Environmental Health Perspectives最新文献

{"title":"Prenatal Exposure to Synthetic Phenols Assessed in Multiple Urine Samples and Dysregulation of Steroid Hormone Homeostasis in Two European Cohorts.","authors":"Paulina Jedynak, Mariona Bustamante, Matthieu Rolland, Vicente Mustieles, Cathrine Thomsen, Amrit K Sakhi, Azemira Sabaredzovic, Maria Foraster, Mireia Gascon, Maria Dolores Gómez-Roig, Elisa Llurba, Ioar Rivas, Isabelle Ouellet-Morin, Sam Bayat, Sarah Lyon-Caen, Oscar J Pozo, Martine Vrijheid, Jordi Sunyer, Rémy Slama, Payam Dadvand, Claire Philippat","doi":"10.1289/EHP15117","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP15117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Some synthetic phenols alter hormonal pathways involved in successful pregnancy and fetal development. Despite high within-subject temporal variability of phenols, previous studies mostly utilized spot urine samples to assess pregnancy exposure. Herein, we investigated associations between pregnancy exposure to eight phenols assessed in multiple pooled urine samples and steroid hormones assessed in maternal hair reflecting cumulative hormone levels over the previous weeks to months.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed phenol-hormone associations in 928 pregnant women from two pooled cohorts recruited in Spain [Barcelona Life Study Cohort (BiSC), 2018-2021] and France [Assessment of Air Pollution exposure during Pregnancy and Effect on Health (SEPAGES), 2014-2017] using pools of up to 21 samples each, collected in early pregnancy (median gestational age: 18.0 wk), as well as hair collected in late pregnancy (BiSC) or at birth (SEPAGES). We measured two bisphenols, four parabens, benzophenone-3, and triclosan along with metabolites of three adrenal (<math><mrow><mo>∑</mo><mtext>cortisol</mtext></mrow></math>, <math><mrow><mo>∑</mo><mtext>cortisone</mtext></mrow></math>, and 11-dehydrocorticosterone) and two reproductive (progesterone and testosterone) hormones. We ran adjusted linear regressions for each exposure biomarker-outcome pair and Bayesian kernel machine regression for phenols mixture.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bisphenol S was associated with higher cortisol and 11-dehydrocorticosterone concentrations. Propylparaben was associated with lower levels of cortisol, cortisone, and 11-dehydrocorticosterone, while methylparaben was linked to a reduction in cortisol levels. Interestingly, associations identified for parabens were stronger for women carrying female fetuses. No associations for phenol mixture were detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study suggests that pregnancy exposure to bisphenol S and some parabens (propyl- and methylparaben) may affect production of maternal corticosteroid hormones that are important for a successful pregnancy and fetal development. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15117.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"57011"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12097533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143673517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Persistent Nausea among Pregnant Women Enrolled in the Illinois Kids Development Study (I-KIDS).","authors":"Brad A Ryva, Blair J Wylie, Max T Aung, Susan L Schantz, Rita S Strakovsky","doi":"10.1289/EHP15547","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP15547","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Pregnant women are exposed to numerous endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Pregnancy-related nausea likely has hormonal etiology and may persist beyond the first trimester.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;Therefore, we aimed to determine the relationship between EDC biomarkers and pregnancy nausea characteristics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Illinois Kids Development Study (I-KIDS) pregnant women (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;n&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;467&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) reported nausea symptoms monthly from conception to delivery. We categorized women as never having nausea (9%) or as having typical (ends by 17 wk gestation; 42%), persistent (ends after 17 wk gestation; 25%), or irregular (24%) nausea. Women provided five urine samples across pregnancy, which we pooled and analyzed for phthalate/replacement, phenol, and triclocarban biomarkers. Using covariate-adjusted logistic regression, we evaluated relationships of EDCs with nausea and used quantile-based g-computation (QGComp) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to evaluate joint associations of EDCs with nausea symptoms. We also considered differences in associations by fetal sex.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Only the sum of urinary biomarkers of di(isononyl) cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Σ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;DiNCH&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) was associated with higher risk of persistent nausea compared to typical nausea [odds ratio (OR) &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1.18&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.37] in all women. However, using QGComp, a 10% higher concentration of the EDC mixture was associated with 14% higher risk of persistent nausea [relative risk (RR) &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1.14&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.30], due to &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Σ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;DiNCH&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, ethylparaben, and the sum of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Σ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;DEHP&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) metabolites. Similarly, using BMKR, the EDC mixture was associated with greater odds of persistent nausea in all women. In women carrying male offspring, ethylparaben was associated with persistent nausea, and a 10% higher concentration of the QGComp mixture was associated with 26% higher risk of persistent nausea (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;RR&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1.26&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;; 95% CI:1.13, 1.41), driven by ethylparaben and &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Σ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;DiNCH&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;. Consistently, using BKMR, EDCs were positively associated with persistent nausea in women carrying males. We did not identify associations between EDC biomarkers and persistent nausea in women carrying females or between EDC biomarkers and other nausea patterns.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;Nonpersistent EDCs, modeled as a mixture, are associated with persistent nausea in pregnancy, primarily in women carrying males. Future work should explore possible mechanisms, clinical implications, and interventions to reduce exposures and symptoms. https://doi.org/10.1289","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"57008"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12077660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal and Childhood Phthalate Mixtures and Adolescent Sleep Health in the HOME Study.","authors":"Clara G Sears, Jessie P Buckley, Kim M Cecil, Heidi J Kalkwarf, Yingying Xu, Aimin Chen, Kimberly Yolton, Joseph M Braun","doi":"10.1289/EHP15221","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP15221","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The biological mechanisms linking early life phthalate exposure with adverse behaviors and cardiometabolic conditions also impact sleep health, but whether early life exposure impacts adolescent sleep is unknown.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;We evaluated whether gestational and childhood urinary phthalate metabolite mixtures were associated with sleep characteristics during adolescence. We also examined periods of heightened susceptibility to individual phthalates.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study (Cincinnati, Ohio; 2003-2006; &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;n&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;156&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;), we quantified urinary metabolites of eight parent phthalate diesters during pregnancy (16- and 26-wk) and childhood (ages 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, and 12 years). Using regression calibration approaches, we estimated average measurement error-corrected phthalate metabolite concentrations during pregnancy and childhood. We used wrist actigraphy to assess sleep characteristics for 1 wk among participants at age 12. Using quantile-based g-computation, we estimated covariate-adjusted differences in sleep efficiency (%), sleep fragmentation index scores (%), sleep duration (minutes) per quartile increase in all phthalate metabolite concentrations (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;ψ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;), and weights indicating the contribution of each metabolite to &lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;ψ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;. Using multiple informant models, we examined whether associations between individual phthalate metabolites and sleep characteristics varied by timing of exposure.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Increasing all gestational phthalate metabolites by a quartile was associated with lower sleep efficiency [&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;ψ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1.3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;%&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;; 95% confidence interval (CI): &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;] and higher sleep fragmentation (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;ψ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1.6&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;%&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;; 95% CI: 0.3, 3.0); mono-&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;-butyl phthalate (MnBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites contributed most to these relations. Higher childhood phthalate metabolite mixture quartiles were associated with shorter sleep duration (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;ψ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;21&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; minutes; 95% CI: &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;34&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;9&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;); monoethyl phthalate (MEP) and monocarboxyoctyl phthalate (MCOP) contributed most to this association. We found that higher DEHP metabolite concentrations during pregnancy were more strongly related to higher sleep fragmentation than childhood concentrations. In contrast, higher MEP and MnBP concentrations during childhood, but not pregnancy, were consistently associated with shorter sleep duration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;Phthalate metabolite concentrations during pregnancy and childhood ","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"57010"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12083775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood Lead Levels in Children 5 to 7 Years of Age from the Republic of Georgia: A Feasibility Study on Lead Surveillance Using Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling.","authors":"Charlotta Rylander, Erik Eik Anda, Ciprian Mihai Cirtiu, Tamar Jankhoteli, Nino Dzotsenidze, Vladimer Ghetia, Ekaterine Adamia, Paata Imnadze, Tinatin Manjavidze","doi":"10.1289/EHP15788","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP15788","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;For years, children in the Republic of Georgia, have experienced elevated blood lead levels (BLLs). From September 2023 to April 2024, the National Center for Disease Control and Public Health in Georgia piloted a national surveillance program for lead in children in two western regions of the country, using volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) to measure BLLs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;We monitored BLLs and assessed predictors of elevated BLLs in children 5-7 years of age from two regions in the Republic of Georgia. We also aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of VAMS for BLL surveillance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Children 5-7 years of age were randomly selected from the regions of Adjara and Imereti, Georgia, and 1,635 children participated. A trained phlebotomist collected two capillary blood samples from the children's fingertips using &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;30&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;-&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; VAMS devices. The samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry. Guardians completed a questionnaire detailing demographics, household, and lifestyle characteristics. We employed multivariable logistic regression models to identify predictors of BLLs &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≥&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; or &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≥&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10.0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;g&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;dL&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; in Georgia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Approximately 39.8%, 20%, and 4% of the participants had BLLs &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≥&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≥&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5.0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, and &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≥&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10.0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;g&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;dL&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, respectively. In both regions, male sex and unpainted housing predicted BLLs &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≥&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;g&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;dL&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; but not BLLs &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≥&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10.0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;g&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;dL&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;. In Imereti, urban living additionally predicted BLLs &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≥&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;g&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;dL&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, while small household size and metal toys [metal vs. plastic toys: &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;odds ratio &lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;OR&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3.58&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.66, 7.72] were associated with BLLs &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≥&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10.0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;g&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;dL&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;. In Adjara, age, housing type, use of certain spices (yes vs. no: &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;OR&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1.47&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.94), and household lead bullet production (yes vs. no: &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;OR&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;6.66&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;; 95% CI: 1.41, 31.6) predicted BLLs &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≥&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;g&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"57003"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12052077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143673515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to Ethylene Oxide and Relative Rates of Female Breast Cancer Mortality: 62 Years of Follow-Up in a Large US Occupational Cohort.","authors":"Kaitlin Kelly-Reif, Stephen J Bertke, Leslie Stayner, Kyle Steenland","doi":"10.1289/EHP15566","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP15566","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ethylene oxide (EtO) is a recognized carcinogen of concern in occupational and environmental settings, but evidence of cancer risks in humans remains limited. Since new EtO emission standards and mitigation measures have been proposed, further investigation of EtO cancer risks is needed to inform quantitative risk assessment.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our objective was to estimate the association between cumulative EtO exposure and risk of death from breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We had data on 7,549 women from the largest cohort of EtO-exposed workers who were employed for at least 1 y at one of 13 US facilities, with mortality follow-up from 1 January 1960 to 31 December 2021. We estimated relative rates (RR) of the association between cumulative EtO exposure [parts per million days (ppm-days)] and breast cancer mortality using Cox proportional hazard models, using a matched risk-set sampling design with attained age as the underlying time scale. We further examined a subcohort of women who participated in interviews that contained information about breast cancer risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cumulative exposure to EtO was associated with elevated RRs of breast cancer mortality (181 deaths). In a log-log model with a 20-y lag fit, workers who accrued <math><mrow><mn>3,650</mn><mtext> ppm-days</mtext></mrow></math> of exposure (equivalent to 10 y exposed at a rate of <math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mtext> ppm</mtext></mrow></math>) had over three times the rate of breast cancer death in comparison with unexposed workers (RR at 3,650 <math><mrow><mtext>ppm-days</mtext><mo>=</mo><mn>3.15</mn></mrow></math>; 95% CI: 1.78, 5.60). This RR remained elevated for the subset of the cohort with interview data after matching on potential confounders (RR at 3,650 <math><mrow><mtext>ppm-days</mtext><mo>=</mo><mn>3.22</mn></mrow></math>; 95% CI: 1.52, 7.13). We observed evidence of variation in RRs by time since exposure and exposure rate.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This updated analysis of an EtO-exposed worker cohort builds on evidence that EtO is a human breast carcinogen and supports recent exposure reduction proposals. Given the high prevalence of breast cancer, the large number of workers exposed to EtO and the potential for widespread environmental exposure increased risks observed even in the low exposure range are of serious public health importance. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15566.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"57013"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12097532/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Exposure to Disinfectants and Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Disease among US Nurses: The Nurses' Health Study II.","authors":"Yi-Xin Wang, Orianne Dumas, Raphaëlle Varraso, Yang Sun, Janet W Rich-Edwards, JoAnn E Manson, Kenneth J Mukamal, Yu Zhang, Carlos A Camargo, Carmen Messerlian","doi":"10.1289/EHP14945","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP14945","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exposure to certain chemicals in disinfectants has been associated with vascular dysfunction in toxicological studies, but the association between disinfectant exposure and clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between occupational exposure to disinfectants and subsequent risk of CVD among US nurses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 75,675 participants from The Nurses' Health Study II who maintained a nursing job and reported data on occupational disinfectant exposure. We estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident CVD, including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, using Cox proportional hazard models comparing job types and general disinfection tasks between participants. We also used a job-task-exposure matrix to evaluate the risk of CVD by frequency of cleaning/disinfection tasks and exposure levels of seven specific disinfectants (formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, hypochlorite bleach, hydrogen peroxide, alcohol, quaternary ammonium compounds, and enzymatic cleaners).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 10 y of follow-up (2009-2019), we documented 726 incident cases of CVD. In fully adjusted models, the hazard ratio of CVD among nurses who worked in operating rooms was 1.72 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25, 2.36], in comparison with those working as educators or administrators. A similar pattern of associations was found when we separately assessed the risk for CHD and stroke [<math><mrow><mtext>HR</mtext><mo>=</mo><mn>1.69</mn></mrow></math> (95% CI: 1.11, 2.58) and <math><mrow><mtext>HR</mtext><mo>=</mo><mn>1.69</mn></mrow></math> (95% CI: 1.05, 2.74), respectively] among operating room nurses, in comparison with those working as educators or administrators. Those who used disinfectants weekly had modest elevations in CVD risk (<math><mrow><mtext>HR</mtext><mo>=</mo><mn>1.21</mn></mrow></math>; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.40), in comparison with women who never used disinfectants. The highest CVD risk was observed among nurses using disinfectants or spray or aerosol products 4-7 d/wk and those exposed to the highest levels of the seven specific disinfectants listed above.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exposure to disinfectants in real-world health care settings was associated with a higher risk of CVD, including CHD and stroke, among US nurses. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14945.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"57006"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: \"Long-Term Air Pollution Exposure and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number: An Analysis of UK Biobank Data\".","authors":"Yun Soo Hong, Stephanie L Battle, Daniela Puiu, Wen Shi, Nathan Pankratz, Di Zhao, Dan E Arking, Eliseo Guallar","doi":"10.1289/EHP17821","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP17821","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"59001"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal Concentration-Response Modeling with Continuous Curves and Exposure Error Correction: PM2.5 and Mortality in the Medicare Cohort.","authors":"Joel Schwartz,Yijing Feng,Edgar Castro,Yaguang Wei","doi":"10.1289/ehp15238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp15238","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDMany studies have reported associations of PM2.5 with mortality, but fewer at low concentrations, and even fewer using causal modeling or correcting for exposure error bias. None have corrected for the non-representativeness of monitoring locations.OBJECTIVESWe examined the association of PM2.5 with all-cause mortality in the Medicare cohort using a combination of causal modeling, flexible concentration-response modeling, and bias correction for exposure error, while controlling for NO2 and O3 as well as standard confounders.METHODSUsing monitors not used to fit our PM2.5 model we fitted 72 regression calibration models stratified by season, region, and elevation in the US. We fitted a B-spline with 4 degrees of freedom to the calibrated PM2.5 and fitted separate generalized propensity score models for each spline component using gradient boosting. We also used inverse probability weights to account for the non-representativeness of monitoring locations. Using the generalized propensity scores and the B-splines, we fitted quasi-Poisson models to counts of deaths in each ZIP code-year stratified by race, Medicaid status, and gender. Separate models were fit for participants identifying as Black and as White, and for ZIP codes with higher and lower poverty rates. We fit a model using the original exposure to estimate the extent of exposure error bias.RESULTSThe propensity score analysis achieved good balance for all covariates. Controlling for the propensity scores, we found a concentration-response curve with no evidence of a threshold, and whose confidence interval did not include the null from 4 μg/m3 and upward. There were 223,666,531 person-years of follow-up between the current US EPA standard of 9 μg/m3 and the WHO guideline of 5 μg/m3, and the rate ratio between them was 1.088 (95% CI 1.064, 1.113). Using the original exposure, the rate ratio was 1.076 (95% CI 1.070,1.083). Hence, effects continue below the EPA standard and calibrated estimates of effect were 16% higher. Effects were larger from 8 μg/m3 among participants identifying as Black.DISCUSSIONThe concentration-response curve between air pollution and mortality remains after adjustment for exposure error and using causal models and continues to concentrations below current US EPA and EU standards, and even below WHO guidelines. Exposure error in the original exposure resulted in noticeable downward bias at low concentrations. Persons identifying as Black are more susceptible. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15238.","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"47 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurological Outcomes of Joint Exposure to Polystyrene Micro/Nanospheres and Silver Nanoparticles in Zebrafish.","authors":"Jie Song, Qian Pu, Chen Chen, Xingcheng Liu, Xinlei Zhang, Zejun Wang, Jin Yan, Xuedong Wang, Huili Wang, Qiuhui Qian","doi":"10.1289/EHP14873","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP14873","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Micro/nanoplastics and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are emerging environmental contaminants widely detected in aquatic environments. However, previous research has primarily focused on the interactions between micro/nanoplastics and organic substances or heavy metals, whereas the interactions and combined toxic effects of micro/nanoplastics with AgNPs remain unclear.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;Our study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of coexposure to AgNPs and polystyrene micro/nanospheres (PS M/NPs) on the nervous system, comparing the toxicity of AgNPs alone and in combination with PS M/NPs in larval zebrafish.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We investigated the dynamics of AgNPs' (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mtext&gt; nm&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) adsorption onto PS M/NPs (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;100&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mtext&gt; nm&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Zebrafish larvae were coexposed to PS M/NPs (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;200&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;g&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) and AgNPs (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;g&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) from 6 h post fertilization (hpf) to &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;72&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mtext&gt; hpf to&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∼&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;120&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mtext&gt; hpf&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; to evaluate neuroinflammatory effects from multiple perspectives, including developmental abnormalities, oxidative stress, neurobehavioral differences, vascular development, immune responses, differences in gene expression, and differences upon neuroinflammation inhibitor addition.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Adsorption experiments showed PS M/NPs could stably adsorb AgNPs, with higher adsorption in smaller particles. Zebrafish larvae exposed to combined PS M/NPs and AgNPs demonstrated neurodevelopmental abnormalities, including developmental malformations, lower levels of locomotor activity, delayed response, and abnormal neuronal development. In addition, exposed zebrafish also exhibited disrupted neurodevelopmental markers, including vascular and apoptotic indicators, and oxidative stress and neuroimmune responses. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed differences in gene expression within neurotoxic pathways in PS M/NPs and AgNPs-exposed zebrafish, focusing on key genes in immunity, apoptosis, vascular, and neural development. Furthermore, these neurotoxic effects induced by combined exposure were alleviated following the introduction of the neuroinflammation inhibitor curcumin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;Our findings demonstrate that polystyrene nanospheres (PSNPs) intensified AgNPs-induced neurotoxicity in larval zebrafish, whereas polystyrene microspheres (PSMPs) had a lesser effect, indicating distinct gene regulation roles when combined with AgNPs. These findings enhance the assessment of environmental risks in settings with coexisting nanom","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"57007"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12068508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partial Effects in Environmental Mixtures: Evidence and Guidance on Methods and Implications.","authors":"Maria E Kamenetsky, Barrett M Welch, Paige A Bommarito, Jessie P Buckley, Katie M O'Brien, Alexandra J White, Thomas F McElrath, David E Cantonwine, Kelly K Ferguson, Alexander P Keil","doi":"10.1289/EHP14942","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP14942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The effects of a mixture of exposures on health outcomes are of interest to public health but pose methodological hurdles. These exposures may impact the outcome in opposing ways, which we call the positive and negative partial effects of a mixture. There has been growing interest in estimating these partial effects and their ability to inform public health interventions.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Methods like quantile g-computation (QGC) and weighted quantile sums regression (WQSr) were originally developed for estimating an overall mixture effect. These approaches, however, have not been comprehensively evaluated in their ability to estimate partial effects. We study the bias-variance tradeoffs of these approaches in estimating partial effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compare QGC with sample-splitting (QGCSS) and WQSr with sample-splitting (WQSSS) and new methods including <i>a</i>) QGC <i>a priori</i> (QGCAP) and WQS <i>a priori</i> (WQSAP), which use prior knowledge to determine the positive and negative exposures prior to partial effects estimation; <i>b</i>) model-averaging (QGC-MA); and <i>c</i>) elastic net to determine the split (QGC-Enet). We also considered WQSr with no sample-splitting (WQSNS), repeated holdout sets (RH-WQS), and two-index model with penalized weights (WQS2i). We compared performance under <i>a</i>) exposure correlations, <i>b</i>) varying sample sizes, <i>c</i>) spread in the negative effect across exposures, and <i>d</i>) imbalance in the partial effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our simulation results showed that the estimation of negative and positive partial effects grows in root mean squared error and average bias as correlation among exposures increases, sample sizes shrink, the negative effect is spread over more exposures, or the imbalance between the negative and positive effects increases. Our results are demonstrated in two examples of mixtures in relation to oxidative stress biomarkers and telomere length.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Outside of having <i>a priori</i> knowledge, no method is optimally reliable for estimating partial effects across common exposure scenarios. We provide guidance for practitioners of when partial effects might be most accurately estimated under particular settings. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14942.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"57005"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143718372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}