Environmental Health Perspectives最新文献

{"title":"Neurotox Screen? Zebrafish Study Points to PFOS Early-Life Exposure Effects.","authors":"Nate Seltenrich","doi":"10.1289/EHP15467","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP15467","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 8","pages":"84001"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11343042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142035503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invited Perspective: Leveraging Research and Resources to Mitigate Health Impacts of Environmental Disasters-Insights from a South Korean Tire Factory Fire.","authors":"Richard K Kwok, Aubrey K Miller","doi":"10.1289/EHP15463","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP15463","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 8","pages":"81302"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11353204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142079769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the Potential of Clustering and Classification Approaches: Navigating Supervised and Unsupervised Chemical Similarity.","authors":"Kamel Mansouri, Kyla Taylor, Scott Auerbach, Stephen Ferguson, Rachel Frawley, Jui-Hua Hsieh, Gloria Jahnke, Nicole Kleinstreuer, Suril Mehta, José T Moreira-Filho, Fred Parham, Cynthia Rider, Andrew A Rooney, Amy Wang, Vicki Sutherland","doi":"10.1289/EHP14001","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP14001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The field of toxicology has witnessed substantial advancements in recent years, particularly with the adoption of new approach methodologies (NAMs) to understand and predict chemical toxicity. Class-based methods such as clustering and classification are key to NAMs development and application, aiding the understanding of hazard and risk concerns associated with groups of chemicals without additional laboratory work. Advances in computational chemistry, data generation and availability, and machine learning algorithms represent important opportunities for continued improvement of these techniques to optimize their utility for specific regulatory and research purposes. However, due to their intricacy, deep understanding and careful selection are imperative to align the adequate methods with their intended applications.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This commentary aims to deepen the understanding of class-based approaches by elucidating the pivotal role of chemical similarity (structural and biological) in clustering and classification approaches (CCAs). It addresses the dichotomy between general end point-agnostic similarity, often entailing unsupervised analysis, and end point-specific similarity necessitating supervised learning. The goal is to highlight the nuances of these approaches, their applications, and common misuses.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Understanding similarity is pivotal in toxicological research involving CCAs. The effectiveness of these approaches depends on the right definition and measure of similarity, which varies based on context and objectives of the study. This choice is influenced by how chemical structures are represented and the respective labels indicating biological activity, if applicable. The distinction between unsupervised clustering and supervised classification methods is vital, requiring the use of end point-agnostic vs. end point-specific similarity definition. Separate use or combination of these methods requires careful consideration to prevent bias and ensure relevance for the goal of the study. Unsupervised methods use end point-agnostic similarity measures to uncover general structural patterns and relationships, aiding hypothesis generation and facilitating exploration of datasets without the need for predefined labels or explicit guidance. Conversely, supervised techniques demand end point-specific similarity to group chemicals into predefined classes or to train classification models, allowing accurate predictions for new chemicals. Misuse can arise when unsupervised methods are applied to end point-specific contexts, like analog selection in read-across, leading to erroneous conclusions. This commentary provides insights into the significance of similarity and its role in supervised classification and unsupervised clustering approaches. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14001.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 8","pages":"85002"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11302584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141897086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dioxins vs. PFAS: Science and Policy Challenges.","authors":"Alex J George, Linda S Birnbaum","doi":"10.1289/EHP14449","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP14449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dioxin-like chemicals are a group of ubiquitous environmental toxicants that received intense attention in the last two decades of the 20th century. Through extensive mechanistic research and validation, the global community has agreed upon a regulatory strategy for these chemicals that centers on their common additive activation of a single receptor. Applying these regulations has led to decreased exposure in most populations studied. As dioxin-like chemicals moved out of the limelight, research and media attention has turned to other concerning contaminants, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). During the 20th century, PFAS were also being quietly emitted into the environment, but only in the last 20 years have we realized the serious threat they pose to health. There is active debate about how to appropriately classify and regulate the thousands of known PFAS and finding a solution for these \"forever chemicals\" is of the utmost urgency.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Here, we compare important features of dioxin-like chemicals and PFAS, including the history, mechanism of action, and effective upstream regulatory strategies, with the objective of gleaning insight from the past to improve strategies for addressing PFAS.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The differences between these two chemical classes means that regulatory strategies for dioxin-like chemicals will not be appropriate for PFAS. PFAS exert toxicity by both receptor-based and nonreceptor-based mechanisms, which complicates mixtures evaluation and stymies efforts to develop inexpensive assays that accurately capture toxicity. Furthermore, dioxin-like chemicals were unwanted byproducts, but PFAS are useful and valuable, which has led to intense resistance against efforts to restrict their production. Nonetheless, useful lessons can be drawn from dioxin-like chemicals and applied to PFAS, including eliminating nonessential production of new PFAS and proactive investment in environmental remediation to address their extraordinarily long environmental persistence. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14449.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 8","pages":"85003"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11318569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the Acute Health Effects of Smoke Exposure from an Urban Factory Fire Accident: A Case Study of a Tire Factory Fire in Korea.","authors":"Changwoo Han, Marnpyung Jang, Jaeyoung Yoon, Bolim Lee, Jaiyong Kim, Hoyeon Jang, Tarik Benmarhnia","doi":"10.1289/EHP14115","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP14115","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;A major industrial fire accident occurred in a tire manufacturing factory in Daejeon, Korea, on 12 March 2023 and lasted for 3 d, generating air pollutant emissions. Although evidence regarding the health effects of urban fires is limited, residents near tire factory may have experienced health hazards due to smoke exposure from fire plumes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;Capitalizing on the timing of this fire incident as a natural experiment, we estimated the attributable excess air pollution exposure and associated disease development among residents living near the tire factory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We used the generalized synthetic control method to estimate air pollution exposure and health burden attributable to the accident among residents living in smoke-exposed districts. Based on satellite images and air pollution monitoring results, three administrative districts (within &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1.2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;km&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; from the factory) were defined as smoke-exposed, and the other 79 districts of Daejeon were defined as controls. Among the 11 monitoring stations in Daejeon, the station located &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;500&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; from the factory was used to estimate excess air pollution exposure (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;PM&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;PM&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;NO&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;SO&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, and CO) for residents in the exposed districts. The number of daily district-level disease-specific incidence cases were acquired from the National Health Insurance Database and used to estimate excess health burden resulting from the fire.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;During the first week following the factory fire, residents of exposed districts had an estimated excess exposure to 125.2 [95% confidence interval (CI): 44.9, 156.7] &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;g&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; of &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;PM&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, 50.4 (95% CI: 12.7, 99.8) ppb of &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;NO&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, and 32.0 (95% CI: 21.0, 35.9) ppb of &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;SO&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;. We also found an average increase in the incidence cases of other diseases of upper respiratory tract [20.6 persons (95% CI: 6.2, 37.4)], lung dis","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 8","pages":"87008"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11353213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142079768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Phenols, Parabens, and Their Mixture with Maternal Blood Pressure Measurements in the PROTECT Cohort.","authors":"Julia R Varshavsky, John D Meeker, Emily Zimmerman, Megan L Woodbury, Max T Aung, Zaira Y Rosario-Pabon, Amber L Cathey, Carmen M Vélez-Vega, José Cordero, Akram Alshawabkeh, Stephanie M Eick","doi":"10.1289/EHP14008","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP14008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Phenols and parabens are two classes of high production volume chemicals that are used widely in consumer and personal care products and have been associated with reproductive harm and pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes. However, studies examining their influence on maternal blood pressure and gestational hypertension are limited.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We investigated associations between individual phenols, parabens, and their mixture on maternal blood pressure measurements, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and hypertension during pregnancy (defined as stage 1 or 2 hypertension), among <math><mrow><mi>N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1,433</mn></mrow></math> Puerto Rico PROTECT study participants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined these relationships cross-sectionally at two time points during pregnancy (16-20 and 24-28 wks gestation) and longitudinally using linear mixed models (LMMs). Finally, we used quantile g-computation to examine the mixture effect on continuous (SBP, DBP) and binary (hypertension during pregnancy) blood pressure outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed a trend of higher odds of hypertension during pregnancy with exposure to multiple analytes and the overall mixture [including bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), triclocarbon (TCC), triclosan (TCS), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP), methyl paraben (M-PB), propyl paraben (P-PB), butyl paraben (B-PB), and ethyl paraben (E-PB)], especially at 24-28 wk gestation, with an adjusted mixture <math><mrow><mtext>odds ratio</mtext><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mtext>OR</mtext></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow><mo>=</mo><mn>1.57</mn></mrow></math> (95% CI: 1.03, 2.38). Lower SBP and higher DBP were also associated with individual analytes, with results from LMMs most consistent for methyl paraben (M-PB) or propyl paraben (P-PB) and increased DBP across pregnancy [adjusted M-PB <math><mrow><mi>β</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.78</mn></mrow></math> (95% CI: 0.17, 1.38) and adjusted P-PB <math><mrow><mi>β</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.85</mn></mrow></math> (95% CI: 0.19, 1.51)] and for BPA, which was associated with decreased SBP (adjusted <math><mrow><mi>β</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>0.57</mn></mrow></math>; 95% CI: <math><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1.09</mn></mrow></math>, <math><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>0.05</mn></mrow></math>). Consistent with other literature, we also found evidence of effect modification by fetal sex, with a strong inverse association observed between the overall exposure mixture and SBP at visit 1 among participants carrying female fetuses only.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that phenol and paraben exposure may collectively increase the risk of stage 1 or 2 hypertension during pregnancy, which has important implications for fetal and maternal health. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14008.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 8","pages":"87004"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11323763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141975432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to \"Comment on 'Evidence Synthesis of Observational Studies in Environmental Health: Lessons Learned from a Systematic Review on Traffic-Related Air Pollution'\".","authors":"Hanna Boogaard, Richard W Atkinson, Jeffrey R Brook, Howard H Chang, Gerard Hoek, Barbara Hoffmann, Sharon K Sagiv, Evangelia Samoli, Audrey Smargiassi, Adam A Szpiro, Danielle Vienneau, Jennifer Weuve, Frederick W Lurmann, Francesco Forastiere","doi":"10.1289/EHP15822","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP15822","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 8","pages":"88002"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11321287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invited Perspective: The All About Arsenic Program-A Blueprint for Leveraging Youth Engagement to Advance Water Justice.","authors":"Yoshira Ornelas Van Horne, Anne E Nigra","doi":"10.1289/EHP15068","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP15068","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 8","pages":"81301"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11338037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142016797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic and Functional Outcomes in Macrophages Exposed to an Environmentally Relevant Mixture of Organophosphate Esters <i>in Vitro</i>.","authors":"Braeden H Giles, Nikola Kukolj, Koren K Mann, Bernard Robaire","doi":"10.1289/EHP13869","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP13869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are flame retardants and plasticizers used in consumer products. OPEs are found ubiquitously throughout the environment with high concentrations in indoor house dust. Exposure to individual OPEs is associated with immune dysfunction, particularly in macrophages. However, OPEs exist as complex mixtures and the effects of environmentally relevant mixtures on the immune system have not been investigated.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives of this study were to evaluate the toxicity of an environmentally relevant mixture of OPEs that models Canadian house dust on macrophages using phenotypic and functional assessments <i>in vitro</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>High-content live-cell fluorescent imaging for phenotypic biomarkers of toxicity in THP-1 macrophages treated with the OPE mixture was undertaken. We used confocal microscopy and cholesterol analysis to validate and expand on the observed OPE-induced lipid phenotype. Then, we used flow cytometry and live-cell imaging to conduct functional tests and uncover mechanisms of OPE-induced phagocytic suppression. Finally, we validated our THP-1 findings in human primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC) derived macrophages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exposure to non-cytotoxic dilutions of the OPE mixture resulted in higher oxidative stress and disrupted lysosome and lipid homeostasis in THP-1 and primary macrophages. We further observed that phagocytosis of apoptotic cells in THP-1 and primary macrophages was lower in OPE-exposed cells vs. controls. In THP-1 macrophages, phagocytosis of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was also lower in OPE-exposed cells vs. controls. Additionally, the OPE mixture altered the expression of phagocytic receptors linked to the recognition of phosphatidylserine and pathogen-associated molecular patterns.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The results of this <i>in vitro</i> study suggested that exposure to an environmentally relevant mixture of OPEs resulted in higher lipid retention in macrophages and poor efferocytic response. These effects could translate to enhanced foam cell generation resulting in higher cardiovascular mortality. Furthermore, bacterial phagocytosis was lower in OPE-exposed macrophages in an <i>in vitro</i> setting, which may indicate the potential for reduced bacterial clearance in models of infections. Taken together, our data provide strong evidence that mixtures of OPEs can influence the biology of macrophages and offer new mechanistic insights into the impact of OPE mixtures on the immune system. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13869.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 8","pages":"87002"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11309092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141901352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association between Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution and the Trajectory of Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors during Late Childhood and Early Adolescence: Evidence from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.","authors":"Harry R Smolker, Colleen E Reid, Naomi P Friedman, Marie T Banich","doi":"10.1289/EHP13427","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP13427","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Exposure to high levels of fine particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≤&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;PM&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) via air pollution may be a risk factor for psychiatric disorders during adulthood. Yet few studies have examined associations between exposure and the trajectory of symptoms across late childhood and early adolescence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The current study evaluated whether &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;PM&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; exposure at 9-11 y of age affects both concurrent symptoms as well as the longitudinal trajectory of internalizing and externalizing behaviors across the following 3 y. This issue was examined using multiple measures of exposure and separate measures of symptoms of internalizing disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety) and externalizing disorders (e.g., conduct disorder), respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In a sample of more than 10,000 youth from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, we used a dataset of historical &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;PM&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; levels and growth curve modeling to evaluate associations of &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;PM&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; exposure with internalizing and externalizing symptom trajectories, as assessed by the Child Behavioral Check List. Three distinct measures of &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;PM&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; exposure were investigated: annual average concentration during 2016, number of days in 2016 above the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) 24-h &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;PM&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; standards, and maximum 24-h concentration during 2016.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;At baseline, higher number of days with &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;PM&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; levels above US EPA standards was associated with higher parent-reported internalizing symptoms in the same year. This association remained significant up to a year following exposure and after controlling for &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;PM&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; annual average, maximum 24-h level, and informant psychopathology. There was also evidence of an association between &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;PM&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mat","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 8","pages":"87001"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11302585/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141897085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}