Environmental Health Perspectives最新文献

{"title":"Exposure to ethylene oxide and relative rates of female breast cancer mortality: 62 years of follow-up in a large US occupational cohort.","authors":"Kaitlin Kelly-Reif, Stephen J Bertke, Leslie Stayner, Kyle Steenland","doi":"10.1289/EHP15566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15566","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ethylene oxide (EtO) is a recognized carcinogen of concern in occupational and environmental settings, but evidence of cancer risks in humans remains limited. Since new EtO emission standards and mitigation measures have been proposed, further investigation of EtO cancer risks is needed to inform quantitative risk assessment.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our objective was to estimate the association between cumulative EtO exposure and risk of death from breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We had data on 7,549 women from the largest cohort of EtO-exposed workers who were employed for at least 1 year at one of 13 US facilities, with mortality follow-up from January 1, 1960, to December 31, 2021. We estimated relative rates (RR) of the association between cumulative EtO exposure [parts per million days (ppm-days)] and breast cancer mortality using Cox proportional hazard models, using a matched risk-set sampling design with attained-age as the underlying time scale. We further examined a subcohort of women who participated in interviews which contained information about breast cancer risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cumulative exposure to EtO was associated with elevated RRs of breast cancer mortality (181 deaths). In a log-log model with a 20-year lag fit, workers who accrued 3,650 ppm-days of exposure (equivalent to 10 years exposed at a rate of 1 ppm) had over three times the rate of breast cancer death compared to unexposed workers (RR at 3,650 ppm-days = 3.15; 95%CI: 1.78, 5.60). This RR remained elevated for the subset of the cohort with interview data after matching on potential confounders (RR at 3,650 ppm-days = 3.22; 95%CI: 1.52, 7.13). We observed evidence of variation in RRs by time since exposure and exposure rate.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This updated analysis of an EtO exposed worker cohort builds upon evidence that EtO is a human breast carcinogen and supports recent exposure reduction proposals. Given the high prevalence of breast cancer, the large number of workers exposed to EtO, and the potential for widespread environmental exposure, increased risks observed even in the low exposure range are of serious public health importance. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15566.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal and Childhood Exposure to Fluoride and Cognitive Development: Findings from the Longitudinal MINIMat Cohort in Rural Bangladesh.","authors":"Taranbir Singh, Klara Gustin, Syed Moshfiqur Rahman, Shamima Shiraji, Fahmida Tofail, Marie Vahter, Mariza Kampouri, Maria Kippler","doi":"10.1289/EHP14534","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP14534","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;There are indications that fluoride exposure considered to be beneficial for dental health may not be safe from a neurodevelopmental perspective.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;We assessed the impact of prenatal and childhood fluoride exposure on cognitive abilities at 5 and 10 years of age.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We studied 500 mother-child pairs from the MINIMat (Maternal and Infant Nutrition Interventions in Matlab) birth cohort in rural Bangladesh. Urinary fluoride concentrations were measured in the pregnant women at gestational week 8 and in their children at 5 and 10 years of age using an ion-selective electrode and adjusting for specific gravity. Cognitive abilities were assessed using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale for Intelligence, Third Edition, and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition, at 5 and 10 years of age, respectively. Associations of urinary fluoride concentrations (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;log&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;-transformed) with cognitive abilities (raw scores) were assessed with multivariable-adjusted linear or spline regression models. Water fluoride concentrations at the time of the follow-up of the children at 10 years of age were also measured.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Maternal urinary fluoride concentrations (median: &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.63&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;mg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, 5th-95th percentiles: &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.26&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1.41&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;mg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) were inversely associated with full-scale raw scores at 5 and 10 years [&lt;i&gt;B&lt;/i&gt; (95% confidence interval): &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.8&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5.1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.6&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) and &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4.9&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;8.0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1.8&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;), respectively, by exposure doubling]. In cross-sectional analysis at 10 years, child urinary fluoride (overall median: &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.66&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;mg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, 5th-95th percentiles: &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.34&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1.26&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;mg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) above &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.47&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; on the &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;log&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;-scale (corresponding to &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.72&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;mg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) was inversely associated with full-scale raw scores [&lt;i&gt;B&lt;/i&gt; (95% confidence interval): &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;12.1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;21.2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3.0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;)]. The association at 5 years of age was also negative but nonsignificant. For both prenatal and childhood exposure, ","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"47008"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulated Microplastic Release from Cutting Boards and Evaluation of Intestinal Inflammation and Gut Microbiota in Mice.","authors":"Hai-Jun Gan, Shan Chen, Ke Yao, Xin-Ying Lin, Albert L Juhasz, Dongmei Zhou, Hong-Bo Li","doi":"10.1289/EHP15472","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP15472","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Plastic cutting boards are commonly used in food preparation, increasing human exposure to microplastics (MPs). However, the health implications are still not well understood.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;The objective of this study was to assess the impacts of long-term exposure to MPs released from cutting boards on intestinal inflammation and gut microbiota.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;MPs were incorporated into mouse diets by cutting the food on polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and willow wooden (WB) cutting boards, and the diets were fed to mice over periods of 4 and 12 wk. Serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;α&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt; (TNF-&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;α&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;), interleukin-10 (IL-10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS, an endotoxin), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), along with ileum and colon levels of interleukin-1&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;β&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt; (IL-&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mi&gt;β&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;), TNF-&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;α&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), were measured using mouse enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The mRNA expression of mucin 2 and intestinal tight junction proteins in mouse ileum and colon tissues was quantified using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Fecal microbiota, fecal metabolomics, and liver metabolomics were characterized.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;PP and PE cutting boards released MPs, with concentrations reaching &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1,088&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;95.0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1,211&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;322&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;g&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;g&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; in diets, respectively, and displaying mean particle sizes of &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10.4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.96&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; vs. &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;27.4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1.45&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;. Mice fed diets prepared on PP cutting boards for 12 wk exhibited significantly higher serum levels of LPS, CRP, TNF-&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;α&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, IL-10, and CEA, as well as higher levels of IL-1&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;β&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, TNF-&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;α&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, MDA, SOD, and MLCK in the ileum and colon compared with mice fed diets prepared on WB cutting boards. These mice also showed lower relative expression of &lt;i&gt;Occludin&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Zonula occludens-1&lt;/i&gt; in the ileum and colon. In contrast, mice exposed to diets prepared on PE cutting boards for 12 wk did not show evident inflammation; however, there was a significant decrease in the relative abundance of Firmicutes and an increase in Desulfobacterota compared with those fed diets prepared on WB cutting boards, and exposure to diets prepared on PE cutting boards over 12 wk also altered mouse fecal and liver metabolites compared with those fed diets prepared on WB cutting boards.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;The findings suggest that MPs from P","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"47004"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11980920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: \"Determinants of PFOA Serum Half-Life after End of Exposure: A Longitudinal Study on Highly Exposed Subjects in the Veneto Region\".","authors":"Erich Batzella, Isabella Rosato, Gisella Pitter, Filippo Da Re, Francesca Russo, Cristina Canova, Tony Fletcher","doi":"10.1289/EHP17398","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP17398","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"49001"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12036665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrafine Particle Mobile Monitoring Study Designs for Epidemiology: Cost and Performance Comparisons.","authors":"Sun-Young Kim, Amanda J Gassett, Magali N Blanco, Lianne Sheppard","doi":"10.1289/EHP15100","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP15100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Given the difficulty of collecting air pollution measurements for individuals, researchers use mobile monitoring to develop accurate models that predict long-term average exposure to air pollution, allowing the investigation of its association with human health. Although recent mobile monitoring studies focused on predictive models' abilities to select optimal designs, cost is also an important feature.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to compare costs to predictive model performance for different mobile monitoring designs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data on ultrafine particle stationary roadside mobile monitoring and associated costs collected by the Adult Changes in Thought Air Pollution (ACT-AP) study. By assuming a single-instrument, local monitoring, and constant costs of equipment and investigator oversight, we focused on the incremental cost of staff work days composed mostly of sampling drives and quality control procedures. The ACT-AP complete design included data collection from 309 sites, <math><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mn>29</mn></mrow></math> visits per site, during four seasons, every day of the week. We considered alternative designs by selecting subsets of fewer sites, visits, seasons, days of week, and hours of day. Then, we developed exposure prediction models from each alternative design and calculated cross-validation (CV) statistics using all observations from the complete design. Finally, we compared CV R-squared values and the numbers of staff work days from alternative designs to those from the complete design and demonstrate this exercise in a web application.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For designs with fewer visits per site, the costs for number of work days were lower and model performance (CV <math><mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mrow></math>) also worsened, but with mild decline above 12 visits per site. The costs were also less for designs with fewer sites when considering at least 100 sites, although the reduction in performance was minimal. For temporally restricted designs that were constrained to have the same number of work days and thus the same cost, restrictions on the number of seasons, days of week, and/or hours of the day adversely impacted model performance.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our study provides practical guidance to future mobile monitoring campaigns that have the ultimate goal of assessing the health effect of long-term air pollution. Temporally balanced designs with 12 visits per site are a cost-effective option that provide relatively good prediction accuracy with reduced costs. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15100.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"47010"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12036699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Perspective from US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Scientists: How Your Epidemiologic Analyses Can Inform the Human Health Risk Assessment Process.","authors":"Rachel M Shaffer, Alexandra L Lee, Rebecca Nachman, Krista Christensen, Thomas F Bateson","doi":"10.1289/EHP15203","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP15203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Environmental epidemiologists strive to conduct research that will lead to actions that improve public health outcomes. The risk assessment process is the bridge between scientific research and policies that can impact public health. Historically, epidemiologic studies have not frequently been used to inform US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) assessments outside of the context of air pollution. There are certain practices that the epidemiology community can adopt to facilitate the integration of epidemiologic studies into policy-relevant assessments.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The central objective of this commentary is to provide guidance to epidemiologists that will enhance the value of their studies for US EPA assessments. First, we provide an overview of the US EPA dose-response and toxicity value derivation to increase literacy about these processes across the environmental epidemiology community. Second, we provide suggestions for modeling and reporting to facilitate the use of epidemiologic studies in US EPA dose-response assessments that form the basis for decision-making.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Epidemiologic research can be used in all aspects of dose-response assessment, which involves identifying a point of departure followed by specific adjustments and extrapolations to identify a toxicity value intended to prevent adverse effects across the population. To facilitate the integration of epidemiologic research into the dose-response assessment process, we provide specific recommendations for additional modeling (e.g., modeling in the low exposure range; exploring nonlinearity) and reporting (e.g., sufficient information to conduct study evaluation; more details on exposure levels in the population) in published epidemiologic research. Many of these suggestions require only additional reporting in the final manuscript or associated appendixes but would have substantial impact on the contribution of the published work to the assessment process. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15203.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"45001"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Cigarette-Derived Compounds on the Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance in Artificial Human Lung Sputum Medium, Simulated Environmental Media, and Wastewater.","authors":"Peiju Fang, Diala Konyali, Emily Fischer, Robin Pascal Mayer, Jin Huang, Alan Xavier Elena, Gerit Hartmut Orzechowski, Andrew Tony-Odigie, David Kneis, Alexander Dalpke, Peter Krebs, Bing Li, Thomas U Berendonk, Uli Klümper","doi":"10.1289/EHP14704","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP14704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and smoking of tobacco products are two of the most important threats to global human health. Both are associated with millions of deaths every year. Surprisingly, the immediate interactions between these two threats remain poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to elucidate the effect of toxic compounds from cigarette smoke, ashes, and filters on the spread of antibiotic resistance genes in human lung and environmental microbiomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Conjugation experiments using donor and recipient strain pairs of either <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> or <i>Escherichia coli</i> and AMR-encoding plasmids were conducted under exposure to different concentrations of cigarette smoke condensate in lung sputum medium, as well as cigarette ash and filter leachate in environmental media. We further measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of the donor strain under exposure to the cigarette-derived compounds to explore whether stress experienced by the bacteria could be one of the underlying mechanisms of change in plasmid transfer frequencies. Furthermore, used cigarette filters were submerged in a wastewater stream for several weeks, and the colonizing communities were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing and high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction and compared with communities colonizing unused control filters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exposure to cigarette smoke condensate at relevant concentrations resulted in <math><mrow><mo>></mo><mn>2</mn><mtext>-fold</mtext></mrow></math> higher transfer rates of a multidrug-resistance-encoding plasmid in artificial lung sputum medium. This was associated with higher ROS production as part of the bacterial stress response when exposed to cigarette-derived toxicants. Similar results were obtained for cigarette ash leachate in an environmental medium. Further, used cigarette filters were colonized by different microbial communities compared with unused filters. Those communities were significantly enriched with potential human pathogens and AMR.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The results of this study suggest that cigarette-derived compounds can indeed promote the spread of AMR within simulated human lung and environmental conditions. This study highlights that the consumption of cigarettes has not only direct but may also have indirect adverse effects on human health by promoting AMR. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14704.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"47003"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11980918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on \"Asking Why Is Necessary to Address Health Disparities: A Critical Approach for Solution-Oriented Environmental Epidemiological Research\".","authors":"Alvaro J Idrovo","doi":"10.1289/EHP16851","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP16851","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"48001"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11980915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Urinary Fluoride Levels of a Large Pregnancy Cohort in the United States: Findings from the ADORE Study.","authors":"Adrianne K Griebel-Thompson, Scott Sands, Lynn Chollet-Hinton, Danielle Christifano, Debra K Sullivan, Holly Hull, Juliana Teruel Camargo, Susan E Carlson","doi":"10.1289/EHP14711","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP14711","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Emerging evidence has suggested negative associations between maternal urinary fluoride adjusted for specific gravity (MUFsg) and offspring intelligence quotient (IQ). Two prior studies report the MUFsg of pregnant women in the US, both in California, and more information is needed on population levels of MUFsg.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;The primary objective was to measure MUFsg in a large pregnancy cohort of women recruited from health departments and academic hospitals in Ohio and Kansas. A secondary objective was to compare associations between water fluoridation level and estimated fluoride intake from tap water and MUFsg.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Pregnant women (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;n&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;965&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) from the ADORE (Assessment of DHA on Reducing Early Preterm Birth) cohort provided a urine sample and dietary assessment at enrollment between 14 and 20 wk gestation. MUFsg was measured by fluoride-sensitive electrode and corrected for specific gravity. Water fluoridation levels were obtained for public water systems (PWS), matched to participant residence and multiplied by their tap water intake from dietary assessment. The association between MUFsg and water fluoridation level was estimated using a generalized linear model with gamma distribution and log link.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;MUFsg (median: &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1.0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;mg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;; Q1, Q3: 0.6, 1.5) was correlated with PWS fluoridation (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.30&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;; &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.01&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) and self-reported tap water consumption (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.29&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;; &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.01&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;). For 87% of the cohort, MUFsg was above the &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.45&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;mg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; safety benchmark for pregnancy proposed in a previous study. Similarly, 76.7% lived in areas with PWS fluoridation &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≥&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.7&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;mg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;. The median MUFsg (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1.0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;mg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;; Q1, Q3: 0.7, 1.5) of those living in areas with a PWS fluoridation level &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≥&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.7&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;mg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; was higher than the median MUFsg (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.8&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;mg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;; Q1, Q3: 0.5, 1.2) of women living in areas with PWS fluoridation &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.7&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;mg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.01&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;MUFsg in this population of midwestern US w","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"47001"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11980916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of <i>Fusarium</i> Mycotoxins and Fungal Metabolites in Seized Cannabis in Arizona and California, 2023-2024.","authors":"Ariell B Stephens, Albert B Rivera, Thomas M Cahill, Maxwell C K Leung","doi":"10.1289/EHP16028","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP16028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"47701"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}