Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Non-traditional and Natural Pozzolans as Precursors for Sustainable Alkali-Activated Binders: Reactivity, Phase Assemblage, and Composition Analysis","authors":"Roshan Muththa Arachchige, Shubham Mishra, Jan Olek, Farshad Rajabipour, Sulapha Peethamparan","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates four groups of non-traditional aluminosilicate industrial coal byproducts and natural pozzolans—ground bottom ashes (GBAs), low-purity calcined clays (CCs), volcanic ashes (VAs), and fluidized bed combustion ashes (FBCAs)—as potential precursors for alkali-activated binders. Each group was activated using a mixture of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide solution under optimized solution parameters. Their reaction behavior, pore solution changes, phase assemblage, and composition were analyzed using various material characterization tools. Results indicate that the reaction rate and total heat are similar to those of conventional fly ash precursors, with total heat release 38%–82% lower than that of Portland cement. Pore solution analyses reveal the formation of typical alkali-activated gel phases, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) revealed calcium sodium aluminosilicate hydrates with aluminum/silicon (Al/Si) ranging 0.07–0.36. A novel reactivity index was proposed using Al-NMR. CCs and GBAs exhibited superior performance compared to other two materials used.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143946182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Development of Artificial Intelligence: Toward Consistency in the Logical Structures of Datasets, AI Models, Model Building, and Hardware?","authors":"Li Guo, Jinghai Li","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.05.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to explore potential directions for the development of artificial intelligence (AI). It points out that, while current AI can handle the statistical properties of complex systems, it has difficulty effectively processing and fully representing their spatiotemporal complexity patterns. The article also discusses a potential path of AI development in the engineering domain. Based on the existing understanding of the principles of multilevel complexity, this article suggests that consistency among the logical structures of datasets, AI models, model-building software, and hardware will be an important AI development direction and is worthy of careful consideration.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143946183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Deep Sea No. 1 Semi-Submersible Energy Station","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143940292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Techno–Economic and Environmental Impact Assessment of Membrane Bioreactors for Wastewater Treatment: A Review","authors":"Tingwei Gao, Yana Jin, Kang Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the advantages of high effluent quality and small footprint, membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology faces challenges in sustainable development due to energy consumption and membrane fouling. Weighing the advantages and disadvantages of MBRs requires a comprehensive assessment from techno–economic–environmental perspectives. In this paper, we reviewed the related research on MBRs from three aspects: economic cost analysis, environmental impact assessment, and comprehensive techno–economic–environmental assessment. The aim of this paper is to understand the sustainable development performance of MBRs, and to review the current status of the application of multiple techno–economic–environmental assessment methods in the field of wastewater treatment. The currently available results of the economic cost analysis of MBRs showed that the operating cost and energy consumption of MBRs are higher than those of other wastewater treatment processes if MBRs’ potential benefit of smaller footprint is not taken into account. The results of the environmental impact assessment showed that MBRs have a positive environmental impact due to high quality effluent, although global warming potential limits the sustainability of MBRs to some extent. Combined techno–economic–environmental assessment showed that MBRs are economically feasible and technically efficient, while their sustainability is controversial. Given the rapid development of MBR technology, these results may evolve as new advancements are made. In addition, there is room for improvement in the existing literature regarding the reliability and comparability of results, as well as the applicability of the methods, particularly in defining the accounting scope, clarifying model assumptions, and considering discounting.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143940293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design Principles and Emerging Applications of Starch-Involved Superwettable Systems","authors":"Fan Wang, Rongrong Ma, Jingling Zhu, Wei Ma, Jun Li, Yaoqi Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.04.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.04.022","url":null,"abstract":"Inspired by the remarkable surface wetting behavior of natural organisms, artificially designed superwettable systems have attracted significant attention from multidisciplinary scientists over the past two decades. Starch is an eco-friendly, nontoxic, and low-cost natural polymer that serves as an alternative to nonbiodegradable and/or bioincompatible synthetic polymers in these systems. This review explores the unique contributions of starch to superwettable systems from design principles to emerging applications. First, the fundamental theories and design principles underlying starch-involved superwettable systems are introduced. The specific design principles of these systems are comprehensively discussed from the aspects of intrinsic properties (e.g., hydrophilicity, film-forming properties, adhesiveness, and thermal decomposition), dimensionality (e.g., colloidal systems, zero-dimensional (0D) granules/particles, one-dimensional (1D) fibers, two-dimensional (2D) films/fibrous membranes/coatings, and three-dimensional (3D) fillers/porous materials/food textures), and biotransformation. It also provides an overview of their applications in functional biomaterials, oral delivery systems, emulsion polymerization, packaging technology, food taste modulation, and water treatment, with particular emphasis on intelligent systems. Each section summarizes recent advancements, highlighting the chemical and structural features. Finally, the review considers prospects for these superwettable systems, focusing on underutilized starch attributes and technical challenges.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143901440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-Time Programmable Nonlinear Wavefront Shaping with Si Metasurface Driven by Genetic Algorithm","authors":"Ze Zheng, Gabriel Sanderson, Soheil Sotoodeh, Chris Clifton, Cuifeng Ying, Mohsen Rahmani, Lei Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.04.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.04.023","url":null,"abstract":"Nonlinear wavefront shaping is crucial for advancing optical technologies, enabling applications in optical computation, information processing, and imaging. However, a significant challenge is that once a metasurface is fabricated, the nonlinear wavefront it generates is fixed, offering little flexibility. This limitation often necessitates the fabrication of different metasurfaces for different wavefronts, which is both time-consuming and inefficient. To address this, we combine evolutionary algorithms with spatial light modulators (SLMs) to dynamically control wavefronts using a single metasurface, reducing the need for multiple fabrications and enabling the generation of arbitrary nonlinear wavefront patterns without requiring complicated optical alignment. We demonstrate this approach by introducing a genetic algorithm (GA) to manipulate visible wavefronts converted from near-infrared light via third-harmonic generation (THG) in a silicon metasurface. The Si metasurface supports multipolar Mie resonances that strongly enhance light-matter interactions, thereby significantly boosting THG emission at resonant positions. Additionally, the cubic relationship between THG emission and the infrared input reduces noise in the diffractive patterns produced by the SLM. This allows for precise experimental engineering of the nonlinear emission patterns with fewer alignment constraints. Our approach paves the way for self-optimized nonlinear wavefront shaping, advancing optical computation and information processing techniques.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143901441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microassembly: A Review on Fundamentals, Applications and Recent Developments","authors":"Yujian An ,&nbsp;Bingze He ,&nbsp;Zhuochen Ma ,&nbsp;Yao Guo ,&nbsp;Guang-Zhong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.09.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.09.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microassembly platforms have attracted significant attention recently because of their potential for developing microsystems and devices for a wide range of applications. Despite their considerable potential, existing techniques are mainly used in laboratory research settings. This review provides an overview of the fundamentals, techniques, and applications of microassemblies. Manipulation techniques based on magnetic, optical, acoustic fields, and mechanical systems are discussed, and control systems that rely on machine vision and force feedback are introduced. Additionally, recent applications of microassemblies in microstructure fabrication, microelectromechanical operation, and biomedical engineering are examined. This review also highlights unmet technical demands and emerging trends, as well as new research opportunities in this expanding field of research driven by allied technologies such as microrobotics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 323-346"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CO2 Mineralized Full Solid Waste Cementitious Material for Coal Mine Goaf Filling and Carbon Sequestration Potential Assessment","authors":"Bo Wang ,&nbsp;Huaigang Cheng ,&nbsp;Xiong Liu ,&nbsp;Zichen Di ,&nbsp;Huiping Song ,&nbsp;Dongke Zhang ,&nbsp;Fangqin Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.02.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.02.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coal is an essential component of global energy; however, the processes of coal mining and utilization produce significant amounts of coal mine goafs, accompanied by coal-based solid wastes and emitted CO₂, resulting in severe ecological and environmental challenges. In response to this issue, this study proposes a novel approach for filling coal mine goafs using cementitious materials prepared by coal-based solid wastes mineralized with CO₂ (15% in concentration). The CO₂ sequestration capacities of individual solid wastes are ranked as follows: carbide slag (CS) &gt; red mud (RM) &gt; fly ash (FA). The performance of filling material prepared from composite solid waste (FA–CS–RM) mineralized with CO₂ meets the filling requirements of goaf. The filling material (F60C20R20) obtained by CO₂ mineralization was 14.9 MPa in maximum compressive strength, increasing by 32.2% compared to the non-mineralized material. The prepared filling material exhibits excellent CO₂ sequestration capacity (i.e., 14.4 kg·t⁻¹ in maximum amount of CO₂ sequestration). According to the analysis of carbon sequestration potential, in China, the annual production of FA, CS, and RM is approximately 899, 30, and 107 Mt, respectively in the year of 2023. The utilization of FA, CS, and RM individually can achieve carbon emission reductions of 3.42, 10.78, and 0.61 Mt, respectively. The composite solid waste (FA–CS–RM) mineralized with CO₂ can achieve 1.23 Mt in carbon emissions reduction. Additionally, taking Yellow River Basin of China as a case study, the total volume of underground space in coal mine goafs from 2016 to 2030 is estimated at 8.16 Gm³, indicating that this technology can sequester 0.18 Gt of CO₂. This approach offers a promising solution for large-scale flue gas CO₂ sequestration, recycling coal-based solid wastes, and remediating coal mine goafs, contributing to green utilization of coal and the emission reduction of carbon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 70-80"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a Predictive Platform for Salmonella Antimicrobial Resistance Based on a Large Language Model and Quantum Computing","authors":"Yujie You ,&nbsp;Kan Tan ,&nbsp;Zekun Jiang ,&nbsp;Le Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.01.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a common foodborne pathogen, <em>Salmonella</em> poses risks to public health safety, common given the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant strains. However, there is currently a lack of systematic platforms based on large language models (LLMs) for <em>Salmonella</em> resistance prediction, data presentation, and data sharing. To overcome this issue, we firstly propose a two-step feature-selection process based on the chi-square test and conditional mutual information maximization to find the key <em>Salmonella</em> resistance genes in a pan-genomics analysis and develop an LLM-based <em>Salmonella</em> antimicrobial-resistance predictive (SARPLLM) algorithm to achieve accurate antimicrobial-resistance prediction, based on Qwen2 LLM and low-rank adaptation. Secondly, we optimize the time complexity to compute the sample distance from the linear to logarithmic level by constructing a quantum data augmentation algorithm denoted as QSMOTEN. Thirdly, we build up a user-friendly <em>Salmonella</em> antimicrobial-resistance predictive online platform based on knowledge graphs, which not only facilitates online resistance prediction for users but also visualizes the pan-genomics analysis results of the <em>Salmonella</em> datasets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 174-184"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remarkable Enhancement of the Activity and Hydrothermal Stability of a CeO2-Based NH3-SCR Catalyst by Sn Modification","authors":"Ying Zhu ,&nbsp;Jingjing Liu ,&nbsp;Guangzhi He ,&nbsp;Shaohua Xie ,&nbsp;Wenpo Shan ,&nbsp;Zhihua Lian ,&nbsp;Fudong Liu ,&nbsp;Hong He","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.02.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Catalytic activity and hydrothermal stability are both crucial for the application of the selective catalytic reduction of NO<em>_x</em> with NH₃ (NH₃-SCR) catalyst in diesel vehicles. In this study, a tin (Sn)-modified Ce–Nb mixed-oxide catalyst was synthesized as an NH₃-SCR catalyst for NO<em>_x</em> emission control. After the introduction of Sn, both the NH₃-SCR activity and the hydrothermal stability of the catalyst were remarkably promoted. Even after hydrothermal aging at 1000 °C, the developed Ce₁Sn₂Nb₁O<em>_x</em> catalyst achieved more than 90% NO<em>_x</em> conversion at 325–500 °C. Various methods, including N₂-physisorption, X-ray diffraction, <em>in-situ</em> high-temperature X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy, temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen, temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia, and density functional theory calculations were used to investigate the promotional effects induced by the Sn species. The characterization results showed that the addition of Sn not only promoted the formation of the Ce–Nb active phase but also improved its thermal stability, contributing to the excellent NH₃-SCR performance and hydrothermal stability. This study provides an excellent sintering-resistance catalyst for the application of diesel engine NO<em>_x</em> emission control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 141-150"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}