Environmental Health Perspectives最新文献

{"title":"Obtaining and Evaluating Information on the Use, Release, and Health Effects of Two Types of Long-Chain PFAS Used as Alternatives for Legacy Long-Chain Perfluoroalkyl Acids: A Case Study.","authors":"Gloria B Post","doi":"10.1289/EHP15995","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP15995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Short-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that are less bioaccumulative have been introduced as replacements for long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) with the intent of reducing health risks. In contrast, alternative PFAS with longer chain lengths may be at least as bioaccumulative and toxic as phased-out long-chain PFAAs. Such alternative PFAS were used and released unbeknownst to regulatory authorities or the public, causing environmental contamination of public health concern.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective was to examine issues encountered in learning about use, release, and toxicity of alternative PFAS and to demonstrate development of human health benchmarks for alternative PFAS from previously unavailable health effects information.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Environmental contamination with chloroperfluoropolyether carboxylates (ClPFPECAs) near a New Jersey fluoropolymer manufacturing facility was revealed through a joint New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP)-United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Office of Research and Development study. Previously unavailable information on use, release, and toxicity of ClPFPECAs and another alternative PFAS, perfluoropolyether dicarboxylates, was obtained through an NJDEP legal directive requiring submission of information on such PFAS used in the state. It was learned that the facility discharged large amounts of these alternative PFAS to air and water for many years, both before and after use of long-chain PFAAs ended, and that they are at least as bioaccumulative and toxic in rats as long-chain PFAAs. Additionally, information from exposed workers shows that ClPFPECAs have a human half-life of several years and are associated with numerous health end points. Reference doses and water concentrations protective of chronic drinking water exposure for these alternative PFAS are below those developed by NJDEP for long-chain PFAAs. The use and release of alternative PFAS described herein created concerning human health risks, unknown to regulatory authorities and the public. Such situations in other locations must be identified to allow for regulatory intervention and prevented in the future. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15995.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"55002"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12083776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Average Temperature Differences and CVD Incidence: Results from the US-Based Nurses' Health Study, Nurses' Health Study II, and the Health Professional Follow-Up Study.","authors":"Jochem O Klompmaker, Francine Laden, Francesca Dominici, Peter James, Eric Rimm, Charlie Roscoe, Grete Wilt, Antonella Zanobetti, Jaime E Hart","doi":"10.1289/EHP14677","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP14677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Climate change is one of the greatest health threats facing humanity. Multiple studies have documented the impact of short-term temperature exposure on human health. However, long-term temperature exposures are far less studied.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We examined whether exposures to higher or lower summer and winter average temperatures compared to long-term average temperatures were associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence in three US-based cohorts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We followed 276,618 participants from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) (1991-2018), the Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII) (1994-2017), and the Health Professionals' Follow-Up Study (1991-2015). We used data (1986-2018) from PRISM Spatial Climate Datasets (<math><mrow><mn>800</mn><mtext>-</mtext><mo>×</mo><mn>800</mn><mtext>-m</mtext></mrow></math> spatial resolution) to calculate differences between the summer (June-August) and winter (December-February) average temperatures and the previous 5-year summer and winter average temperatures at residential addresses of each participant. CVD incidence was defined as first nonfatal or fatal myocardial infarction (MI) or nonfatal or fatal stroke. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine associations with between average temperatures and CVD incidence. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were pooled using random effect meta-analysis. We also examined associations in the populations <math><mrow><mo><</mo><mn>65</mn></mrow></math> and <math><mrow><mn>65</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></math> years of age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After pooling HRs, we found no association of summer average temperatures higher than the previous 5-year average temperature, with CVD incidence. A winter average temperature lower than the previous 5-year average was associated with CVD incidence (<math><mtext>HR</mtext><mo>=</mo><mn>0.95</mn></math> per 2.7°C increase; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.01). Among persons <math><mrow><mo><</mo><mn>65</mn></mrow></math> years of age, we observed increased CVD risks with higher summer average temperatures (pooled <math><mrow><mtext>HR</mtext><mo>=</mo><mn>1.03</mn></mrow></math> per 1.3°C increase; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.07) and lower winter average temperatures (pooled <math><mrow><mtext>HR</mtext><mo>=</mo><mn>0.91</mn></mrow></math> per 2.7°C increase; 95% CI: 0.87, 0.95) compared to the previous 5-year average temperature.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Exposure to a winter average temperature lower than the previous 5-year average was suggestively associated with an increased CVD risk. Exposure to a summer average temperature higher than the previous 5-year average was associated with CVD incidence in the population <math><mrow><mo><</mo><mn>65</mn></mrow></math> years of age but not in the full population. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14677.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"57027"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12121720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to Long- and Short-Chain Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Mice and Ovarian-Related Outcomes: An <i>in Vivo</i> and <i>in Vitro</i> Study.","authors":"Pawat Pattarawat, Tingjie Zhan, Yihan Fan, Jiyang Zhang, Hilly Yang, Ying Zhang, Sarahna Moyd, Nataki C Douglas, Margrit Urbanek, Brian Buckley, Joanna Burdette, Qiang Zhang, Ji-Yong Julie Kim, Shuo Xiao","doi":"10.1289/EHP14876","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP14876","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The extensive use of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has led to environmental contamination and bioaccumulation of these substances. Previous research linked PFAS exposure to female reproductive disorders, but the mechanism remains elusive. Further, most studies focused on legacy long-chain PFOA and PFOS, yet the reproductive impacts of other long-chain PFAS and short-chain alternatives are rarely explored.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;We investigated the effects of long- and short-chain PFAS on the mouse ovary and further evaluated the toxic mechanisms of long-chain perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A 3D &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; mouse ovarian follicle culture system and an &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; mouse model were used, together with approaches of reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), pharmacological treatments, &lt;i&gt;in situ&lt;/i&gt; zymography, histology, &lt;i&gt;in situ&lt;/i&gt; hybridization, analytical chemistry, and benchmark dose modeling (BMD). Using these approaches, a wide range of exposure levels (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;250&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;M&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) of long-chain PFAS (PFOA, PFOS, PFNA) and short-chain PFAS (PFHpA, PFBS, GenX) were first tested in cultured follicles to examine their effects on follicle growth, hormone secretion, and ovulation. We identified &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;250&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;M&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; as the most effective concentration for further investigation into the toxic mechanisms of PFNA, followed by an &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; mouse exposure model to verify the accumulation of PFNA in the ovary and its ovarian-disrupting effects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; cultured ovarian follicles exposed to long- but not short-chain PFAS showed poorer gonadotropin-dependent follicle growth, ovulation, and hormone secretion in comparison with control follicles. RT-qPCR and RNA-seq analyses revealed significant alterations in the expression of genes involved in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-dependent follicle growth, luteinizing hormone (LH)-stimulated ovulation, and associated regulatory pathways in the PFNA-exposed group in comparison with the control group. The PPAR agonist experiment demonstrated that a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;PPAR&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mi&gt;γ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) antagonist could reverse both the phenotypic and genotypic effects of PFNA exposure, restoring them to levels comparable to the control group. Furthermore, &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; experiments confirmed that PFNA could accumulate in ovarian tissues and validated the &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; findings. The BMD, &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; extrapolation analyses estimated follicular rupture as the most sensitive end point and that observed effects occurred in the range of human exposure to long-chain PFAS.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;str","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"57024"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12120842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Categorizing Concentration Confidence: A Framework for Reporting Concentration Measures from Mass Spectrometry-Based Assays.","authors":"Lauren M Petrick, David Achaintre, Amith Maroli, Julio Landero, Priyanthi S Dessanayake, Susan L Teitelbaum, Mary S Wolff, Manish Arora, Robert O Wright, Syam S Andra","doi":"10.1289/EHP15465","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP15465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Innovation in mass spectrometry-based methods to both quantify and perform discovery has blurred the lines between targeted and untargeted assays of biospecimens. Continuous data-concentrations or intensity values generated from both methods-can be used in statistical analysis to determine associations with health outcomes, but concentration values are needed to compare measurements from one study to another to inform policy making decisions and to develop clinically relevant thresholds. As a single solution for discovery and quantitation, new hybrid-type assays derive concentration values for chemicals or metabolites but with varying degrees of uncertainty that may be greater than traditional quantitative assays. There is no current single standard to guide reporting bioassay concentrations or their uncertainty in concentration values from hybrid assays. Even when measures are robust, obtained with high scientific rigor, and provide valuable data toward risk assessment, unknown uncertainty can lead to bias in interpretation of reported data or omission of reported data that does not meet the strict criteria for absolute quantitation.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this commentary is to articulate a scheme that enables investigators across bioanalytical fields to easily report analyte measurement assurance on the same scale from quantitative, untargeted, or hybrid assays that include a range of concentration confidences.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>We propose a simple scheme to report concentrations for targeted and untargeted analytes. Level 1 is a confirmed concentration following established tolerances in a fully quantitative assay while level 5 is a tentative intensity from a typical untargeted assay. This framework enables easy communication of uncertainty in concentration measurements to aid cross-validation, meta-analysis, and extrapolation across studies. It will facilitate interpretation while supporting analytical advancement and allow clear and concise measurement reporting across a broad range of confidences. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15465.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"55001"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12068507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycoestrogen Exposure during Pregnancy: Impact of the <i>ABCG2</i> Q141K Variant on Birth and Placental Outcomes.","authors":"Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Carolyn Kinkade, Anita Brinker, Ranran Zhang, Brian Buckley, Jessica Brunner, Pamela Ohman-Strickland, Xing Qiu, Rani J Qasem, John K Fallon, Philip C Smith, Richard K Miller, Carolyn S Salafia, Thomas G O'Connor, Lauren M Aleksunes, Emily S Barrett","doi":"10.1289/EHP14478","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP14478","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Zearalenone (ZEN) is an estrogenic mycotoxin (\"mycoestrogen\") that contaminates global grain crops leading to detectable concentrations of ZEN and its metabolites, including the synthetic version &lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;α&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;-zearalanol (also called zeranol; ZER), in human populations. Despite &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; animal evidence of endocrine disruption by ZEN, there has been limited investigation in humans.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;To examine markers of fetal growth following prenatal exposure to ZEN and evaluate the role of the placental efflux transporter BCRP/&lt;i&gt;ABCG2&lt;/i&gt; in protecting against ZEN's potential fetoplacental toxicity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Placentas were collected from participants (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;n&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;271&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) in the Understanding Pregnancy Signals and Development cohort (Rochester, New York, USA). Placental ZEN and its metabolites were analyzed from tissue samples using HPLC-MS. Birth weights and placental weights were obtained from medical records and direct measurement, respectively; fetoplacental weight ratio (FPR) was calculated by dividing birth weight by placental weight. Covariate-adjusted generalized linear regression models were used to examine ZEN, ZER, and total mycoestrogens (sum of ZEN, ZER, and their metabolites) in relation to birth length, birth weight, placental weight and FPR. We additionally stratified models by infant sex and &lt;i&gt;ABCG2&lt;/i&gt; C421A (Q141K) genotype.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Mycoestrogens were detected in 84% of placentas (median ZEN: &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.010&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mtext&gt; ng&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;g&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) and total mycoestrogens were associated with lower FPR [&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.20&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;; 95% confidence interval (CI): &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.32&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.08&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;], particularly in female infants (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.31&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;; 95% CI: &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.52&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.09&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;). Associations with birth weight were inverse and overall nonsignificant. Among the 17% of participants with the reduced function 421A ABCG2 variant (AA or AC), total mycoestrogens were associated with lower birth weight (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;113.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;g&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;; 95% CI: &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;226.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.50&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;), whereas in wild-type individuals, total mycoestrogens were associated with higher placental weight (9.9; 95% CI: 0.57, 19.2) and reduced FPR (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.19&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;; 95% CI: &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.33&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.05&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;Results from this epidemiological study of prenatal mycoestrogen exposure and perinatal health suggest that mycoestrogens may ","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"57001"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12052082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating Heat-Related Mortality Burden Changes under Type-Specific Green and Blue Space Scenarios in China.","authors":"Kejia Hu, Shiyi Wang, Fangrong Fei, Jingqiao Fu, Yujie Shen, Feng Chen, Yunquan Zhang, Jian Cheng, Xuchao Yang, Jieming Zhong, Yuming Guo, Jiayu Wu","doi":"10.1289/EHP14014","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP14014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Green and blue spaces (GBS) are assumed to mitigate heat-induced health risks. However, few studies have explored the impact of type-specific GBS changes on heat-related mortality burden.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effect modifications of different GBS types on heat-related mortality risks, and to estimate the changes in mortality burden in multiple GBS scenarios.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case time-series study design was utilized based on the daily data on all-cause mortality and temperatures from 2009 to 2020 in 1,085 subdistricts in China. Mortality count data were obtained from the Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Meteorological data on temperature and relative humidity were acquired from the Zhejiang Meteorological Bureau. GBS exposure was assessed by integrating fine-scale population density, GBS boundary from Baidu and OpenStreetMap, and street-view image data from Baidu. Conditional Poisson regression analyses were conducted with the distributed lag nonlinear model, incorporating modifiers of type-specific GBS exposure. Changes in heat-attributable mortality under different GBS scenarios were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Heat-related mortality risks were lower for populations with high exposure (95%) than for those with low exposure (5%) <i>a</i>) to overall green spaces, forests, parks, nature reserves, and street greenery, rather than to grasses, farms, and scrubs; and <i>b</i>) to overall blue spaces, lakes, and rivers, rather than reservoirs, wetlands, or coasts. Increases of 10%, 20%, and 30% exposure to overall green spaces are expected to avoid heat-related mortality burden by 1.6% [95% empirical confidence interval (eCI): 1.4, 1.9, 3.2% (95% eCI: 2.5, 3.9), and 4.8% (95% eCI: 3.5, 6.2)], respectively, whereas corresponding estimates for overall blue spaces are 5.4% (95% eCI: 4.4, 6.4), 10.8% (95% eCI: 8.5, 13.3), and 16.2% (95% eCI: 12.3, 20.5), respectively. Conversely, a 30% decrease in overall green space exposure and overall blue space exposure will increase the heat-related mortality burden by 4.8% (95% eCI: 4.3, 5.2) and 15.9% (95% eCI: 15.2, 16.7), respectively.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our study revealed differences in the capacity of various GBS types to mitigate heat-related mortality risks. While the protective effects of GBS may be moderate, targeted planning strategies should prioritize their implementation for maximum benefits in mitigating heat-related health risks. The continuous shrinkage of the GBS would render other efforts futile, such as heat-health action plans. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14014.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"57012"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12097534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Noise and Dynamic Brain Connectivity across Adolescence.","authors":"Mónica López-Vicente, Michelle Kusters, Anne-Claire Binter, Sami Petricola, Henning Tiemeier, Ryan Muetzel, Mònica Guxens","doi":"10.1289/EHP14525","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP14525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traffic-related exposures, such as air pollution and noise, show long-term associations with brain alterations in children and adolescents. The associations with functional connectivity have been studied using static approaches of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) (i.e., average connectivity between regions across the scanning session).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Our aim was to investigate the long-term association of traffic air pollution and noise during pregnancy and childhood with functional connectivity across adolescence using a dynamic approach, which captures different connectivity patterns across the scanning session.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from the Generation R population-based birth cohort. We estimated levels of 14 air pollutants and traffic noise at home addresses during pregnancy and childhood. We acquired rs-fMRI data at the age-10 y and age-14 y visits. We included participants with rs-fMRI data in at least one visit and either air pollution data (<math><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3,588</mn></mrow></math>) or noise data (<math><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2,642</mn></mrow></math>). We used k-means clustering to identify five connectivity patterns, called \"states,\" that reoccur over time and across subjects and visits. We calculated the mean time spent in each state for each participant and visit. We performed multi- and single-pollutant mixed effects models adjusted for socioeconomic and lifestyle variables, including the individual as random effect to test the associations between the exposures and the mean time spent in each state.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exposure to nitrogen oxides, particulate matter (PM), and road-traffic noise was related to differences in the time spent in the connectivity states, both in the multi- and single-pollutant models. For instance, higher levels of exposure to PM with aerodynamic diameter between <math><mrow><mn>2.5</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math> and <math><mrow><mn>10</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math> (<math><mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mrow><mi>PM</mi></mrow></mrow><mrow><mtext>COARSE</mtext></mrow></msub></mrow></mrow></math>) during pregnancy and higher noise exposure during childhood were associated with more time spent in a state in which the default-mode network, related to self-referential processes and mind-wandering, shows high connectivity.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Traffic-related exposures might be related to long-term alterations in brain functional network organization in adolescents. Further research should explore the potential impact of these differences on cognition and psychopathology. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14525.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"57002"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12052081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Exposure to Nitrate and Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water and Gastric Cancer: A Multicase-Control Study in Spain (MCC-Spain).","authors":"Carolina Donat-Vargas, Manolis Kogevinas, Gemma Castaño-Vinyals, Beatriz Pérez-Gómez, Nuria Aragonés, Marcela Guevara, Inés Gómez-Acebo, Antonio Molina, Guillermo Fernandez-Tardon, Mercedes Vanaclocha-Espí, Ana Molina-Barceló, Victor Moreno, Marina Pollan, Cristina M Villanueva","doi":"10.1289/EHP15039","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP15039","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Disinfection byproducts and &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;-nitroso compounds (NOC) formed endogenously after nitrate ingestion have been shown to be carcinogenic in animal studies, but epidemiological evidence is limited, especially in relation to gastric cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;We evaluated the association between drinking water exposure to nitrate and trihalomethanes (THMs) and gastric cancer in a multicase-control study conducted in Spain (MCC-Spain).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In 2008-2013, 254 hospital-based incident gastric cancer cases and 2,365 population-based controls were recruited, providing information on residential histories and type of water consumed. Adult lifetime average nitrate and THM levels in residences from age 18 until 2 years before the interview were estimated and linked with water consumption information to calculate waterborne ingested nitrate, brominated (Br)-THMs, and chloroform. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using logistic regression, with adjustment for potential confounders. We assessed the effect modification by factors influencing endogenous NOC formation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Median [percentile 25th (P&lt;sub&gt;25&lt;/sub&gt;)-percentile 75 (P&lt;sub&gt;75&lt;/sub&gt;)] (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;25&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;75&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) lifetime waterborne ingested nitrate (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;mg&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;day&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;), Br-THMs (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;g&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;day&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;), and chloroform (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;g&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;day&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) were 2.7 (1.4-5.6), 3.8 (1.5-8.1), and 12.2 (4.0-23.7), respectively, in cases and 3.8 (1.8-8.5), 5.7 (2.6-19.2), and 12.9 (4.6-24.5) in controls, respectively. Adjusted OR (95% CI) for gastric cancer comparing nitrate intake &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&gt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;9.7&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; vs. &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≤&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;9.7&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;mg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;day&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; (percentile 80th, P&lt;sub&gt;80&lt;/sub&gt;) was 1.42 (0.88, 2.29). This association was more pronounced among participants with low consumption of vegetables [2.24 (1.02, 4.91)], vitamin C [2.10 (0.94, 4.71)], and vitamin E [2.81 (1.16, 6.78)] and among those with high consumption of alcohol [2.78 (0.98, 7.93)] or processed meat [1.91 (0.97, 3.75)]. When stratified by age, the association only remained in the &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&gt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;65&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; years of age group (median 73 years of age). OR for gastric cancer comparing Br-THM ingestion &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≥&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;vs.&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mn&gt;80&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;th&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;80&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;th percentile was 0.65 (0.33, 1.28) and for chloroform was 1.36 (0.87, 2.14). Comparable ORs were found for residential concentrations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Long","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"57014"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12097535/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143963127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring environmental and cardiometabolic impacts associated with adherence to the sustainable EAT-Lancet reference diet: findings from the China Health and Nutrition Survey.","authors":"Man Wu,Yiqian Lv,Wenjing Liu,Ke Liu,Yin Wang,Zhixin Cui,Huicui Meng","doi":"10.1289/ehp15006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp15006","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDTo contribute to the growing evidence on the potential co-benefits of the EAT-Lancet reference diet for cardiometabolic health and sustainability, we investigated this topic in a nation-wide prospective cohort of Chinese adults. Adherence to this diet has been measured using several indices, including World Index for Sustainability and Health (WISH) and Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI).OBJECTIVESWe aimed to investigate the associations between adherence to the EAT-Lancet reference diet, as evaluated by WISH and PHDI, with risk of new-onset cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), risk of all-cause mortality and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.METHODSWe included adults (N=14,652 for CMDs and 15,318 for all-cause mortality) from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1997-2015) in the analysis. Dietary intake data were collected and WISH and PHDI scores were computed with established methods. CMDs included myocardial infarction (MI), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and stroke. We used Cox proportional hazard regression models, to analyze data with a mean of 10-years of follow-up from the date of baseline to the end of study or until the occurrence of the event of interest whichever came first. We adjusted for sociodemographic, anthropometric, lifestyle and dietary characteristics of participants as confounders.RESULTSGreater adherence to the EAT-Lancet reference diet, as reflected by higher WISH or PHDI scores, were inversely associated with risk of MI (Q4 vs Q1:HR=0.68 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.48-0.96) for WISH and 0.14 (95% CI: 0.07-0.29) for PHDI), T2DM (Q4 vs Q1:HR=0.81 (95% CI: 0.67-0.96) for WISH and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.57-0.82) for PHDI), all-cause mortality (Q4 vs Q1:HR=0.80 (95% CI: 0.68-0.95) for WISH and 0.60 (95% CI: 0.46-0.80) for PHDI) in fully adjusted models (all P-trend <0.05). Both WISH and PHDI were inversely associated with GHG emissions in fully adjusted models (all P-trend <0.05). WISH and PHDI were not significantly associated with risk of stroke.CONCLUSIONSOur findings supported the co-benefits of the EAT-Lancet reference diet for both cardiometabolic health and environmental sustainability. Long-term adherence to this reference diet as effectively indicated by either higher WISH or PHDI scores may reduce the risk and burden of CMDs and all-cause mortality in Chinese adults. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15006.","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cumulative Human Health Risk Assessment of Regional Ozone and Volatile Organic Compounds from Unconventional Oil and Gas Sites in Colorado's Front Range.","authors":"Meagan L Weisner,Paige M Varner,I Ting Ku,Jeffrey L Collett,Brent Buck,Lisa M McKenzie","doi":"10.1289/ehp16272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp16272","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDMost unconventional oil and gas (UOG) extraction in Colorado occurs within the Denver Metro/North Front Range (DMNFR) ozone Non-attainment Area (NAA). Previous UOG human health risk assessments do not consider cumulative risk from both volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and criteria air pollutants (CAPs) like ozone.METHODSWe conducted a cumulative human health risk assessment (CHHRA) utilizing regulatory-grade 1- and 8-hour ozone measurements from a DMNFR United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) monitoring station and weekly and short-term (15 second - 1 minute) VOC air quality monitoring (AQM) data collected between 2018-2023 from ten near-pad air monitoring sites, three community sites, and one background site. Acute and chronic non-cancer hazard indices (HIs) for multiple health endpoints, as well as cancer risks, were calculated during well drilling, well completions, and production activity periods and compared between sites. VOC concentrations were compared between operations that used a petroleum-based drilling fluid versus a synthetic drill fluid. Differences in weekly chemical concentrations between sites, UOG phases, and drill muds were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni adjustment.RESULTSAcute HIs of VOCs and ozone ranged from 1.34 x 10-4 to 31.33 at the 95th percentile concentrations at all sites. One of the three community monitoring sites, Anthem, exceeded EPA thresholds for respiratory, immunological, and developmental endpoints during production and for the immunological endpoint during well completions. At the near-pad sites, acute hazards exceeded EPA thresholds during well completions for immunological, respiratory, reproductive, developmental, and neurological endpoints. Neurological and immunological HIs were above thresholds for the drilling phase at near-pad sites. Chronic HIs ranged from 8.43 x 10-4 to 0.47 at 95th percentile concentrations and, therefore, were below the HI threshold for all near-pad and community sites for all health endpoints. Cancer risks ranging from 209 to 335 in a million at 95th percentile concentrations were above EPA's thresholds for all sites, including the background site which is more heavily influenced by Denver-metro traffic emissions.CONCLUSIONSOur results suggest that for communities located near UOG well pads in the DMNFR ozone NAA, acute health risks persist after the implementation of best management practices to reduce emissions. Greater protection to public health could be afforded by establishing policies that require drilling and well completions to be conducted outside of summer ozone season. Further research is needed to address potential health risks from the use of synthetic drilling fluid. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP16272.","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}