European Journal of Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Differences in Brain Oscillation Patterns During Motor-Related Sensory Imagery Creation and Recall","authors":"Dariusz Zapała,&nbsp;Paweł Augustynowicz,&nbsp;Paulina Droździel,&nbsp;Paulina Iwanowicz","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70159","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Motor imagery (MI) engages higher cognitive functions such as memory, attention, and the transformation of sensory information in various ways, depending on the current goal. MI can be used to reproduce in the mind a possibly exact copy of an earlier motor experience (isomorphic motor imagery [IMI]) or to transform earlier experiences into new mental representations (transmorphic motor imagery [TMI]). Our study aimed to identify electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns of brain oscillations that can distinguish these two types of MI focused on differences in the frontal midline theta (FMΘ), central parietal beta (CPβ), and sensorimotor rhythms (SMR). Twenty subjects (14F; 18–25 years) participated in the study. Experimental stimuli were generated using a haptic interface to stimulate force feedback during hand clamping. The subjects had to squeeze the interface handle, memorizing the sensations associated with this movement. Then, they mentally reproduced the action they had just performed (IMI) or imagined stronger/weaker sensations (TMI). The study findings demonstrate significant differences in FMΘ and CPβ oscillation activity when comparing IMI and TMI. The IMI condition exhibits similar brain rhythm activity to working memory, probably due to its function of reproducing a previous motor experience. In contrast, oscillation patterns during TMI resemble introspective activity typical of multimodal sensory transformations. Additionally, we observed differences in the parietal delta and theta, in line with prior research on actual movement. Results may suggest that controlling movement kinematic parameters is critical when MI replicates sensory experiences, whereas creating new representations from experiences may require less stringent control.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144473132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long and Short Whiskers Help Guide and Regulate the Precision of Rat Orientation Behavior","authors":"Pierantonio Parmiani,&nbsp;Cristina Lucchetti,&nbsp;Riccardo Viaro,&nbsp;Luciano Fadiga,&nbsp;Gianfranco Franchi","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70169","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rat whiskers comprise an “active sensing” system involving two functional subdivisions: long whiskers for object localization and short whiskers for object recognition. To explore their respective roles in orientation, rats were trained in a reaching–grasping task. Specifically, four consecutive salient frames were identified in control rats: (i) whisker touch (Wt), the long whiskers came into contact with the front wall; (ii) first nose touch (Fnt), the rat brought the nose into contact with the wall; (iii) poke (Pk), the rat inserted its nose through the slot and placed short whiskers on the shelf, exploring it until the pellet was detected; and (iv) nose elevation (Nel), the rat raised its nose until reach start. These frames were used to subdivide orientation behavior into three specific phases: Wt–Fnt, Fnt–Pk, and Pk–Nel. To determine their respective roles in orientation, the rats performed the task after either long whiskers trimming or short whiskers shaving. Data evidenced a temporary loss of orientation followed by a recovery specific to each experimental group. Trimmed rats presented incomplete trials with loss of invariance, longer Fnt–Pk duration, and an increased number of nose touches. Shaved rats displayed longer trial duration and longer Pk–Nel interval. This duality is explainable by a consecutive use of the two kinds of whiskers and confirms their different roles in the multisensory integration necessary for each orientation phase. The data suggest that the long whiskers can be viewed as a spatial orientation system acting as a precision mechanism guiding head position in the context of coherent behavior.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paraventricular Nucleus of the Thalamus Neurons That Project to the Nucleus Accumbens Show Enhanced c-Fos Expression During Early-Stage Cue-Reward Associative Learning in Male Rats","authors":"S. Seeger-Armbruster,&nbsp;M. Wang,&nbsp;R. E. Campbell,&nbsp;B. I. Hyland","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70168","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) is a central node in brain networks controlling motivated behaviors. It processes inputs from cerebral cortex, brainstem, and hypothalamus and has efferents that project to a wide range of structures, including the nucleus accumbens (nAcc). It is known that PVT neurons projecting to the nAcc show c-Fos activation in response to reward-related cues, in well-trained animals. We previously found that c-Fos expression is also increased early in the conditioning process, during the first session of learning a new cue-reward association in rats, but neurons with projections to nAcc were not identified in that study. Here, we tested the hypothesis that nAcc-projecting PVT neurons would show this enhanced c-Fos expression following first exposure to the association of a visual cue with a subsequent food reward. Male rats were stereotaxically injected in the nAcc with a retrogradely transported adeno-associated virus construct leading to green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in cell bodies of afferents from PVT. Following a single session of cue-reward training, processing of the brains with dual immunohistochemistry for c-Fos and GFP showed significantly higher density of double labelled neurons in the conditioned group, compared to controls in which the same number of cues and rewards were delivered at random intervals with respect to each other. Such activation of immediate early gene expression in PVT to nAcc projecting neurons very early in paired associative reward learning may have a role in modulating plasticity in the nAcc.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Cortical Structural Model Extends to Thalamocortical Connections","authors":"Helen Barbas,&nbsp;Basilis Zikopoulos","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70167","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The structural model predicts the laminar patterns and strength of corticocortical connections. Here, we addressed whether the structural model extends to connections between the thalamus and prefrontal cortices, which are connected with the mediodorsal (MD) nucleus and with other thalamic nuclei. The prefrontal cortex is composed of a series of areas ranging from caudal orbital and medial limbic areas that have the simplest trilaminar architecture through successive areas that show increasing elaboration into six delineated layers. Here, we compiled detailed, quantitative tract-tracing data from connectivity studies of the thalamus and cortex in macaques, which revealed that the structural model extends to thalamocortical connections. The phylogenetically ancient limbic areas were more diffusely connected with thalamic nuclei, projected to the thalamus from canonical Layer VI, and also substantially from Layer V, and were innervated more broadly by thalamic pathways that terminated in the middle and other layers. The pattern of thalamocortical connections became increasingly sharper for prefrontal areas with progressive laminar differentiation, with decreasing contribution of thalamic nuclei besides MD, sharpening of thalamic terminations to the middle cortical layers, gradual decreasing contribution by Layer V, and increased projection from canonical Layer VI to the thalamus. These findings support the hypothesis that the structural model can be extended to the broad thalamic connections and laminar-specific interactions with the thalamus, tested in a series of prefrontal cortices with a gradual increase in laminar complexity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Causative Effects of Tinnitus of Different Severity and Stages on the White Matter Microstructural Integrity","authors":"Xinghao Wang,&nbsp;Yan Huang,&nbsp;Ling Wang,&nbsp;Rui Zhao,&nbsp;Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Xinyu Huang,&nbsp;Marcin Grzegorzek,&nbsp;Han Lv,&nbsp;Pengfei Zhao,&nbsp;Zhenghan Yang,&nbsp;Zhenchang Wang,&nbsp;Qian Chen","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70165","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is increasing evidence that white matter fibres play an important role in tinnitus. A directed bilateral Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has been implemented to explore the impact of idiopathic tinnitus on the brain white matter (WM) integrity of different severity and stages at a causal level. The tinnitus-related GWAS is derived from the research of 117,882 European participants, which contains accounts of tinnitus at different severities and stages. WM diffusion indices, which come from GWAS of 3144 brain imaging phenotypes from the UK Biobank, based on tract-based spatial statistics and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging, represent its integrity in this study. The primary estimate was inverse-variance weighted, with heterogeneity and pleiotropy detected using MR Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier and MR-Egger. This study revealed a significant causal relationship between tinnitus and brain WM microstructural alterations, including changes primarily within the thalamic and acoustic radiation, limbic-related fibre bundles, as well as fibres along the transmission pathways of auditory information from peripheral to central. Interestingly, we found that individuals exhibiting WM changes in the internal capsule, corticospinal tract and tapetum might have previously experienced tinnitus. Furthermore, moderate tinnitus patients exhibit the most pronounced WM integrity changes. This study substantiates that tinnitus can instigate substantial WM microstructural alterations mainly within the auditory-thalamic-limbic system and the auditory information transmission pathway from peripheral to central, while the reciprocal causality is not supported. Moreover, the data underscores that WM integrity changes vary depending on the severity and stages, and moderate tinnitus precipitates the most significant. Alterations in several specific WM fibre bundles indicate a history of tinnitus.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Editorial: Making Space for People With Disabilities: Part of the Diversity Matters Series”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70170","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>Miranda, C.</span>, <span>McNeill, R.</span>, <span>Addis, D.</span>, <span>Fernàndez-Castillo, N.</span>, <span>Macpherson, H.</span>, <span>Maughan, M.</span>, <span>Foxe, J.</span>, and <span>Helmreich, D.</span> (<span>2025</span>), <span>Editorial: Making Space for People With Disabilities: Part of the Diversity Matters Series</span>. <i>Eur J Neurosci</i>, <span>61</span>: e70133. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70133.\u0000 </p><p>In the paper by Miranda et al. (2025), the title has been corrected to:</p><p>Making Space for People With Disabilities</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144323724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Orienting and Defence Drives Oscillatory Responses in Human Visual and Motor Cortical Circuits During Viewing of Threat Pictures: Evidence From ssVEPs and Beta-Band Desynchronization","authors":"Carlota Gil Martín,&nbsp;Silvia Molina Blanco,&nbsp;Miriam Díaz Sánchez,&nbsp;Sergio Felipe Calvo García,&nbsp;Gabriel Sánchez del Corral,&nbsp;Sara Pampín del Río,&nbsp;Stephan Moratti","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70157","url":null,"abstract":"<p>When encountering a potential threat, humans and animals engage in different strategic behaviours, such as orienting and defence, depending on the perceived threat imminence. Orienting has been associated with attentional immobility and heightened ‘stimulus intake’, while defence is linked to action preparation and ‘sensory rejection’. First, we replicated previous findings showing that humans exhibit either heart rate (HR) acceleration or deceleration in response to the same threat-related picture content. Second, we provide direct evidence that orienting, as indexed by increased HR deceleration, leads to enhanced visuocortical processing of threat-related images, as measured by steady-state visual evoked potentials (ssVEPs). Excitation of motor-relevant cortical circuits, assessed by beta-band desynchronization, was reduced in relation to HR deceleration. Conversely, HR acceleration was associated with a reversed pattern: reduced visual processing and increased excitation of cortical motor circuits, as reflected in ssVEP and beta-band modulations. While self-reported measures of state and trait anxiety, along with valence, arousal and dominance ratings, did not account for variations in HR response patterns, shorter self-paced viewing time of looming threat pictures was linked to defensive HR changes, whereas orienting-like HR responses were associated with longer avoidance latencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144323723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rearing Behavior as Indicator of Spatial Novelty and Memory in Developing Rats","authors":"Xia Shan,&nbsp;Anuck Sawangjit,&nbsp;Jan Born,&nbsp;Marion Inostroza","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70162","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Among the various forms of exploration, rearing—where rodents stand on their hind legs—reflects the animal's processing of spatial information and response to environmental novelty. Here, we investigated the developmental trajectory of rearing in response to spatial novelty in a standard object–place recognition (OPR) task, with the OPR retrieval phase allowing for a direct comparison of measures of rearing, object exploration, and locomotion as indicators of spatial novelty and memory. Groups of male rats were tested on postnatal day (PD) 25, PD31, PD38, PD48, and at adulthood (PD84). The OPR task comprised a 5-min encoding phase with the rat exposed to an arena with two identical objects and, 3 h later, a 5-min retrieval phase in the same arena with one object being displaced to another arena zone. Rearing increased in response to spatial novelty (i.e., the displaced object) at retrieval relative to encoding, with this increase occurring first on PD31, and thus later than preferential object exploration-based responses emerging already on PD25. Importantly, zone-specific analyses during retrieval revealed an increase in rearing events in the (now empty) zone where the displaced object is used to be at encoding. This increase was only observed in adult rats (PD84) and likely indicates the presence of specific object–place associations in memory. These findings evidence rearing as behavior covering aspects of spatial novelty complementary to those of object exploration, thereby enabling a more comprehensive characterization of the emergence of spatial episodic memory during early life.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144323567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Red Clover Supplementation Alleviates Neurological Deficits in Estrogen Deficient Rats Exposed to Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress","authors":"Neha Goyal,&nbsp;Rishabh Chaudhary,&nbsp;Khushboo Aggarwal,&nbsp;Harish Kumar,&nbsp;Nitin Bansal,&nbsp;Sumeet Gupta,&nbsp;Seema Bansal","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70164","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Estrogen deficiency after menopause contributes to various neurological disorders, including stress, anxiety, depression, and memory impairment. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is commonly used to mitigate menopausal symptoms, but its use is associated with significant adverse effects. As a result, phytoestrogens, plant-derived estrogens structurally similar to HRTs, are preferred alternatives due to their lack of side effects associated with synthetic HRTs. Among these phytoestrogens, red clover (RC) has emerged as a potent medicinal herb used for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. Thus, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of RC on neurological disorders in estrogen-deficient rats subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Ovariectomy (OVX) was performed to induce estrogen deficiency, a condition that closely mimics menopause in females. CUMS, a model of chronic stress, was employed to mimic the stress and anxiety that commonly accompany menopause. Significant changes in physiological, neurobehavioral, biochemical, molecular, and histopathological alterations in the brain hippocampal region were observed in OVX, CUMS, and OVX + CUMS group rats, indicating enhanced neuronal deficits compared with control group rats. Treatment with RC supplementation, 17-β estradiol (E2), and fluoxetine (Flx) significantly restored the pathological alterations caused by both CUMS and estrogen deficiency toward normal. E2 and Flx were included in the study to serve as established treatments for postmenopausal symptoms and stress-related disorders, providing a basis for comparison with RC. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the immense potential of RC in alleviating neurological disorders associated with estrogen deficiency and chronic stress.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repetition Hampers Flexible Object Manipulation Under Visual Uncertainty","authors":"Catherine Anne Sager,&nbsp;Ian Greenhouse,&nbsp;Michelle Marneweck","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70155","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Seemingly simple actions, like reaching for and lifting an object, involve the coordination of distinct neural pathways within the dorsal and ventral streams. These components can be differentially affected by repetition-induced anterograde interference, where extensive practice on one task impairs performance on subsequent tasks. Repetition leads to rigid movement patterns, making it harder to adapt flexibly to new situations, especially in tasks with sensory uncertainty that require the brain to rely more on past experiences (i.e., sensorimotor memories). To explore this, we tested whether object-use tasks, which depend on the ventral stream, are more affected by this interference than a simpler reach-to-button task with helpful visual cues. Participants completed two tasks: a reach-to-button task involving pressing buttons on either side of a symmetrical object and an object-use task where the same object had a hidden, asymmetric center of mass (CoM). To measure interference, we manipulated how many times participants lifted the object with the weight on one side before switching it to the other side. Our results showed that interference was strongest in the object-use task, where uncertain visual information forced participants to rely on sensorimotor memories. In contrast, the reach-to-button task, supported by helpful visual cues, showed no significant interference. This suggests that tasks relying on the ventral stream are more vulnerable to interference, particularly when sensory feedback is unclear. Our findings highlight how repetition affects different movement types and emphasize the need for a balance between repetition and flexibility in motor learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}