Environmental Health Perspectives最新文献

{"title":"Phenotypic and Functional Outcomes in Macrophages Exposed to an Environmentally Relevant Mixture of Organophosphate Esters <i>in Vitro</i>.","authors":"Braeden H Giles, Nikola Kukolj, Koren K Mann, Bernard Robaire","doi":"10.1289/EHP13869","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP13869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are flame retardants and plasticizers used in consumer products. OPEs are found ubiquitously throughout the environment with high concentrations in indoor house dust. Exposure to individual OPEs is associated with immune dysfunction, particularly in macrophages. However, OPEs exist as complex mixtures and the effects of environmentally relevant mixtures on the immune system have not been investigated.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives of this study were to evaluate the toxicity of an environmentally relevant mixture of OPEs that models Canadian house dust on macrophages using phenotypic and functional assessments <i>in vitro</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>High-content live-cell fluorescent imaging for phenotypic biomarkers of toxicity in THP-1 macrophages treated with the OPE mixture was undertaken. We used confocal microscopy and cholesterol analysis to validate and expand on the observed OPE-induced lipid phenotype. Then, we used flow cytometry and live-cell imaging to conduct functional tests and uncover mechanisms of OPE-induced phagocytic suppression. Finally, we validated our THP-1 findings in human primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC) derived macrophages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exposure to non-cytotoxic dilutions of the OPE mixture resulted in higher oxidative stress and disrupted lysosome and lipid homeostasis in THP-1 and primary macrophages. We further observed that phagocytosis of apoptotic cells in THP-1 and primary macrophages was lower in OPE-exposed cells vs. controls. In THP-1 macrophages, phagocytosis of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was also lower in OPE-exposed cells vs. controls. Additionally, the OPE mixture altered the expression of phagocytic receptors linked to the recognition of phosphatidylserine and pathogen-associated molecular patterns.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The results of this <i>in vitro</i> study suggested that exposure to an environmentally relevant mixture of OPEs resulted in higher lipid retention in macrophages and poor efferocytic response. These effects could translate to enhanced foam cell generation resulting in higher cardiovascular mortality. Furthermore, bacterial phagocytosis was lower in OPE-exposed macrophages in an <i>in vitro</i> setting, which may indicate the potential for reduced bacterial clearance in models of infections. Taken together, our data provide strong evidence that mixtures of OPEs can influence the biology of macrophages and offer new mechanistic insights into the impact of OPE mixtures on the immune system. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13869.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 8","pages":"87002"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11309092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141901352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association between Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution and the Trajectory of Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors during Late Childhood and Early Adolescence: Evidence from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.","authors":"Harry R Smolker, Colleen E Reid, Naomi P Friedman, Marie T Banich","doi":"10.1289/EHP13427","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP13427","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Exposure to high levels of fine particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≤&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;PM&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) via air pollution may be a risk factor for psychiatric disorders during adulthood. Yet few studies have examined associations between exposure and the trajectory of symptoms across late childhood and early adolescence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The current study evaluated whether &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;PM&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; exposure at 9-11 y of age affects both concurrent symptoms as well as the longitudinal trajectory of internalizing and externalizing behaviors across the following 3 y. This issue was examined using multiple measures of exposure and separate measures of symptoms of internalizing disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety) and externalizing disorders (e.g., conduct disorder), respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In a sample of more than 10,000 youth from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, we used a dataset of historical &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;PM&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; levels and growth curve modeling to evaluate associations of &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;PM&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; exposure with internalizing and externalizing symptom trajectories, as assessed by the Child Behavioral Check List. Three distinct measures of &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;PM&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; exposure were investigated: annual average concentration during 2016, number of days in 2016 above the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) 24-h &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;PM&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; standards, and maximum 24-h concentration during 2016.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;At baseline, higher number of days with &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;PM&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; levels above US EPA standards was associated with higher parent-reported internalizing symptoms in the same year. This association remained significant up to a year following exposure and after controlling for &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;PM&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; annual average, maximum 24-h level, and informant psychopathology. There was also evidence of an association between &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;PM&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mat","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 8","pages":"87001"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11302585/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141897085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Residential Distance to Airport and Blood Lead Levels in Children under 6 Living in North Carolina, 1992-2015.","authors":"Abdul-Nasah Soale, Rashida Callender, Dennis Guignet, Ron Shadbegian, Marie Lynn Miranda","doi":"10.1289/EHP14362","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP14362","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 8","pages":"87701"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11315044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141909831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<ArticleTitle xmlns:ns0=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">Exposure of <ns0:math><ns0:mrow><ns0:mrow><ns0:msup><ns0:mrow><ns0:mrow><ns0:mi>L</ns0:mi><ns0:mi>d</ns0:mi><ns0:mi>l</ns0:mi><ns0:mi>r</ns0:mi></ns0:mrow></ns0:mrow><ns0:mrow><ns0:mrow><ns0:mo>-</ns0:mo><ns0:mo>/</ns0:mo><ns0:mo>-</ns0:mo></ns0:mrow></ns0:mrow></ns0:msup></ns0:mrow></ns0:mrow></ns0:math> Mice to a PFAS Mixture and Outcomes Related to Circulating Lipids, Bile Acid Excretion, and the Intestinal Transporter ASBT.","authors":"Katherine Roth, Zhao Yang, Manisha Agarwal, Johnna Birbeck, Judy Westrick, Todd Lydic, Katherine Gurdziel, Michael C Petriello","doi":"10.1289/EHP14339","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP14339","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Previous epidemiological studies have repeatedly found per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure associated with higher circulating cholesterol, one of the greatest risk factors for development of coronary artery disease. The main route of cholesterol catabolism is through its conversion to bile acids, which circulate between the liver and ileum via enterohepatic circulation. Patients with coronary artery disease have decreased bile acid excretion, indicating that PFAS-induced impacts on enterohepatic circulation may play a critical role in cardiovascular risk.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;Using a mouse model with high levels of low-density and very low-density lipoprotein (LDL and VLDL, respectively) cholesterol and aortic lesion development similar to humans, the present study investigated mechanisms linking exposure to a PFAS mixture with increased cholesterol.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Male and female &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;l&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; mice were fed an atherogenic diet (Clinton/Cybulsky low fat, 0.15% cholesterol) and exposed to a mixture of 5 PFAS representing legacy, replacement, and emerging subtypes (i.e., PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, PFNA, GenX), each at a concentration of &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;mg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, for 7 wk. Blood was collected longitudinally for cholesterol measurements, and mass spectrometry was used to measure circulating and fecal bile acids. Transcriptomic analysis of ileal samples was performed via RNA sequencing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;After 7 wk of PFAS exposure, average circulating PFAS levels were measured at 21.6, 20.1, 31.2, 23.5, and &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;g&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;mL&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; in PFAS-exposed females and 12.9, 9.7, 23, 14.3, and &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1.7&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;g&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;mL&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; in PFAS-exposed males for PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, PFNA, and GenX, respectively. Total circulating cholesterol levels were higher in PFAS-exposed mice after 7 wk (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;352&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;mg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;dL&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; vs. &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;415&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;mg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;dL&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; in female mice and &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;392&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;mg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;dL&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; vs. &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;488&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;mg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;dL&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; in male mice exposed to vehicle or PFAS, respectively). Total circulating bile acid levels were higher in PFAS-exposed mice (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2,978&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mtext&gt; pg&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; vs. &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;8,496&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mtext&gt; pg&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; in female mice and &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1,960&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mtext&gt; pg&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 8","pages":"87007"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11343043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142035502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A State-of-the-Science Review of the Effect of Damp- and Mold-Affected Housing on Mental Health.","authors":"Maria Rosa Gatto, Adelle Mansour, Ang Li, Rebecca Bentley","doi":"10.1289/EHP14341","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP14341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While it is well-established that exposure to dampness or mold in homes negatively affects physical health, the association with mental health remains less well evidenced. As plausible psychosocial and biological pathways exist between dampness and mold exposure and poor mental health, a review of evidence is required.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This State-of-the-Science review sought to assess what is known about the mental health effects of dampness or mold exposure and identify gaps in the literature and priorities for further research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search of electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, Global Health, Web of Science, and Scopus) was conducted to identify relevant studies published from 2003 to 2023. Eligible studies included observational study designs such as cohort and cross-sectional studies. Target studies for review assessed the effect of dampness and/or mold on mental health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 1,169 records retrieved, 19 studies met the inclusion criteria. The available evidence described positive associations between residential dampness/mold exposure and poor mental health. In adults, associations were observed for outcomes such as depression, stress, and anxiety, while for children, associations were observed for emotional symptoms and emotional dysregulation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Identified studies generally reported associations between exposure to dampness/mold in the home and poorer mental and emotional health. Given the methodological limitations present in the current evidence base, it is recommended that more research be conducted. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14341.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 8","pages":"86001"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11334706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142003951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on \"Evidence Synthesis of Observational Studies in Environmental Health: Lessons Learned from a Systematic Review on Traffic-Related Air Pollution\".","authors":"Kyla W Taylor, Kembra L Howdeshell, Anisha Singh, Vickie R Walker, Amy Wang, Abee E Boyles, Brandiese E J Beverly, Andrew A Rooney","doi":"10.1289/EHP15644","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP15644","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 8","pages":"88001"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11321289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Mixed Methods Approach to Understanding the Public Health Impact of a School-Based Citizen Science Program to Reduce Arsenic in Private Well Water.","authors":"Ashley Taylor, Alexis Garretson, Karen H Bieluch, Kate L Buckman, Hannah Lust, Cait Bailey, Anna E Farrell, Brian P Jackson, Rebecca Lincoln, Erin Arneson, Sarah R Hall, Bruce A Stanton, Jane E Disney","doi":"10.1289/EHP13421","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP13421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exposure to arsenic (As) in well water is a well-documented public health issue for Maine and New Hampshire, as well as for other states in the United States and abroad. Arsenic contamination of well water in these locations is primarily attributed to metasedimentary bedrock that leaches As into groundwater. However, As can also enter groundwater reserves from soils contaminated by the historical use of arsenical pesticides. Approximately half of the households in Maine and New Hampshire rely on private wells, many of which have elevated As. Arsenic exposure has been associated with an increased risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, reduced infection resistance, and lower intelligence quotient in children. Despite these known health impacts, well water testing and treatment are not universal.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We have approached the problem of low well water testing rates in Maine and New Hampshire communities by developing the All About Arsenic (AAA) project, which engages secondary school teachers and students as citizen scientists in collecting well water samples for analysis of As and other toxic metals and supports their outreach efforts to their communities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed this project's public health impact by analyzing student data relative to existing well water quality datasets in both states. In addition, we surveyed private well owners who contributed well water samples to the project to determine the actions taken to mitigate As in well water.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Students collected 3,070 drinking water samples for metals testing, and 752 exceeded New Hampshire's As standard of <math><mrow><mn>5</mn><mtext> ppb</mtext></mrow></math>. The AAA data has more than doubled the amount of information available to public health agencies about well water quality in multiple municipalities across both states. Students also collected information about well types and treatment systems. Their data reveal that some homeowners did not know what type of wells they had or whether they had filtration systems. Those with filtration systems were often unaware of the type of system, what the system was filtering for, or whether the system was designed to remove As. Through interviews with pilot survey participants, we learned that some had begun mitigating their exposure to As and other toxic metals in response to test results from the AAA project.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>A school-based approach to collecting and analyzing private well water samples can successfully reach communities with low testing rates for toxic elements, such as As and other metals. Importantly, information generated through the program can impact household decision-making, and students can influence local and state policymaking by sharing information in their communities. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13421.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 8","pages":"87006"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11338042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142016796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multigenerational Model of Environmental Risk for Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) Children and Families.","authors":"Janean E Dilworth-Bart, Thea Sankari, Colleen F Moore","doi":"10.1289/EHP13110","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP13110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In recent years, public discourse has increasingly brought institutional and structural racism to the foreground of discussion on the well-being of BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, and People of Color) communities. Environmental toxicity in combination with the social triggers of institutional and structural racism are among the factors that shape the short- and long-term health of BIPOC Americans across multiple lifespans.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We outline a <math><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></math> Generation Model for examining the mechanisms through which institutional and structural racism promotes the intergenerational transmission of environmental health risk and family and interpersonal relationships across the life course and across multiple generations. We present the model's theoretical underpinnings and rationale, discuss model limitations and needed sources of data, and implications for research, policy, and intervention.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Parents and children are not only biologically linked in terms of transmission of environmental toxicities, but they are also linked socially and intergenerationally. The <math><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></math> Generation Model foregrounds family and interpersonal relationships occurring within developmental contexts that are influenced by environmental toxicity as well as institutional and structural racism. In sum, the <math><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></math> Generation Model highlights the need for an equity-first interdisciplinary approach to environmental health and redirects the burden of risk reduction away from the individual and onto the institutions and structures that perpetuate the racial disparities in exposure. Doing so requires institutional investment in expanded, multigenerational, and multimethod datasets. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13110.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 8","pages":"85001"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11299772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141893160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"More than Mortality: Heat, Climate Change, and Injury-Related Hospitalization in China.","authors":"Silke Schmidt","doi":"10.1289/EHP15423","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP15423","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 8","pages":"84002"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11346613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142072268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invited Perspective: The Far Reach of PFAS-Inert Ingredients and Adjuvants in Pesticide Formulations.","authors":"Neha Sehgal, Dana Boyd Barr, Stephanie M Eick","doi":"10.1289/EHP15445","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP15445","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 7","pages":"71304"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11268132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141751384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}