehensive approach to identify such interactions. Using the <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mspace></mspace></mrow><mn>1</mn></msup><mi>H</mi></mrow></math></span> <span><math><msub><mi>T</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span> CPMG (Carr-Purcel-Meiboom-Gill) filter experiment we identified interactions of rituximab with certain buffers and amino acids, shedding light on its Fc fragment instability that manifested during the enzymatic cleavage of the antibody. Moreover, chemometric analyses of 2D NMR fingerprints revealed interactions of selected excipients with antibody fragments. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations revealed potential interacting hotspots without NMR spectra assignment. Our results highlight the importance of an orthogonal methods approach to uncovering these critical interactions, advancing our understanding of excipient stabilization mechanisms and rational formulation design in biopharmaceutics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12024,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 114582"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous twin-screw melt granulation of drug-loaded electrospun fibers","authors":"Petra Záhonyi,&nbsp;Áron Gábor Müncz,&nbsp;Anna Péter-Haraszti,&nbsp;Zsombor Kristóf Nagy,&nbsp;István Csontos,&nbsp;György Marosi,&nbsp;Edina Szabó","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrospinning (ES) is a promising continuous formulation strategy to produce amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) and thereby improve the dissolution of poorly water-soluble drugs. However, processing the electrospun material into solid dosage forms (e.g. tablets) is challenging due to the poor flow properties. In this research, continuous twin-screw melt granulation was applied to improve the flowability of the fibers and therefore ease the further processing steps. During this work, two ASD compositions were investigated: one containing 60 % poly-vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate 6:4 copolymer and 40 % itraconazole (ITR), and another one containing hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and ITR in the same ratio. Both fiber compositions were granulated with polyethene glycol as the binder material, while the effects of the process parameters were examined. The application of higher granulation temperature and screw configurations with increased shear forces compromised the fibrous structure, induced crystallization of the ASD, and decreased the dissolution. However, the stability of the ITR-HPMC fibers proved to be higher as their granulation at 60 °C led to granules with adequate flow properties and dissolution. Moreover, tablets with fewer excipients were pressed from them, resulting in a 34 % reduction in weight. Consequently, this process can complement ES technology and facilitate its industrial implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12024,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 114580"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homogeneity analysis of medicine tablets by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with multivariate methods","authors":"Amir Hossein Farhadian ,&nbsp;Maedeh Mollaei","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pharmaceutical tablets need to have a homogenous chemical structure, especially in cases where the patient may divide the tablet in half prior to consumption. This work aims to demonstrate the viability of using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for analyzing the homogeneity and determining the chemical composition of losartan potassium tablets. This was accomplished by obtaining the spectra of 10 tablet points in 30 successive laser pulses, which revealed four main peaks (C, H, N, and O) as well as a high concentration of calcium and potassium in the core tablets and titanium in the coating—all of which are excellent analytical objectives for LIBS. It is possible to say that the generated plasma meets the minimum requirement for local thermodynamic equilibrium because the physical parameters of the plasma, including temperature (T) and electronic density (N_e), were calculated throughout the Boltzmann plot and Stark broadened line, respectively, and the McWhirter criterion was met. In addition, T and N_e changes have been used for homogeneity analysis. Different peak comparisons cannot provide us with further data because the major structural components are similar, making it challenging to differentiate between them. So relative standard deviation (RSD) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to comprise the whole spectra, which showed that the homogeneity of the tablet’s core is better than that of the coating and is acceptable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12024,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 114579"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142638707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal peptide-loaded alginate microfiber wound dressing evaluated against Candida albicans in vitro and ex vivo","authors":"Sabrina S. Snyder,&nbsp;Crystal A. Rock,&nbsp;Nancy J. Millenbaugh","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Invasive fungal infections have high mortality rates, and many current antimycotics are limited by host toxicity and drug resistance. Recent experiments in our laboratory have demonstrated the antifungal activity of dKn2-7, a synthetic peptide, against <em>Candida albicans</em>. The purpose of the current study was to develop a wound dressing capable of dKn2-7 release for extended periods to help combat fungal infection in wounds. dKn2-7 was incorporated into calcium alginate microfibers, an excipient with known wound healing and hemostatic properties. dKn2-7 release rates from the fibers were dependent on drug loading, but all formulations exhibited a burst release with 41–71 % of total theoretical release in the first 15 min and 84–96 % release by 24 h. Calcium release at 15 min was similar to that of a commercial hemostatic dressing, indicating dKn2-7 loading would not adversely affect the hemostatic capability of the alginate fibers. <em>In vitro</em> antifungal studies indicated a dose dependent effect with fibers loaded at ≥20 µg/mg causing significant planktonic killing and ≥30 µg/mg causing significant biofilm killing. Viable fungal counts in biofilms grown on <em>ex vivo</em> porcine skin declined by 99 % following 500 µg/mg fiber treatment. Skin histology indicated no significant differences in tissue damage between treatment groups and controls. Results confirm calcium alginate microfibers are capable of binding and subsequently releasing dKn2-7 over a 24-h period when rehydrated. Furthermore, dKn2-7 released from the fibers was able to significantly reduce biofilms in an <em>ex vivo</em> model with minimal toxicity, indicating these dKn2-7-loaded fiber dressings may be effective at controlling <em>C. albicans</em> biofilm infections <em>in vivo</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12024,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 114578"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in the development of long acting injectable multivesicular liposomes (DepoFoam® technology)","authors":"Ji Li ,&nbsp;Ziyun Xia ,&nbsp;Minzhi Yu ,&nbsp;Anna Schwendeman","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multivesicular liposomes (DepoFoam® technology) are distinctive lipid-based sustained release drug delivery systems. Their non-concentric structure differentiates them from unilamellar and multilamellar liposomes. Several products using DepoFoam® technology have been successfully developed and translated into clinical and commercial applications. The unique composition and structure of these particles result in large drug-trap volumes, diverse loading capacities, variable release rates, and different administration routes. With all these advantages, DepoFoam® based products can achieve sustained release pharmacokinetics and significantly improved half-life in various subject species. However, the complexity of constituents and the manufacturing process, as well as the complicated structure and release mechanism, pose challenges to the translation and application of DepoFoam® technology. This review aims to summarize current approved commercial products based on DepoFoam® technology, their structures and components, large-scale manufacturing processes, release characteristics, <em>in vivo</em> pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes. Challenges in the development and approval of multivesicular liposomes are also highlighted. The persistent academic and industrial research will be needed to overcome the difficulties in developing this unique drug delivery system and pave the path for successful DepoFoam® applications in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12024,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 114577"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing effects of terpene-based deep eutectic solvent and solid microneedles on skin permeation of drugs with varying lipophilicity","authors":"Grzegorz S. Czyrski,&nbsp;Mikkel K. Frese Hjort,&nbsp;Thomas Rades,&nbsp;Andrea Heinz","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transdermal delivery of therapeutic molecules is often hindered by the properties of the skin, with the stratum corneum serving as the primary permeation barrier. To overcome this barrier, the integrity of the stratum corneum can be modified by chemical permeation enhancers, such as deep eutectic solvents (DESs), or by mechanically impairing the skin with microneedles (MNs). However, a systematic comparison between these strategies is currently lacking. Hence, this study examined the potential of DESs and MNs to promote the permeation and retention of drugs with varying lipophilicities – specifically, the hydrophilic drug metronidazole (logP ∼ 0), the moderately lipophilic drug lidocaine (logP ∼ 2.3), and the highly lipophilic drug clotrimazole (logP ∼ 5). A mixture of menthol and thymol was selected as a model terpene-based DES and delivery vehicle, while a DermaPen equipped with solid MNs was used to mechanically impair the skin. Permeation rates of model drugs applied to the skin with either DES, MNs, or both were compared to the rates determined for the drugs applied in control vehicles. Both strategies were found to compromise the skin barrier function, but their permeation-enhancing effect was dependent on the lipophilicity of tested model drug. The DES was most effective for the hydrophilic drug metronidazole, while the MNs were more effective in increasing the permeation of the highly lipophilic drug clotrimazole. For the moderately lipophilic drug lidocaine, neither the DES nor MNs increased its permeation rate, as the drug permeated through the skin well on its own. Notably, the combination of both enhancement strategies did not result in significantly better permeation rates of the drugs compared to the individual approaches. In conclusion, both the terpene-based DES and solid MNs are effective strategies to enhance drug permeation through the skin, but our results suggest that the choice of strategy should be dictated by the drug’s lipophilicity. Moreover, from a permeation-enhancing perspective, there is no benefit in combining these two strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12024,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 114576"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the potential of pulmonary surfactant-based nanocarriers for protein inhalation therapy","authors":"Kiramat Ali Shah ,&nbsp;Anam Razzaq ,&nbsp;Bengang You ,&nbsp;Amos Dormocara ,&nbsp;Haroon Iqbal ,&nbsp;Jing-Hao Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study investigates the effect of pulmonary surfactant (PS) coating on the performance of lysozyme-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs). The NPs were fabricated using a double emulsification technique and optimized using the Box-Behnken experimental design (BBED). The NPs were assessed for size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, drug loading (DL%), and encapsulation efficiency (EE%). In addition, the optimized PLGA NPs were modified with either a neutral dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine DPPC or an anionic dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) with different molar ratios of PS to PLGA (PS: PLGA = 1:2, 1:1 and 2:1). These NPs were assessed for biological activity, drug release, mucus adhesion, mucus penetration, cellular uptake, toxicity, and in vivo destiny after intratracheal (IT) instillation to mice. Results showed a bi-phasic drug release, with no significant effect of PS on the release and biological activities of PLGA NPs. The PS@PLGA NPs improved mucus adhesion, decreased mucus penetration, and increased cellular internalization of PLGA NPs. In addition, ex vivo experiments demonstrated that DPPC@PLGA NPs and DPPG@PLGA NPs could adhere to mucus. These NPs created a thicker layer at the interface of the airway compared to unmodified PLGA NPs. Moreover, interaction of PS@PLGA NPs with BALF suggested improved mucoadhesive characteristics. Finally, the in vivo studies confirmed the precise distribution of all NPs in the lungs after IT administration. The study presents empirical evidence and scientific guidance for developing a lung surfactant-modified nanocarrier system for lung drug delivery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12024,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 114574"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}