Environmental Health Perspectives最新文献

{"title":"Here's the Rub: Skin Care Products and Children's Phthalate Exposures.","authors":"Lindsay Key","doi":"10.1289/EHP16068","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP16068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Racial and ethnic differences in exposures to phthalates and their replacements through use of soaps, lotions, etc. appear to begin in childhood.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 12","pages":"124002"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11636779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Tailpipe's Tale: Traffic-Related Air Pollutants and Ovarian Cancer Risk.","authors":"Silke Schmidt","doi":"10.1289/EHP16350","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP16350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Higher <math><mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>NO</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></mrow></math> exposure was associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer. Results hinted that age at exposure might matter.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 12","pages":"124001"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11623385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Tailpipe-Related and Nontailpipe-Related Air Pollution Exposure with Cognitive Decline in the Chicago Health and Aging Project.","authors":"Ryan M Andrews, Sara D Adar, Adam A Szpiro, Joel D Kaufman, Cami N Christopher, Todd L Beck, Klodian Dhana, Robert S Wilson, Kumar B Rajan, Denis Evans, Jennifer Weuve","doi":"10.1289/EHP14585","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP14585","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Evidence suggests that long-term exposure to air pollution may increase the risk of dementia and related cognitive outcomes. A major source of air pollution is automotive traffic, which is modifiable by technological and regulatory interventions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;We examined associations of four traffic-related air pollutants with rates of cognitive decline in a cohort of older adults.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We analyzed data from the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP), a longitudinal (1993-2012) community-based cohort study of older adults that included repeated assessments of participants' cognitive performance. Leveraging previously developed air pollution models, we predicted participant-level exposures to the tailpipe pollutants oxides of nitrogen (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;NO&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;X&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) and nitrogen dioxide (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;NO&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;), plus the nontailpipe pollutants copper and zinc found in coarse particulate matter [PM with aerodynamic diameter &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; to &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;PM&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Cu&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) and &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;PM&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Zn&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, respectively], over the 3 y prior to each participant's baseline assessment. Using generalized estimating equations, we estimated covariate-adjusted associations of each pollutant with rates of cognitive decline. We probed the robustness of our results via several sensitivity analyses, including alterations to the length of the exposure assessment window and exploring the influence of pre- and post-baseline selection bias.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Using data from 6,061 participants, estimated associations of these pollutant exposures with cognitive decline were largely inconsistent with large adverse effects. For example, a standard deviation (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5.8&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mtext&gt; ppb&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) increment in &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;NO&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;X&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; corresponded to a slightly slower rate of cognitive decline [e.g., mean difference in change in global score, 0.010 standard unit/5 y, 95% confidence interval (CI): &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;-0&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;.016&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, 0.036]. The results of most of our sensitivity analyses were in generally similar to those of our main analyses, but our prebaseline selection bias results suggest that our analytic results may have been influenced by differential survivorship into our study sample.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discu","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 12","pages":"127002"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11623384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Benzene Exposure and Lung Cancer in Human Studies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Wenxin Wan, Susan Peters, Lützen Portengen, Ronnie Babigumira, Jo Steinson Stenehjem, David Richardson, Roel Vermeulen","doi":"10.1289/EHP15086","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP15086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Benzene is classified as carcinogenic to humans based on evidence that benzene causes acute myeloid leukemia. However, there is limited evidence that benzene causes lung cancer.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We performed a systematic review, quality assessment, and meta-analysis of published cohort and case-control studies on the association between occupational benzene exposure and lung cancer risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We reviewed the relevant human epidemiological studies from PubMed and Embase databases to 19 August 2024. Data extraction included study characteristics, effect estimates, and exposure assessment details. Two investigators independently evaluated study quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) framework and exposure assessment quality based on <i>a priori</i> criteria. Six risk of bias (ROB) domains were constructed from the NOS criteria to identify and quantify possible biases and their impacts on parameter estimates. Meta-analysis relative risk (pooled RR) and associated confidence intervals were calculated using random-effects models, and a flexible exposure-response meta-regression was fitted to assess the shape of the association. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the consistency of results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 252 articles identified, 13 studies covering 366,975 participants (17,030 lung cancer cases) were included in our analysis. The meta-analysis of ever occupational benzene exposure showed an elevated risk of lung cancer (pooled <math><mrow><mtext>RR</mtext><mo>=</mo><mn>1.14</mn></mrow></math>; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.27; <math><mrow><mi>I</mi><mo>²</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>72</mn></mrow></math>). Subgroup analyses revealed that larger pooled RRs in studies based on highly exposed groups had higher overall quality and better exposure assessments and included both males and females (as opposed to only males). A positive linear trend was observed in the exposure-response meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our meta-analysis supports an association between occupational benzene exposure and an increased risk of lung cancer. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15086.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 12","pages":"126001"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11616769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142779540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining Potential PFAS Contamination of Private Wells from a High School in Rural Maine.","authors":"Ludwin Moran Sosa, Ashley Taylor, Alexis C Garretson, Ann Backus, Katie Richards, Joel H Graber, Richard F Hilliard, Jane E Disney","doi":"10.1289/EHP14653","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP14653","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 12","pages":"127701"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11613431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Effectiveness of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Interventions: A Counterfactual Simulation Approach to Generalizing the Outcomes of Intervention Trials.","authors":"Andrew F Brouwer, Mondal H Zahid, Marisa C Eisenberg, Benjamin F Arnold, Sania Ashraf, Jade Benjamin-Chung, John M Colford, Ayse Ercumen, Stephen P Luby, Amy J Pickering, Mahbubur Rahman, Alicia N M Kraay, Joseph N S Eisenberg, Matthew C Freeman","doi":"10.1289/EHP15200","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP15200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions can reduce diarrheal disease, many large-scale trials have not found the expected health gains for young children in low-resource settings. Evidence-based guidance is needed to improve interventions and remove barriers to diarrheal disease reduction.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to estimate how sensitive WASH intervention effectiveness was to underlying contextual and intervention factors in the WASH Benefits (WASH-B) Bangladesh cluster-randomized controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The investigators measured diarrheal prevalence in children enrolled in the WASH-B trial at three time points approximately 1 year apart (<math><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>17,187</mn></mrow></math> observations). We developed a susceptible-infectious-susceptible model with transmission across multiple environmental pathways and evaluated each of four interventions [water (W), sanitation (S), hygiene (H), and nutrition (N) applied individually and in combination], compliance with interventions, and the impact of individuals not enrolled in the study. Leveraging a set of mechanistic parameter combinations fit to the WASH-B Bangladesh trial using a hybrid Bayesian sampling-importance resampling and maximum-likelihood estimation approach, we simulated trial outcomes under counterfactual scenarios to estimate how changes in six WASH factors (preexisting WASH conditions, disease transmission potential, intervention compliance, intervenable fraction of transmission, intervention efficacy, and community coverage) impacted intervention effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Increasing community coverage had the greatest impact on intervention effectiveness (e.g., median increases in effectiveness of 34.0 and 45.5 percentage points in the WSH and WSHN intervention arms when increasing coverage to 20%). The effect of community coverage on effectiveness depended on how much transmission was along pathways not modified by the interventions. Intervention effectiveness was reduced by lower levels of preexisting WASH conditions or increased baseline disease burden. Individual interventions had complementary but not synergistic effects when combined.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>To realize the expected health gains, future WASH interventions must address community coverage and transmission along pathways not traditionally covered by WASH. The effectiveness of individual-level WASH improvements is reduced more the further the community is from achieving the coverage needed for herd protection. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15200.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 12","pages":"127003"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11661469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142863713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Wide Reach: California's Prop 65 and Reduced Chemical Exposures Across the United States.","authors":"Wendee Nicole","doi":"10.1289/EHP16435","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP16435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Levels of certain chemicals listed under California's law have declined in biosamples from people across the nation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 12","pages":"124003"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11651356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: \"Impact of Skin Care Products on Phthalates and Phthalate Replacements in Children: The ECHO-FGS\".","authors":"Michael S Bloom, Juliana M Clark, John L Pearce, Pamela L Ferguson, Roger B Newman, James R Roberts, William A Grobman, Anthony C Sciscione, Daniel W Skupski, Kelly Garcia, John E Vena, Kelly J Hunt","doi":"10.1289/EHP16591","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP16591","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 11","pages":"119001"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11575697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142667612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TIDieR-WASH: A Guideline for Reporting Implementation of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Interventions.","authors":"Jonny Crocker, Emily Ogutu, Jedidiah S Snyder, Antoinette Kome, Ben Tidwell, Jan Willem Rosenboom, Jesse Shapiro, Jessy Samuyachi Mahongo, Kelly T Alexander, Michael E Gnilo, Om Prasad Gautam, Sara Hoffman, Sovattha Neou, Matthew C Freeman","doi":"10.1289/EHP14780","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP14780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Accurate information on context and implementation of public health interventions is necessary to replicate, adapt, and scale effective interventions and to interpret evaluations. Reporting the context and implementation of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions has been inconsistent and incomplete.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To improve the reporting of WASH interventions, we developed the Template for Intervention Description and Replication for WASH (TIDieR-WASH) checklist and guide, by adapting and expanding the original TIDieR guide. We performed a scoping review of existing implementation reporting guidelines, and of current implementation reporting in WASH evaluations, to develop a list of candidate items to include in this checklist. We then used a 4-stages of review by international experts to reach consensus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The resulting 14-item checklist comprises: <i>a</i>) name, <i>b</i>) theory of change, <i>c</i>) prior evidence, <i>d</i>) location and setting, <i>e</i>) context, <i>f</i>) suitability, <i>g</i>) implementers, <i>h</i>) recipients, <i>i</i>) targeting, <i>j</i>) activities, <i>k</i>) intervention dose, <i>l</i>) fidelity, <i>m</i>) costs, and <i>n</i>) materials. Definitions, explanations, examples, and instructions for use are reported in this article.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The checklist can be applied to all types of evaluations of WASH interventions, including direct service provision, behavior change, and systems strengthening interventions. We deliberately developed this guidance document to be accessible and relevant to practitioners and researchers. Adoption of this checklist will support transparent reporting of WASH implementation for research and practice. As with other sectors that have used TIDieR checklists, clear implementation reporting can assist with evidence synthesis, adaptation, and policy guidance. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14780.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 11","pages":"117006"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11604158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Diet-Related Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Mortality among Japanese Adults: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study.","authors":"Daiki Watanabe, Kotatsu Maruyama, Akiko Tamakoshi, Isao Muraki","doi":"10.1289/EHP14935","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP14935","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Planetary and human health are highly intertwined; our current food system is associated with high greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and burden of disease.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of diet-related GHGE with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Japan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This study included 58,031 Japanese adults (35,078 women and 22,953 men) 40-79 y of age who participated in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study during the period 1988-1990. Diet-related GHGE was calculated from dietary intake estimated by a validated food frequency questionnaire and previously developed GHGE tables of each food and beverage. Participants were classified into quintiles of diet-related GHGE per kg food/d. Hazard ratios (HRs) of all-cause and cause-specific mortality were calculated using the Cox proportional hazard and restricted cubic spline models.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The average diet-related GHGE was &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1,522&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt; &lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mi&gt;g&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;-&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;CO&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;-eq&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;kg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mtext&gt; food&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;. Over a period of 19.3 y (955,819 person-years) of median follow-up, 11,508 deaths were documented. After adjusting for lifestyle and medical history, in comparison with the fourth quintiles of diet-related GHGE, the first and fifth quintiles were associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality: multivariable HR of all-cause mortality was 1.11 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05, 1.18] and 1.09 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.17) for the lowest and highest GHGE, respectively; those of cardiovascular disease mortality were 1.23 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.38) and 1.22 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.37), respectively. The diet-related GHGE range with the lowest HR of all-cause mortality was &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1,400&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1,600&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt; &lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mi&gt;g&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;-&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;CO&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;eq&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;kg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; food/d (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; for nonlinearity &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.001&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;). Replacing one serving of red meat with one serving of pulses was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;HR&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.96&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;; 95% CI: 0.93, 0.99) and GHGE (mean change, &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;347&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt; &lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mi&gt;g&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;-&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;CO&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;-eq&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;kg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;; 95% CI: &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;353&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;342&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;Diet-related GHGE was associated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in a U-shaped fashion. This finding could be useful","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 11","pages":"117002"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11542713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}