European Journal of Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Valence Effects on Episodic Memory in Young and Old Adults Following Exposure to Emotional Stimuli","authors":"Marianna Constantinou,&nbsp;Ala Yankouskaya,&nbsp;Hana Burianová","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Episodic memory benefits from arousal, with better retrieval linked to arousing to-be-remembered information. Arousal's impact on subsequent memory processes, particularly for nonarousing stimuli, remains unclear. Healthy ageing is associated with emotion regulation changes and declines in episodic memory, which may influence how arousal affects memory processes. This functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) study examined the effects of valence on episodic memory in young and old adults, focusing on memory of neutral information following arousal exposure. Neural activity was assessed at three time points: during exposure to arousing and nonarousing images, encoding of neutral videos following image exposure, retrieval of the encoded videos. We hypothesised that valence would induce distinct neural activation across task stages, and exposure to negative stimuli would be associated with worse retrieval. Old adults were expected to show stronger neural responses to positive valence and less disruption from negative valence on memory performance. Behavioural results revealed that only negative valence was associated with impaired retrieval. fMRI results replicated age-related differences in memory performance, with old adults compensating through increased hippocampal and frontal gyri activity. Negative valence was associated with increased activity in the occipital cortex and precentral gyri, also affecting upcoming encoding with heightened activity in the left insula, precuneus and middle temporal gyrus. In old adults, positive valence prompted increasing neural engagement from initial exposure to retrieval, reflecting changes in emotion regulation strategies. Findings emphasise the enduring impact of negative valence on subsequent cognitive processes and suggest that age-related changes in emotional regulation influence memory-related neural processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of Verbal Fluency Impairment in Stroke: Insights From “Strategic Indices” Derived From a Study of 337 Patients","authors":"Flore Dorchies,&nbsp;Ardalan Aarabi,&nbsp;Rania Kassir,&nbsp;Sandrine Wannepain,&nbsp;Claire Leclercq,&nbsp;Olivier Godefroy,&nbsp;Martine Roussel,&nbsp;the GRECogVASC study group","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Verbal fluency provides a unique index of the functional architecture of control functions because it reflects the interactions between executive processes and lower-level language processes. However, an evaluation of the number of correct words alone does not enable one to determine precisely which processes are impaired. This study investigates post-stroke fluency impairments, focusing on previously unexplored indices and their neuroanatomical correlates using voxel-based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM). In total, 337 patients and 851 controls performed letter and semantic fluency tests. Analyses included overall performance (correct responses) and strategic indices (errors, time course, frequency, switches, and cluster size). Stroke patients produced fewer correct responses, more rule-breaking errors, fewer words after 15″, fewer infrequent words, fewer switches, and smaller clusters in letter fluency. Switching was strongly associated with letter fluency, while clustering was more related to semantic fluency. VLSM identified left-hemisphere structures, particularly frontal tracts (e.g., anterior thalamic and frontostriatal tracts), associated with switching, and a smaller set of left-hemisphere structures linked to clustering.</p><p>Conceptually, the findings suggest stroke-related fluency disorders primarily arise from impairments in executive strategic search, as indicated by switching impairments, with weaker impairment on lexicosemantic abilities. The rarity of rule-breaking and perseverative errors indicates that inhibition and working memory deficits do not significantly contribute to poor fluency. The patients' production of infrequent words and fluency worsened over time, although the precise contributions of the three core processes to these additional changes require further investigation. Our results highlight the importance of detailed fluency evaluations in stroke patients for optimized rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hippocampal CaMKII Regulates the Consolidation of Recognition Memory","authors":"Janine I. Rossato,&nbsp;Maria Carolina Gonzalez,&nbsp;Gênedy Apolinário,&nbsp;Andressa Radiske,&nbsp;Elis Brisa,&nbsp;Livia Maria Carneiro,&nbsp;Martín Cammarota","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Object recognition memory (ORM) is a hippocampus-dependent form of memory essential for distinguishing items and constructing episodic representations of the past. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase highly enriched in the hippocampal formation, where it acts as a memory-relevant calcium effector. We found that, in rats, training in an ORM inducing learning task rapidly increased CaMKII autophosphorylation in the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus. Moreover, early post-acquisition intra-dorsal CA1 injection of the substrate-competitive CaMKII inhibitor AIP impaired long-term ORM without affecting short-term ORM or previously consolidated ORMs. The amnesia induced by AIP was replicated by the calmodulin-competitive CaMKII inhibitor KN93, but not by the inactive analogues of either KN93 or AIP. Notably, these effects occurred regardless of the subject's sex and age or the time of day when learning took place. Together, our findings indicate that hippocampal CaMKII activity is necessary shortly after training for the normal consolidation of ORM.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural Representation of Response Inhibition and Attentional Capture in the Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus","authors":"Yanqing Wang","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Inhibitory control requires individuals to suppress inappropriate behaviors while also engaging in attentional capture of response signals. Previous research has identified the right inferior frontal gyrus as a critical brain region for implementing inhibitory control; however, evidence regarding its role in attentional capture remains limited. Since the Stop trials in the stop signal task involve both attentional capture of salient stimuli and response inhibition, it is challenging to isolate the attentional capture process from inhibitory control. To address this issue, the present study modified the stop signal task by introducing Continue signals, allowing participants to execute Go responses upon seeing a Continue signal. Consequently, the processing of Continue signals involved attentional capture without engaging in response inhibition. Multivoxel pattern analysis revealed that the right inferior frontal gyrus is capable of representing both Stop and Continue signals, with a stronger neural representation for Stop signals compared to Continue signals. Thus, this study demonstrates that the right inferior frontal gyrus is involved in both attentional capture of stimulus signals and behavioral inhibition during the process of inhibitory control. This finding enhances our understanding of the specific functions of the right inferior frontal gyrus in the context of inhibitory control processing.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body Ownership and the Motor System: Rapid Facilitation of Embodied Fake Hand Movement on Actual Movement Execution","authors":"Satoshi Shibuya,&nbsp;Yukari Ohki","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Body ownership—the perception that one's body belongs to oneself—has been explored using a rubber hand illusion, in which individuals misperceive a fake hand as their own (i.e., embodiment of the fake hand) when an unseen real hand and a visible fake hand are stroked synchronously. Thus, the movement of an embodied fake body may be represented in one's own sensorimotor system. Using a combination of the rubber hand illusion and a motor task, we investigated whether simple movement of the embodied fake hand influenced the subsequent movement of the participants' hand. The participants lifted their own index finger immediately upon observing the index finger lifting on the embodied (rubber hand illusion) or non-embodied (non-rubber hand illusion) fake hand (Experiment 1), and a light-emitting diode turning on near the fake hand (Experiment 2). The reaction times, peak velocities, and peak acceleration were extracted from the participants' finger-lifting movements. In Experiment 1, the reaction time was significantly shorter in the rubber hand illusion condition than in the non-rubber hand illusion condition, suggesting the rapid facilitation effect of embodied fake hand movement on actual movement. However, no such motor facilitation was observed in Experiment 2, confirming that the improved reaction time in Experiment 1 resulted from the visual movement of the fake hand rather than attention to the fake hand itself. In contrast to the reaction time, the peak velocity and acceleration did not differ significantly in either experiment. These findings reflect the similar sensorimotor representations of illusory and actual self-movement.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aging Impacts Basic Auditory and Timing Processes","authors":"Antonio Criscuolo,&nbsp;Michael Schwartze,&nbsp;Leonardo Bonetti,&nbsp;Sonja A. Kotz","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Deterioration in the peripheral and central auditory systems is common in older adults and often leads to hearing and speech comprehension difficulties. Even when hearing remains intact, electrophysiological data of older adults frequently exhibit altered neural responses along the auditory pathway, reflected in variability in phase alignment of neural activity to speech sound onsets. However, it remains unclear whether challenges in speech processing in aging stem from more fundamental deficits in auditory and timing processes. Here, we investigated if and how aging individuals encoded temporal regularities in isochronous auditory sequences presented at 1.5Hz, and if they employed adaptive mechanisms of neural phase alignment in anticipation of next sound onsets. We recorded EEG in older and young individuals listening to simple isochronous tone sequences. We show that aging individuals displayed larger event-related neural responses, an increased 1/F slope, but reduced phase-coherence at the stimulation frequency (1.5Hz) and a reduced slope of phase-coherence over time in the delta and theta frequency-bands. These observations suggest altered top-down modulatory inhibition when processing repeated and predictable sounds in a sequence and altered mechanisms of continuous phase-alignment to expected sound onsets in aging. Given that deteriorations in these basic timing capacities may affect other higher-order cognitive processes (e.g., attention, perception, and action), these results underscore the need for future research examining the link between basic timing abilities and general cognition across the lifespan.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naturalistic Audiovisual Illusions Reveal the Cortical Sites Involved in the Multisensory Processing of Speech","authors":"Pierre Mégevand,&nbsp;Raphaël Thézé,&nbsp;Ashesh D. Mehta","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Audiovisual speech illusions are a spectacular illustration of the effect of visual cues on the perception of speech. Because they allow dissociating perception from the physical characteristics of the sensory inputs, these illusions are useful to investigate the cerebral processing of audiovisual speech. However, the meaningless, monosyllabic utterances typically used to induce illusions are far removed from natural communication through speech. We developed naturalistic speech stimuli that embed mismatched auditory and visual cues within grammatically correct sentences to induce illusory perceptions in controlled fashion. Using intracranial EEG, we confirmed that the cortical processing of audiovisual speech recruits an ensemble of areas, from auditory and visual cortices to multisensory and associative regions. Importantly, we were able to resolve which cortical areas are driven more by the auditory or the visual contents of the speech stimulus or by the eventual perceptual report. Our results suggest that higher order sensory and associative areas, rather than early sensory cortices, are key loci for illusory perception. Naturalistic audiovisual speech illusions represent a powerful tool to dissect the specific roles of individual cortical areas in the processing of audiovisual speech.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical Regions and Connections Form Pathways and Clusters in the Mouse Brain","authors":"Christianus F. Hotama,&nbsp;Jerald D. Kralik,&nbsp;Jaeseung Jeong","doi":"10.1111/ejn.16673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.16673","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Connectome network analysis across multiple species should help identify principles of brain function. Here, we examined three fundamental properties—global efficiency, global betweenness centrality, and global clustering—in the mesoscale tract-tracing data of the mouse connectome; and conducted vulnerability analysis to identify the critical regions and connections based on the loss in network function when each brain region (213) and connection (16,594) was removed. Robustness tests examining noise effects were also conducted. There were five key findings. First, we identified eight critical regions and 38 critical connections, with more central, limbic regions dominant; and with robustness analysis showing (a) the importance of connection strength; and (b) the findings being robust to noise. Second, although critical regions and connections were significantly based on their local network properties, global influences sometimes deviated from local ones (e.g., critical globally but with lower local scores), thereby revealing global-level interactions. Third, the critical components organized into two main pathways (one from piriform cortex to globus pallidus; the other, entorhinal cortex to the amygdala), and two main clusters (centred on caudoputamen and entorhinal cortex). Fourth, for brain function, all main categories from perception to action were represented: e.g., olfaction (piriform cortex), learning and memory (entorhinal cortex), affect (amygdala and caudoputamen), and cognitive and motor processing (caudoputamen, globus pallidus). Finally, the claustrum was intriguingly identified as critical, perhaps for information integration and motor translation. Vulnerability analysis provides a unique approach to characterizing the fundamental structure of nervous systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EEG Correlates of Cognitive Dynamics in Task Resumption After Interruptions: The Impact of Available Time and Flexibility","authors":"Soner Ülkü,&nbsp;Stephan Getzmann,&nbsp;Edmund Wascher,&nbsp;Daniel Schneider","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Interruptions are a common aspect of everyday working life, negatively affecting both task performance and long-term psychological well-being. However, research suggests that the effects of interruptions can be mitigated in several ways, such as the opportunity to anticipate the interruptions and preparation time. Here, we used a retrospective visual working memory task to investigate the effects of duration and flexible resumption after interruptions, with 28 participants (18–30 years old) attending the experiment. For this main task participants were required to remember the orientations of a set of coloured bars and retrieve one at the end of the trial in response to a retro-cue. This task was sometimes interrupted with an arithmetic task that was presented before the retro-cue. The period after the interruptions and the retro-cue was either short (no additional time), long (additional 1000 ms), or self-determined. Interruptions affected the main task performance irrespective of duration condition, but response times were shorter with the flexible condition. EEG analysis showed that having more time before resuming the interrupted task enabled stronger beta suppression which in turn modulated task performance, helping participants to safely disengage from the interrupting task, and refocus their attention back more efficiently. Further, flexibility in the timing of resumption provided additional benefits as seen in stronger oscillatory alpha and beta suppression to the retro-cue, also being related to better task performance. These results demonstrate the important role of resumption time and individual flexibility in dealing with interruptions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating optogenetic stimulation of olfactory bulb glomeruli with foot shock fear conditioning: A robust method for investigating olfactory-based fear conditioning","authors":"Praveen Kuruppath","doi":"10.1111/ejn.16627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.16627","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The integration of optogenetic techniques with traditional behavioural paradigms has provided novel insights into the neural mechanisms underlying olfactory-based fear conditioning. Olfactory cues are potent triggers for fear responses, and understanding the intricate neural dynamics involved in olfactory fear learning is crucial for unravelling the complexities of aversive memory formation. In this study, a robust method is presented that combines optogenetic stimulation of olfactory bulb glomeruli with foot shock fear conditioning to investigate olfactory-based fear learning in mice. By merging optogenetic manipulation with behavioural assays, a comprehensive framework for studying the mechanisms of olfactory fear conditioning is provided. This method offers new avenues for exploring the neural dynamics of adaptive responses to olfactory threats and may have implications for understanding fear-related disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}