Engineering最新文献

{"title":"A High-Resolution Measurement Method for Inner and Outer 3D Surface Profiles of Laser Fusion Targets Using a Laser Differential Confocal–Atomic Force Probe Technique","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.05.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.05.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high-resolution and nondestructive co-reference measurement of the inner and outer three-dimensional (3D) surface profiles of laser fusion targets is difficult to achieve. In this study, we propose a laser differential confocal (LDC)–atomic force probe (AFP) method to measure the inner and outer 3D surface profiles of laser fusion targets at a high resolution. This method utilizes the LDC method to detect the deflection of the AFP and exploits the high spatial resolution of the AFP to enhance the spatial resolution of the outer profile measurement. Nondestructive and co-reference measurements of the inner profile of a target were achieved using the tomographic characteristics of the LDC method. Furthermore, by combining multiple repositionings of the target using a horizontal slewing shaft, the inner and outer 3D surface profiles of the target were obtained, along with a power spectrum assessment of the entire surface. The experimental results revealed that the respective axial and lateral resolutions of the outer profile measurement were 0.5 and 1.3 nm, while the respective axial and lateral resolutions of the inner profile measurement were 2.0 nm and approximately 400.0 nm. The repeatabilities of the root-mean-square deviation measurements for the outer and inner profiles of the target were 2.6 and 2.4 nm, respectively. We believe our study provides a promising method for the high-resolution and nondestructive co-reference measurement of the inner and outer 3D profiles of laser fusion targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 51-60"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141412244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Intelligent Quality Control Method for Manufacturing Processes Based on a Human–Cyber–Physical Knowledge Graph","authors":"Shilong Wang ,&nbsp;Jinhan Yang ,&nbsp;Bo Yang ,&nbsp;Dong Li ,&nbsp;Ling Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.03.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.03.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quality management is a constant and significant concern in enterprises. Effective determination of correct solutions for comprehensive problems helps avoid increased backtesting costs. This study proposes an intelligent quality control method for manufacturing processes based on a human–cyber–physical (HCP) knowledge graph, which is a systematic method that encompasses the following elements: data management and classification based on HCP ternary data, HCP ontology construction, knowledge extraction for constructing an HCP knowledge graph, and comprehensive application of quality control based on HCP knowledge. The proposed method implements case retrieval, automatic analysis, and assisted decision making based on an HCP knowledge graph, enabling quality monitoring, inspection, diagnosis, and maintenance strategies for quality control. In practical applications, the proposed modular and hierarchical HCP ontology exhibits significant superiority in terms of shareability and reusability of the acquired knowledge. Moreover, the HCP knowledge graph deeply integrates the provided HCP data and effectively supports comprehensive decision making. The proposed method was implemented in cases involving an automotive production line and a gear manufacturing process, and the effectiveness of the method was verified by the application system deployed. Furthermore, the proposed method can be extended to other manufacturing process quality control tasks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 242-260"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141699654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Droplet-Based Microfluidics with Mass Spectrometry for Microproteomics","authors":"Hang Li, Yudan Ma, Rongxin Fu, Jiaxi Peng, Yanbing Zhai, Jinhua Li, Wei Xu, Siyi Hu, Hanbin Ma, Aaron R. Wheeler, Shuailong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.018","url":null,"abstract":"Microproteomics, the profiling of protein expressions in small cell populations or individual cells, is essential for understanding complex biological systems. However, sample loss and insufficient sensitivity of analytical techniques pose severe challenges to this field. Microfluidics, particularly droplet-based microfluidics, provides an ideal approach by enabling miniaturized and integrated workflows to process samples and offers several advantages, including reduced sample loss, low reagent consumption, faster reaction times, and improved throughput. Droplet-based microfluidics manipulates droplets of fluids to function as discrete reaction units, enabling complex chemical reactions and biological workflows in a miniaturized setting. This article discusses a variety of on-chip functions of droplet-based microfluidics, including cell sorting, cell culture, and sample processing. We then highlight recent advances in the mass spectrometry (MS)-based analysis of single cells using droplet-based microfluidic platforms, including digital microfluidics (DMF). Finally, we review the integrated DMF–MS systems that enable automated and parallel proteomic profiling of single cells with high sensitivity and discuss the applications of the technology and its future perspectives.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Long-Term Functional Outcomes of Ischemic Stroke in the Reperfusion Era","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 15-18"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809924002339/pdfft?md5=687d921eaa7808771007edcc0cfae1d4&pid=1-s2.0-S2095809924002339-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140760915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypergraph Computation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.04.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.04.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Practical real-world scenarios such as the Internet, social networks, and biological networks present the challenges of data scarcity and complex correlations, which limit the applications of artificial intelligence. The graph structure is a typical tool used to formulate such correlations, it is incapable of modeling high-order correlations among different objects in systems; thus, the graph structure cannot fully convey the intricate correlations among objects. Confronted with the aforementioned two challenges, hypergraph computation models high-order correlations among data, knowledge, and rules through hyperedges and leverages these high-order correlations to enhance the data. Additionally, hypergraph computation achieves collaborative computation using data and high-order correlations, thereby offering greater modeling flexibility. In particular, we introduce three types of hypergraph computation methods: ① hypergraph structure modeling, ② hypergraph semantic computing, and ③ efficient hypergraph computing. We then specify how to adopt hypergraph computation in practice by focusing on specific tasks such as three-dimensional (3D) object recognition, revealing that hypergraph computation can reduce the data requirement by 80% while achieving comparable performance or improve the performance by 52% given the same data, compared with a traditional data-based method. A comprehensive overview of the applications of hypergraph computation in diverse domains, such as intelligent medicine and computer vision, is also provided. Finally, we introduce an open-source deep learning library, DeepHypergraph (DHG), which can serve as a tool for the practical usage of hypergraph computation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 188-201"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809924002510/pdfft?md5=38bb62899a6441031148986007d253e8&pid=1-s2.0-S2095809924002510-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141056934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomimetic Erythrocyte-Like Particles from Microfluidic Electrospray for Tissue Engineering","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.08.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.08.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microparticles have demonstrated value for regenerative medicine. Attempts in this field tend to focus on the development of intelligent multifunctional microparticles for tissue regeneration. Here, inspired by erythrocytes-associated self-repairing process in damaged tissue, we present novel biomimetic erythrocyte-like microparticles (ELMPs). These ELMPs, which are composed of extracellular matrix-like hybrid hydrogels and the functional additives of black phosphorus, hemoglobin, and growth factors (GFs), are generated by using a microfluidic electrospray. As the resultant ELMPs have the capacity for oxygen delivery and near-infrared-responsive release of both GFs and oxygen, they would have excellent biocompatibility and multifunctional performance when serving as microscaffolds for cell adhesion, stimulating angiogenesis, and adjusting the release profile of cargoes. Based on these features, we demonstrate that the ELMPs can stably overlap to fill a wound and realize controllable cargo release to achieve the desired curative effect of tissue regeneration. Thus, we consider our biomimetic ELMPs with discoid morphology and cargo-delivery capacity to be ideal for tissue engineering.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 78-86"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809924001474/pdfft?md5=0d6c85babd7e89d678b5e9d3625f1ebc&pid=1-s2.0-S2095809924001474-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140402261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic Interactions with Strain Gradient in Ultrathin Pr0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Films","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.04.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.04.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Strain gradient is a normal phenomenon around a heterostructural interface in ultrathin film, and it is important to determine its effect on magnetic interactions to understand interfacial coupling. In this work, ultrathin Pr_0.67Sr_0.33MnO₃ (PSMO) films on different substrates are studied. For PSMO film under different in-plane strain conditions, the saturated magnetization and Curie temperature can be qualitatively explained by double-exchange interaction and the Jahn–Teller distortion. However, the difference in the saturated magnetization with zero field cooling and 5 T field cooling is proportional to the strain gradient. Strain-gradient-induced structural disorder is proposed to enhance phonon–electron antiferromagnetic interactions and the corresponding antiferromagnetic-to-ferromagnetic phase transition via a strong magnetic field during the field cooling process. A non-monotonous structural transition of the MnO₆ octahedral rotation can enlarge the strain gradient in PSMO film on a SrTiO₃ substrate. This work demonstrates the existence of the flexomagnetic effect in ultrathin manganite film, which should be applicable to other complex oxide systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 158-165"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809924002480/pdfft?md5=a896f0c089757386fede70bef9837437&pid=1-s2.0-S2095809924002480-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141025691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Ice Pigging in a Drinking Water Distribution System: Impacts on Pipes and Bulk Water Quality","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.09.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.09.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ice pigging is an emerging technique for pipe cleaning in drinking water distribution systems. However, substantial confusion and controversy exist on the potential impacts of ice pigging on bulk water quality. This study monitored the microstructural features and composition of sediments and microbial community structures in bulk water in eight multimaterial Chinese networks. Chloride concentration analysis demonstrated that separate cleaning of pipes with different materials in complex networks could mitigate the risk of losing ice pigs and degrading water quality. The microstructural and trace element characterization results showed that ice pigs would scarcely disturb the inner surfaces of long-used pipes. The bacterial richness and diversity of bulk water decreased significantly after ice pigging. Furthermore, correlations were established between pipe service age, temperature, and chloride and total iron concentrations, and the 15 most abundant taxa in bulk water, which could be used to guide practical ice pigging operations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 122-130"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S209580992300454X/pdfft?md5=ad2b9782025103f0807ed0c29be2f2ba&pid=1-s2.0-S209580992300454X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72365818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Integrated Analysis on the Synergistic Reduction of Carbon and Pollution Emissions from China’s Iron and Steel Industry","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.09.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.09.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Decarbonization and decontamination of the iron and steel industry (ISI), which contributes up to 15% to anthropogenic CO₂ emissions (or carbon emissions) and significant proportions of air and water pollutant emissions in China, are challenged by the huge demand for steel. Carbon and pollutants often share common emission sources, indicating that emission reduction could be achieved synergistically. Here, we explored the inherent potential of measures to adjust feedstock composition and technological structure and to control the size of the ISI to achieve carbon emission reduction (CER) and pollution emission reduction (PER). We investigated five typical pollutants in this study, namely, petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants and chemical oxygen demand in wastewater, particulate matter, SO₂, and NO<em>_x</em> in off gases, and examined synergies between CER and PER by employing cross elasticity for the period between 2022 and 2035. The results suggest that a reduction of 8.7%–11.7% in carbon emissions and 20%–31% in pollution emissions (except for particulate matter emissions) could be achieved by 2025 under a high steel scrap ratio (SSR) scenario. Here, the SSR and electric arc furnace (EAF) ratio serve critical roles in enhancing synergies between CER and PER (which vary with the type of pollutant). However, subject to a limited volume of steel scrap, a focused increase in the EAF ratio with neglection of the available supply of steel scrap to EAF facilities would lead to an increase carbon and pollution emissions. Although CER can be achieved through SSR and EAF ratio optimization, only when the crude steel production growth rate remains below 2.2% can these optimization measures maintain the emissions in 2030 at a similar level to that in 2021. Therefore, the synergistic effects between PER and CER should be considered when formulating a development route for the ISI in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 111-121"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809923004617/pdfft?md5=280f3a4496006be0fd702b0150b7c068&pid=1-s2.0-S2095809923004617-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138297491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining Polarization-Division Multiplexing and Ferromagnetic Nonreciprocity to Achieve In-Band Ultra-High Isolation for Full-Duplex Wireless Systems","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The in-band full-duplex (IBFD) wireless system is a promising candidate for 6G and beyond, as it can double data throughput and enormously lower transmission latency by supporting simultaneous in-band transmission and reception of signals. Enabling IBFD systems requires a substantial mitigation of a transmitter (Tx)’s strong self-interference (SI) signal into the receiver (Rx) channel. However, current state-of-the-art approaches to tackle this challenge are inefficient in terms of performance, cost, and complexity, hindering the commercialization of IBFD techniques. In this work, we devise and demonstrate an innovative approach to realize IBFD systems that exhibit superior performance with a low-cost and less-complex architecture in an all-passive module. Our scheme is based on meticulously combining polarization-division multiplexing (PDM) with ferromagnetic nonreciprocity to achieve ultra-high isolation between Tx and Rx channels. Such an unprecedented conception has become feasible thanks to a concurrent dual-mode circulator—a new component introduced for the first time—as a key feature of our module, and a dual-mode waveguide that transforms two orthogonally polarized waves into two orthogonal waveguide modes. In addition, we propose a unique passive tunable secondary SI cancellation (SIC) mechanism, which is embedded within the proposed module and boosts the isolation over a relatively broad bandwidth. We report, solely in the analog domain, experimental isolation levels of 50, 70, and 80 dB over 340, 101, and 33 MHz bandwidth at the center frequency of interest, respectively, with excellent tuning capability. Furthermore, the module is tested in two real IBFD scenarios to assess its performance in connection with Tx-to-Rx leakage and modulation error in the presence of a Tx’s strong interference signal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 179-187"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809924001310/pdfft?md5=43d6c70fdb04348c3c709d1b0f8a7aa5&pid=1-s2.0-S2095809924001310-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140173373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}