Environmental Health Perspectives最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Skin Care Products on Phthalates and Phthalate Replacements in Children: the ECHO-FGS.","authors":"Michael S Bloom, Juliana M Clark, John L Pearce, Pamela L Ferguson, Roger B Newman, James R Roberts, William A Grobman, Anthony C Sciscione, Daniel W Skupski, Kelly Garcia, John E Vena, Kelly J Hunt","doi":"10.1289/EHP13937","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP13937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Phthalates and their replacements have been implicated as developmental toxicants. Young children may be exposed to phthalates/replacements when using skin care products (SCPs).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Our objective is to assess the associations between use of SCPs and children's urinary phthalate/replacement metabolite concentrations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children (4-8 years old) from the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes-Fetal Growth Study (ECHO-FGS) cohort provided spot urine samples from 2017 to 2019, and mothers were queried about children's SCP use in the past 24 h (<math><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>906</mn></mrow></math>). Concentrations of 16 urinary phthalate/replacement metabolites were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (<math><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>630</mn></mrow></math>). We used linear regression to estimate the child's use of different SCPs as individual predictors of urinary phthalate/replacement metabolites, adjusted for urinary specific gravity, age, sex assigned at birth, body mass index, and self-reported race/ethnic identity, as well as maternal education, and season of specimen collection. We created self-organizing maps (SOM) to group children into \"exposure profiles\" that reflect discovered patterns of use for multiple SCPs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children had lotions applied (43.0%) frequently, but \"2-in-1\" hair-care products (7.5%), sunscreens (5.9%), and oils (4.3%) infrequently. Use of lotions was associated with 1.17-fold [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00, 1.34] greater mono-benzyl phthalate and oils with 2.86-fold (95% CI: 1.89, 4.31) greater monoethyl phthalate (MEP), 1.43-fold (95% CI: 1.09, 1.90) greater monobutyl phthalate (MBP), and 1.40-fold (95% CI: 1.22, 1.61) greater low-molecular-weight phthalates (LMW). Use of 2-in-1 haircare products was associated with 0.84-fold (95% CI: 0.72, 0.97) and 0.78-fold (95% CI: 0.62, 0.98) lesser mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP) and MBP, respectively. Child's race/ethnic identity modified the associations of lotions with LMW, oils with MEP and LMW, sunscreen with MCPP, ointments with MEP, and hair conditioner with MCPP. SOM identified four distinct SCP-use exposure scenarios (i.e., profiles) within our population that predicted 1.09-fold (95% CI: 1.03, 1.15) greater mono-carboxy isononyl phthalate, 1.31-fold (95% CI: 0.98, 1.77) greater mono-2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl terephthalate, 1.13-fold (95% CI: 0.99, 1.29) greater monoethylhexyl phthalate, and 1.04-fold (95% CI: 1.00, 1.09) greater diethylhexyl phthalate.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>We found that reported SCP use was associated with urinary phthalate/replacement metabolites in young children. These results may inform policymakers, clinicians, and parents to help limit children's exposure to developmental toxicants. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13937.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 9","pages":"97001"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11373421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invited Perspective: Changing Places-How Moving Histories Can Help Map the Health Impacts of People's Environmental Exposures.","authors":"Meredith Pedde, Sara D Adar","doi":"10.1289/EHP16145","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP16145","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 9","pages":"91303"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11441637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142344005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epigenetic Biomarker: Improving Estimates of Fetal Exposure to Cigarette Smoke.","authors":"Silke Schmidt","doi":"10.1289/EHP15627","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP15627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The well-known cotinine test captures recent smoking, and survey responses are not always accurate. Now researchers propose a measure of DNA methylation in placental tissue that may be better than either.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 9","pages":"94002"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11421290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142307447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<ArticleTitle xmlns:ns0=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">Effects of Naphtho[2,1-<i>a</i>]pyrene Exposure on CYP1A1 Expression: An <i>in Vivo</i> and <i>in Vitro</i> Mechanistic Study Exploring the Role of <ns0:math><ns0:mrow><ns0:mrow><ns0:msup><ns0:mrow><ns0:mi>m</ns0:mi></ns0:mrow><ns0:mrow><ns0:mi>6</ns0:mi></ns0:mrow></ns0:msup></ns0:mrow><ns0:mi>A</ns0:mi></ns0:mrow></ns0:math> Posttranscriptional Modification.","authors":"Jiemiao Shen, Li Wang, Wen Zhang, Xing Gong, Sheng Li, Xuyan Zou, Chao Chen, Rong Xia, Di Zhang, Shuyu Xu, Jiayi Xu, Shaozhuo Wang, Yinyue Jiang, Hong Sun, Chao Wang, Shou-Lin Wang","doi":"10.1289/EHP14055","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP14055","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Currently, many emerging polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been found to be widely present in the environment. However, little has been reported about their toxicity, particularly in relation to CYP1A1.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to explore the toxicity of naphtho[2,1-&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;]pyrene (N21aP) and elucidate the mechanism underlying N21aP-induced expression of CYP1A1.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The concentration and sources of N21aP were detected and analyzed by gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and diagnostic ratio analysis. Then the effects of CYP1A1 on the toxicity of N21aP were conducted in male wild-type (WT) and &lt;i&gt;Cyp1a1&lt;/i&gt; knockout mice exposed to N21aP (0.02, 0.2, and &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;mg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;kg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) through intratracheal instillation. Further, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway was examined through luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;6&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;-methyladenosine (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;6&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) modification levels were measured on global RNA and specifically on &lt;i&gt;CYP1A1&lt;/i&gt; mRNA using dot blotting and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (MeRIP qRT-PCR), with validation by &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;6&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; inhibitors, DAA and SAH. &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;6&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; sites on &lt;i&gt;CYP1A1&lt;/i&gt; were identified by bioinformatics and luciferase assays, and &lt;i&gt;CYP1A1&lt;/i&gt; mRNA's interaction with IGF2BP3 was confirmed by RNA pull-down, luciferase, and RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;N21aP was of the same environmental origin as benzo[&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;]pyrene (BaP) but was more stably present in the environment. N21aP could be metabolically activated by CYP1A1 to produce epoxides, causing DNA damage and further leading to lung inflammation. Importantly, in addition to the classical AhR pathway (i.e., BaP), N21aP also induced CYP1A1 expression with a posttranscriptional modification of &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;6&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; in &lt;i&gt;CYP1A1&lt;/i&gt; mRNA via the METTL14-IGF2BP3-CYP1A1 axis. Specifically, in the two recognition sites of METTL14 on the &lt;i&gt;CYP1A1&lt;/i&gt; mRNA transcript (position at 2700 and 5218), a methylation site (position at 5218) in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) was recognized by IGF2BP3, enhanced the stability of &lt;i&gt;CYP1A1&lt;/i&gt; mRNA, and finally resulted in an increase in CYP1A1 expression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;This study systematically demonstrated that in addition to AhR-","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 8","pages":"87003"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11318572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Early Life Exposures to the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligand TCDF on Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolic Homeostasis in C57BL/6J Mice.","authors":"Yuan Tian, Bipin Rimal, Jordan E Bisanz, Wei Gui, Trenton M Wolfe, Imhoi Koo, Iain A Murray, Shaneice K Nettleford, Shigetoshi Yokoyama, Fangcong Dong, Sergei Koshkin, K Sandeep Prabhu, Peter J Turnbaugh, Seth T Walk, Gary H Perdew, Andrew D Patterson","doi":"10.1289/EHP13356","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP13356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and disruptions in the gastrointestinal microbiota have been positively correlated with a predisposition to factors such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes; however, it is unclear how the microbiome contributes to this relationship.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore the association between early life exposure to a potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonist and persistent disruptions in the microbiota, leading to impaired metabolic homeostasis later in life.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used metagenomics, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)- and mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics, and biochemical assays to analyze the gut microbiome composition and function, as well as the physiological and metabolic effects of early life exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) in conventional, germ-free (GF), and <i>Ahr</i>-null mice. The impact of TCDF on <i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> (<i>A. muciniphila</i>) <i>in vitro</i> was assessed using optical density (OD 600), flow cytometry, transcriptomics, and MS-based metabolomics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TCDF-exposed mice exhibited lower abundances of <i>A. muciniphila</i>, lower levels of cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and indole-3-lactic acid (ILA), as well as lower levels of the gut hormones glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), findings suggestive of disruption in the gut microbiome community structure and function. Importantly, microbial and metabolic phenotypes associated with early life POP exposure were transferable to GF recipients in the absence of POP carry-over. In addition, AHR-independent interactions between POPs and the microbiota were observed, and they were significantly associated with growth, physiology, gene expression, and metabolic activity outcomes of <i>A. muciniphila</i>, supporting suppressed activity along the ILA pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data obtained in a mouse model point to the complex effects of POPs on the host and microbiota, providing strong evidence that early life, short-term, and self-limiting POP exposure can adversely impact the microbiome, with effects persisting into later life with associated health implications. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13356.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 8","pages":"87005"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11323762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141975433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurotox Screen? Zebrafish Study Points to PFOS Early-Life Exposure Effects.","authors":"Nate Seltenrich","doi":"10.1289/EHP15467","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP15467","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 8","pages":"84001"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11343042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142035503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invited Perspective: Leveraging Research and Resources to Mitigate Health Impacts of Environmental Disasters-Insights from a South Korean Tire Factory Fire.","authors":"Richard K Kwok, Aubrey K Miller","doi":"10.1289/EHP15463","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP15463","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 8","pages":"81302"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11353204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142079769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the Potential of Clustering and Classification Approaches: Navigating Supervised and Unsupervised Chemical Similarity.","authors":"Kamel Mansouri, Kyla Taylor, Scott Auerbach, Stephen Ferguson, Rachel Frawley, Jui-Hua Hsieh, Gloria Jahnke, Nicole Kleinstreuer, Suril Mehta, José T Moreira-Filho, Fred Parham, Cynthia Rider, Andrew A Rooney, Amy Wang, Vicki Sutherland","doi":"10.1289/EHP14001","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP14001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The field of toxicology has witnessed substantial advancements in recent years, particularly with the adoption of new approach methodologies (NAMs) to understand and predict chemical toxicity. Class-based methods such as clustering and classification are key to NAMs development and application, aiding the understanding of hazard and risk concerns associated with groups of chemicals without additional laboratory work. Advances in computational chemistry, data generation and availability, and machine learning algorithms represent important opportunities for continued improvement of these techniques to optimize their utility for specific regulatory and research purposes. However, due to their intricacy, deep understanding and careful selection are imperative to align the adequate methods with their intended applications.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This commentary aims to deepen the understanding of class-based approaches by elucidating the pivotal role of chemical similarity (structural and biological) in clustering and classification approaches (CCAs). It addresses the dichotomy between general end point-agnostic similarity, often entailing unsupervised analysis, and end point-specific similarity necessitating supervised learning. The goal is to highlight the nuances of these approaches, their applications, and common misuses.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Understanding similarity is pivotal in toxicological research involving CCAs. The effectiveness of these approaches depends on the right definition and measure of similarity, which varies based on context and objectives of the study. This choice is influenced by how chemical structures are represented and the respective labels indicating biological activity, if applicable. The distinction between unsupervised clustering and supervised classification methods is vital, requiring the use of end point-agnostic vs. end point-specific similarity definition. Separate use or combination of these methods requires careful consideration to prevent bias and ensure relevance for the goal of the study. Unsupervised methods use end point-agnostic similarity measures to uncover general structural patterns and relationships, aiding hypothesis generation and facilitating exploration of datasets without the need for predefined labels or explicit guidance. Conversely, supervised techniques demand end point-specific similarity to group chemicals into predefined classes or to train classification models, allowing accurate predictions for new chemicals. Misuse can arise when unsupervised methods are applied to end point-specific contexts, like analog selection in read-across, leading to erroneous conclusions. This commentary provides insights into the significance of similarity and its role in supervised classification and unsupervised clustering approaches. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14001.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 8","pages":"85002"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11302584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141897086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dioxins vs. PFAS: Science and Policy Challenges.","authors":"Alex J George, Linda S Birnbaum","doi":"10.1289/EHP14449","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP14449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dioxin-like chemicals are a group of ubiquitous environmental toxicants that received intense attention in the last two decades of the 20th century. Through extensive mechanistic research and validation, the global community has agreed upon a regulatory strategy for these chemicals that centers on their common additive activation of a single receptor. Applying these regulations has led to decreased exposure in most populations studied. As dioxin-like chemicals moved out of the limelight, research and media attention has turned to other concerning contaminants, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). During the 20th century, PFAS were also being quietly emitted into the environment, but only in the last 20 years have we realized the serious threat they pose to health. There is active debate about how to appropriately classify and regulate the thousands of known PFAS and finding a solution for these \"forever chemicals\" is of the utmost urgency.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Here, we compare important features of dioxin-like chemicals and PFAS, including the history, mechanism of action, and effective upstream regulatory strategies, with the objective of gleaning insight from the past to improve strategies for addressing PFAS.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The differences between these two chemical classes means that regulatory strategies for dioxin-like chemicals will not be appropriate for PFAS. PFAS exert toxicity by both receptor-based and nonreceptor-based mechanisms, which complicates mixtures evaluation and stymies efforts to develop inexpensive assays that accurately capture toxicity. Furthermore, dioxin-like chemicals were unwanted byproducts, but PFAS are useful and valuable, which has led to intense resistance against efforts to restrict their production. Nonetheless, useful lessons can be drawn from dioxin-like chemicals and applied to PFAS, including eliminating nonessential production of new PFAS and proactive investment in environmental remediation to address their extraordinarily long environmental persistence. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14449.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 8","pages":"85003"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11318569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Phenols, Parabens, and Their Mixture with Maternal Blood Pressure Measurements in the PROTECT Cohort.","authors":"Julia R Varshavsky, John D Meeker, Emily Zimmerman, Megan L Woodbury, Max T Aung, Zaira Y Rosario-Pabon, Amber L Cathey, Carmen M Vélez-Vega, José Cordero, Akram Alshawabkeh, Stephanie M Eick","doi":"10.1289/EHP14008","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP14008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Phenols and parabens are two classes of high production volume chemicals that are used widely in consumer and personal care products and have been associated with reproductive harm and pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes. However, studies examining their influence on maternal blood pressure and gestational hypertension are limited.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We investigated associations between individual phenols, parabens, and their mixture on maternal blood pressure measurements, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and hypertension during pregnancy (defined as stage 1 or 2 hypertension), among <math><mrow><mi>N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1,433</mn></mrow></math> Puerto Rico PROTECT study participants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined these relationships cross-sectionally at two time points during pregnancy (16-20 and 24-28 wks gestation) and longitudinally using linear mixed models (LMMs). Finally, we used quantile g-computation to examine the mixture effect on continuous (SBP, DBP) and binary (hypertension during pregnancy) blood pressure outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed a trend of higher odds of hypertension during pregnancy with exposure to multiple analytes and the overall mixture [including bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), triclocarbon (TCC), triclosan (TCS), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP), methyl paraben (M-PB), propyl paraben (P-PB), butyl paraben (B-PB), and ethyl paraben (E-PB)], especially at 24-28 wk gestation, with an adjusted mixture <math><mrow><mtext>odds ratio</mtext><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mtext>OR</mtext></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow><mo>=</mo><mn>1.57</mn></mrow></math> (95% CI: 1.03, 2.38). Lower SBP and higher DBP were also associated with individual analytes, with results from LMMs most consistent for methyl paraben (M-PB) or propyl paraben (P-PB) and increased DBP across pregnancy [adjusted M-PB <math><mrow><mi>β</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.78</mn></mrow></math> (95% CI: 0.17, 1.38) and adjusted P-PB <math><mrow><mi>β</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.85</mn></mrow></math> (95% CI: 0.19, 1.51)] and for BPA, which was associated with decreased SBP (adjusted <math><mrow><mi>β</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>0.57</mn></mrow></math>; 95% CI: <math><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1.09</mn></mrow></math>, <math><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>0.05</mn></mrow></math>). Consistent with other literature, we also found evidence of effect modification by fetal sex, with a strong inverse association observed between the overall exposure mixture and SBP at visit 1 among participants carrying female fetuses only.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that phenol and paraben exposure may collectively increase the risk of stage 1 or 2 hypertension during pregnancy, which has important implications for fetal and maternal health. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14008.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 8","pages":"87004"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11323763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141975432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}