Environmental Technology最新文献

{"title":"The effects and underlying mechanisms of composting and extrusion pretreatment on anaerobic biogas production from wheat straw.","authors":"Guangyin Chen, Ya-Ge Li, Guang-Cai Ge, Yu-Juan Sun, Yu-Xin Zhang","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2026.2727085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2026.2727085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effects of moisture + extrusion and composting + extrusion treatments on the production of biogas from the anaerobic digestion (AD) of wheat straw (WS) were systematically investigated. The results showed that when the moisture content of WS was adjusted to 55% before extrusion and maintained for 24 h, the biogas production of both the unextruded and extruded samples reached the highest levels, which were 130.48 and 158.41 mL/g, respectively. Based on these results, the WS was further aerobically composted after adjusting its moisture content to 55%, and then extruded for biogas production. The biogas production of unextruded WS initially increased and then decreased, reaching the maximum of 129.40 mL/g when the composting temperature rose to 55°C. In contrast, the biogas production of extruded WS increased at all composting temperatures and reached the maximum of 150.83 mL/g at 55°C, which is 19.49% higher than the initial biogas production of extruded WS at the start of composting. Mechanistic analyses indicated that extrusion reduced particle size, increased specific surface area, and disrupted lignocellulosic structure, while composting promoted partial degradation of hemicellulose and lignin. These structural modifications enhanced substrate accessibility and microbial degradation, thereby boosting biogas production. In conclusion, the combination of composting and extrusion pretreatment can significantly improve the biogas production performance of anaerobic digestion of WS, with an increase ranging from 20.76% to 43.45%, which is worthy of further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148891391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoupling EPS-bound and intracellular phosphorus in waste activated sludge: A low-disturbance strategy for controlled recovery.","authors":"Junxi Nie, Liangqiu Huang, Ying Chen, Rongrong Wang, Yunjia Lv, Kun Dong, Qiong Wu, Yufeng Xu, Haixiang Li, Xuan Liu, Yanwu Wang, Wenyu Zhao, Dunqiu Wang","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2026.2722785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2026.2722785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phosphorus (P) in waste activated sludge (WAS) exists in both intracellular stores and fractions associated with extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). These EPS-bound phosphorus species are often stabilized through metal - phosphate - EPS linkages, which complicate their selective recovery. In this study, five single extraction methods (acidification, alkalization, heating, ultrasound, and EDTA chelation) and one combined approach (ultrasound-EDTA) were comparatively evaluated to elucidate their mechanisms of EPS disruption and P mobilization. Phosphorus speciation behavior under single treatments was characterized using ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance with phytic acid and sodium hexametaphosphate as model compounds, revealing that strong alkaline extraction caused extensive Poly-P depolymerization and OP hydrolysis, whereas EDTA and low-intensity ultrasound preserved P speciation but showed limited extraction efficiency. The ultrasound-EDTA combination achieved a synergistic effect, yielding 62.63 mg·g^-1 TSS of EPS and 9.6 mg·g^-1 TSS of phosphorus with only 13.2% cell apoptosis, comparable to alkaline extraction yet with minimal biological disruption. Confocal microscopic analysis confirmed that the released phosphorus predominantly originated from the EPS matrix, indicating that the hybrid treatment effectively targeted EPS-P while preventing intracellular release. These findings establish a non-destructive extraction pathway based on the coupling of physical cavitation and selective chelation, providing mechanistic insight into EPS-mediated P binding and offering a new strategy for controlled, high-efficiency phosphorus recovery from sludge.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148891431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copper binding heterogeneity of pH-fractionated soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) revealed by multi-spectroscopy and two-dimensional correlation analysis.","authors":"Jiang Xiao, Jinxi Li, Chunhua You, Shukui Zhou","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2026.2724418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2026.2724418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a pivotal role in governing the environmental behavior and fate of metal ions. The inherent heterogeneity of DOM, however, leads to complex and poorly understood interactions with heavy metals. In this study, soil DOM was fractionated into four pH-dependent fractions via PPL solid-phase extraction combined with sequential acid elution. The binding interactions of these fractions with Cu(II) were systematically investigated through and, coupled with two-dimensional correlation (2D-COS) analysis. The results indicated that low-pH fractions exhibited enhanced aromaticity and more pronounced spectral responses. Regardless of the DOM fraction, 2D-COS analysis revealed that short-wavelength chromophores (< 230 nm) preferentially coordinated with Cu(II), and the binding sequence of fluorescent components followed protein-like > fulvic-like > humic-like components. Moreover, functional group analysis showed that carboxyl C = O groups dominated the binding response, followed by aliphatic C-OH or phenolic O-H, while pH-based fractionation of DOM primarily influenced binding accessibility rather than binding mechanism. Meanwhile, the parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) results revealed that protein-like substances exhibited higher conditional stability constants, whereas humic-like fractions provided more accessible binding sites among the pH-dependent DOM fractions. Collectively, these findings illuminated that the heterogeneous complexation mechanisms between DOM fractions and Cu(II), and provide a basis for assessing environmental geochemical risks of heavy metals.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148891273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of sludge reduction in <i>Nostocoides</i>-driven enhanced biological phosphorus removal process.","authors":"Zetong Fu, Zhiwei Fan, Rui Yu, Haoyu Lin, Ziqi Zhao","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2026.2726400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2026.2726400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Nostocoides</i>, a key phosphate-accumulating organism (PAOs), is abundant in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs); however, the mechanism of sludge reduction in biological phosphorus removal systems under its dominance remains largely unknown. This study employed a lab-scale, exploratory multiparameter approach to examine extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) profiles, intracellular metabolites, microbial community, membrane integrity, and physiological activity to elucidate how <i>Nostocoides</i>-enriched enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) configurations accomplished sludge reduction. Waste-activated sludge (WAS) was repurposed as fermentation feedstock in the EBPR process. The findings indicate that a 43.23% reduction in sludge was achieved without any preliminary sludge pretreatment. The phosphorus removal rate was 99% without any supplemental carbon, which broke free from the reliance on influent organics that typified conventional EBPR. Illumina-based sequencing indicated that <i>Nostocoides</i> was the dominant bacterial community. Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectra showed that aromatic proteins derived from tyrosine and tryptophan, along with soluble microbial by-products embedded in the EPS matrix, were broken down to accelerate sludge disintegration. Flow cytometry was employed to assess membrane integrity along with overall microbial vitality and revealed that microbial cells underwent extensive death and lysis under WAS fermentation conditions, thereby releasing DNA and elevating its concentration in the supernatant, which represent key physiological changes driving sludge disintegration and organic carbon release for nutrient removal in this system. <i>Nostocoides</i>-governed EBPR configuration enables concomitant sludge reduction and nutrient elimination. This preliminary mechanistic exploration within <i>Nostocoides</i>-led EBPR configurations provides exploratory fundamental insights for advancing EBPR technology, with further validation required for practical engineering application.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the effect and mechanism of Cu²⁺ stress on sulphate reduction in microbial electrolysis cells.","authors":"Boya Zhang, Xupeng Zhao, Wenbin Zhang, Liqiong Bai, Lili Yu, Shujuan Liu, Ke Shi","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2026.2722340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2026.2722340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sulphate-rich industrial wastewater is often contaminated with heavy metals, yet their influence on microbial sulphate reduction remains poorly understood. This study investigated the response of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in a microbial electrolysis cell (0.8 V, 48 h cycles) to stepwise increasing Cu²⁺ concentrations (8-125 mg/L) under stirred conditions. When Cu²⁺ concentration increased from 8 to 55 mg/L, sulphate reduction efficiency over 48 h remained stable at approximately 90%, suggesting good SRB tolerance. When Cu²⁺ concentration was 85 mg/L, sulphate reduction efficiency over 48 h dropped sharply to 30-60%, coinciding with persistent Cu²⁺ removal below 40%. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from cathode effluent, analysed by 3D-EEM and FTIR, showed metal complexation capacity. However, excess Cu²⁺ caused cell deformation and lysis, as observed by TEM. These results indicate a concentration-dependent response with a critical toxicity threshold, providing a basis for operating bioelectrochemical systems treating copper-laden sulphate wastewater.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Bacillus smithii</i> XT-3 inoculation reduces ammonia emissions and promotes humification during co-composting of <i>Siraitia grosvenorii</i> residue and pig manure.","authors":"Biao Liu, Wei Chen, Zhen Wang, Minxi Wu, Yan Zeng, Ao Zeng, Bingxuan Tang, Zhaohui Guo, Hongmei Yin","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2026.2727073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2026.2727073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The co-composting of <i>Siraitia grosvenorii</i> residue and pig manure frequently faces challenges associated with substantial nitrogen loss and insufficient humification. To address these issues, the <i>Bacillus smithii</i> strain XT-3 was inoculated into the co-composting system to enhance nitrogen retention and promote humus formation during composting. The underlying mechanisms were further elucidated through metagenomic analysis. Inoculation with strain XT-3 reduced cumulative NH₃ emissions by 27.8% and increased humic acid content by 17.02%. Temporal variations in humic substances presented a synchronous decline in fulvic acid coupled with humic acid accumulation, facilitating faster attainment of compost maturity thresholds. Furthermore, XT-3 reshaped the microbial community involved in nitrogen metabolism by enhancing the relative enrichment of Bacillota during the thermophilic stage and elevating the relative abundance of Pseudomonadota and Bacteroidota during the cooling stage, along with strengthened positive microbial interactions. Functional annotation of KEGG orthologs indicated that XT-3 improved the genetic potential of ammonia assimilation pathways throughout composting. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that XT-3 may facilitate synergistic nitrogen retention and enhanced humification by modulating microbial community structure, strengthening positive microbial interactions, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the precise regulation of functional microorganisms during composting.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on uranium removal from simulated groundwater by <i>Leifsonia</i> sp. in the presence of clay minerals.","authors":"Kaixian Ke, Wenfa Tan, Mingchao Zhang, Yufei Chen, Boying Li","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2026.2724419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2026.2724419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the removal of U(VI) from multi-ion simulated groundwater using a uranium-tolerant indigenous strain <i>Leifsonia</i> sp. coupled with natural kaolinite and montmorillonite binary clay composites. Batch static experiments were performed to systematically quantify the independent and interactive effects of key variables (pH, reaction duration, initial U(VI) concentration, bacterial dry biomass dosage) and common groundwater coexisting ions on U(VI) immobilization efficiency. The binary clay-bacteria composite achieved optimal U(VI) removal performance, with a maximum removal efficiency of 94.23% under the optimized conditions of pH 6, 20 h reaction time, 10 mg·L^-¹ initial U(VI) concentration, and 0.6 g·L^-¹ bacterial biomass. Kinetic studies were further conducted to elucidate the adsorption behaviour, and the PSO model exhibited the best fitting performance, confirming the dominant chemisorption mechanism. Multi-technique characterizations including SEM-EDS, FTIR and XPS were applied to reveal the synergistic immobilization mechanism. Clay minerals significantly promoted bacterial cell attachment, alleviated bacterial aggregation and uranium cytotoxicity, and supplied abundant extra inorganic ion-exchange adsorption sites. FTIR spectra verified that hydroxyl, carboxyl, alkoxy and carbonyl functional groups from bacterial extracellular polymeric substances and clay lattices jointly coordinated uranyl ions. XPS high-resolution U4f spectra and quantitative peak fitting detected coexisting U(VI) and U(IV) species in solid reaction precipitates, realizing differentiation of passive surface adsorption (∼73%) and metabolism-dependent microbial bioreduction (∼21%) contributions to U(VI) immobilization. Overall, the natural binary clay-indigenous <i>Leifsonia</i> composite exhibited prominent cascade synergistic effects and shows promising application potential for in-situ remediation of uranium-contaminated groundwater.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and catalytic degradation performance of cobalt ferrite based on the recycling of retired lithium-ion battery cathode materials.","authors":"Hui Shuai, Ping Tang, Yezhe Yu","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2026.2721248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2026.2721248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In response to dual demands of advanced oxidation of organic pollutants and recycling of retired lithium-ion batteries, this research proposed a high-value recycling method to convert cobalt resources from retired lithium-ion batteries into high-performance cobalt ferrite (CoFe₂O₄) catalysts. Cobalt leaching and cobalt ferrite synthesis were coupled into an integrated process to achieve efficient cobalt leaching (> 98%). By optimising the sol-gel process, optimal conditions were identified: tartaric acid-to-total metal ion molar ratio 2:1, pH = 7.0, and calcination at 500°C for 2 h. The spinel-type cobalt ferrite particles obtained under these conditions are well-structured, with high catalytic activity, and stable magnetic properties. The cobalt ferrite material catalyzed the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) by activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) with excellent performance. Under the optimised reaction conditions (PMS concentration of 0.50 mmol/L, cobalt ferrite concentration of 75 mg/L, initial pH = 7, RhB concentration of 20 mg/L, and reaction time of 90 min), the degradation rate of RhB could reach 99.46%, with an apparent rate constant of 0.0387 min^-1. The quenching experiments showed that sulfate radical (SO₄^-·) was the main reactive oxygen species for the degradation of RhB, while hydroxyl radical (·OH) and superoxide radical (·O₂^-) also promoted the activation of PMS. Moreover, the cobalt ferrite catalyst could maintain high catalytic activity after multiple cycles, with the degradation rate of RhB remaining above 81%, demonstrating favourable cycling stability. This research offers a novel approach for retired lithium-ion battery valorisation and theoretical support for advanced heterogeneous catalyst development.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148860509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient nitrogen removal in real aquaculture wastewater by immobilized <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> JSRD-3.","authors":"Yuwei Zhang, Shuang Gao, Yujie Zhu, Kaihua Geng, Sitong Li, Wenxiang Yi, Jiayu Ren, Yanan Lu, Jing Gu, Hua Wang, Yuan Wang, Lianshun Wang, Guojun Yang","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2026.2719501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2026.2719501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Efficient nitrogen removal from aquaculture wastewater is critical for sustaining aquatic ecosystem sustainability. In this study, a highly efficient heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) bacterium was isolated from aquaculture sediment. The strain was identified as <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> JSRD-3 and evaluated for its nitrogen removal performance. Sodium citrate was determined as the optimal carbon source. Strain JSRD-3 exhibited excellent nitrogen removal across wide ranges of C/N ratio, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, and salinity. With single nitrogen sources, complete removal of ammonium (NH₄⁺-N), nitrate (NO₃^--N), and nitrite (NO₂^--N) was achieved within 12 h. Mixed nitrogen experiments further confirmed that strain JSRD-3 could simultaneously and efficiently transform multiple inorganic nitrogen species. It showed a significant preference for NH₄⁺-N utilization. Response surface methodology (RSM) identified pH, temperature, and shaking speed as the key influencing factors. Under the optimized conditions, NH₄⁺-N removal reached 98.90% at 9 h. Microbial immobilization further enhanced the NO₃^--N removal efficiency and operational stability of the strain. Polyurethane foam immobilization outperformed loofah sponge. Notably, polyurethane foam-immobilized JSRD-3 completely removed NH₄⁺-N, NO₂^--N, and NO₃^--N from real non-sterile aquaculture wastewater within 16 h. These results highlight JSRD-3 as a promising candidate for rapid, efficient, and interference-resistant nitrogen removal in practical aquaculture wastewater treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148817257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of pig and cattle manure as solid fuels: energy potential and environmental considerations.","authors":"Eunsung Lee, Hyojin Cho, Junsoo Ha, Seongwook Oa","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2026.2717213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2026.2717213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study assessed the feasibility and environmental implications of utilizing pig and cattle manure as solid fuels, with a focus on flue-gas emissions and ash recyclability. Cattle manure - derived solid fuel, produced by reducing moisture content to approximately 4%, achieved a lower heating value (LHV) of 14.6 MJ kg^-¹ and an ash content of 21.5%, meeting Republic of Korea solid-fuel quality standards (LHV ≥ 12.6 MJ kg^-¹, ash ≤ 30%, moisture < 20%). In contrast, pig manure - derived solid fuel exhibited a moisture content (12.5%) that satisfied the standard, but a lower LHV (8.5 MJ kg^-¹) and higher ash content (34.6%), failing to meet fuel quality criteria. Stack measurements revealed distinct emission characteristics. For cattle manure, selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) enabled stable emission control, with dust (1.3 mg m^-³), CO (105.7 ppm), NO_x (46.8 ppm), and SO_x (17.2 ppm) within regulatory limits. Conversely, pig manure combustion produced excessive SO_x emissions (286 ppm vs. 60 ppm limit) even with SNCR, indicating need for additional desulfurization or alternative utilization pathways. Residue analysis showed that over 90% of ash was recovered as bottom ash, with phosphorus concentrated in this fraction, indicating reuse potential. However, pig manure ash contained elevated Cu and Zn levels, exceeding fertilizer standards and requiring stabilization before recycling. Overall, cattle manure demonstrated favorable environmental performance, whereas pig manure posed challenges related to sulfur-related air pollution and heavy-metal enrichment. These results highlight the need to jointly consider environmental risk management and resource recovery when promoting livestock manure as a renewable energy source.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148789858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}