Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Theory and Key Technologies in Space Internet Networking","authors":"Jiangzhou Wang, Jiandong Li, Di Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.017","url":null,"abstract":"<span><figure><span><img alt=\"\" height=\"175\" src=\"https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S209580992500582X-fx1.jpg\"/><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (112KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Insights into Thermodiffusive Instabilities in Lean Hydrogen Combustion","authors":"Tao Li, Benjamin Böhm, Andreas Dreizler","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.016","url":null,"abstract":"As a carbon-free carrier for renewable energies, hydrogen has the potential to contribute to the success of the energy transition. In addition to electrochemical applications, thermochemical applications will continue to play an important role in high-performance energy conversion such as advanced low-emission combustion systems. However, the combustion of hydrogen poses challenges due to its special thermophysical and reaction kinetic properties. Lean combustion is required to minimize primary nitrogen oxide (NO<em>_x</em>) formation. This can lead to thermodiffusive instabilities that affect the internal structures of the reaction zone, the fuel consumption rate, the local equivalence ratios, and the local gas temperatures, thereby affecting primary NO<em>_x</em> formation. The thermodiffusive instabilities have long been known and have been extensively described, primarily through theoretical studies and numerical simulations for simple combustion systems. However, their interaction with turbulence in practical combustion environments remains relatively unexplored, particularly in the context of complex, real-world technical applications. There are few experimental data quantifying the influence of thermodiffusive instabilities on the internal flame structure with respect to the turbulence level. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize recent experiments to quantitatively describe the interaction between thermodiffusive instabilities and turbulence. Combustion systems of increasing complexity are considered using laser-optical measurement techniques for elucidating local flame properties. While Raman/Rayleigh spectroscopy could be used to quantitatively resolve internal flame structures for unconfined combustion systems, this is not easily possible for enclosed systems under pressure. Instead, the extent to which the reaction zone is affected by thermodiffusive instabilities in interaction with the turbulent flow field is quantitatively assessed using information from laser-induced fluorescence measurements. Consistent with all configurations presented here, the ratio of diffusive to convective time scales plays a critical role in the significance of thermodiffusive instabilities.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Funding Cuts Create Chaos in Global Health Programs","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.015","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-Enabled Strategies for Managing Microplastic Risk in Agroecosystems","authors":"Peng Deng, Li Mu, Wendan Xue, Ruiqi Wang, Xiangang Hu, Xu Dong, Baoshan Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.012","url":null,"abstract":"The continuous increase in microplastic (MP) pollution poses significant risks to human health and environmental sustainability, especially in agroecosystems. This study focused on identifying and managing MP risk to crops in agricultural soils in China, which is among the world’s largest consumers of plastic. Via the use of 3243 site-year field observations, we developed intelligent agriculture models to predict MP-related crop risks and identify key drivers, such as climate, livestock density, and fertilizer application, other than the use of agricultural plastic film. Rice was most sensitive to MPs, with an average risk quotient (RQ; unitless) of (3.76 ± 1.95), which is 2.19 and 1.93 times greater than those of maize and wheat, respectively. Climate factors are closely related to livestock density and agricultural management practices, potentially exacerbating MP risk under future conditions. Optimizing livestock density and fertilizer use levels reduced MP risk by 20.9%, 22.9%, and 20.3% and increased crop yields by 9.0%, 6.0%, and 5.6% for maize, rice, and wheat, respectively. Despite limitations related to model uncertainty and policy implementation, the proposed intelligent agriculture model provides a comprehensive basis and potential solutions for assessing and managing MP risk to crops.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gas Versus Biomass Cooking—Landmark Trial Yields Unexpected Results","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.014","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chinese Robotics Take a Big (Dance) Step Forward","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging Battery Electric-Bus Charging Networks for Resilient Shared EV Charging via Deep Reinforcement Learning","authors":"Zhengke Liu, Yunpeng Wang, Sonia Yeh, Patrick Plötz, Bin Yu, Xiaolei Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.011","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid electrification of urban transportation has increased dependence on public electric-vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure, making it more vulnerable to frequent and severe disruptions. To address this issue, this study proposes utilizing underused battery electric-bus (BEB) charging networks by dynamically reallocating surplus depot chargers for public EV charging. We introduce an adaptive shared-charging coordination framework to increase the resilience of public charging services. This coordination problem is formulated as a Markov decision process (MDP) that jointly optimizes BEB charging schedules and shared charger allocation under uncertainty. To enable real-time decision-making without requiring precise forecasts of future system states, an on-policy deep reinforcement-learning (DRL) approach based on the asynchronous advantage actor-critic (A3C) algorithm is developed. A case study using real-world data from Beijing during a major urban flood demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive shared-charging coordination framework. The results reveal that our approach significantly mitigates degradation in public charging service performance, accelerates recovery to normal operating levels, enhances user accessibility, and supports grid stability. Under an extreme scenario with only 25% of public chargers operational, the proposed strategy limits revenue losses to just 3.49%, compared with losses of 53.34% under conventional operations. Additionally, the A3C-based approach demonstrates notable training efficiency and achieves a favorable balance between short-term responsiveness and long-term system performance when benchmarked against a perfect-information optimization model, proximal policy optimization (PPO), and a greedy heuristic. These findings highlight the substantial potential of BEB charging networks as critical resilience resources for urban public EV charging infrastructure during extreme disruption events.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-Nucleus RNA Sequencing Reveals the Mechanism of Neonatal Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy and The Neuroprotection Effects of Salvianolic Acid C","authors":"Xuan Mou, Lu Li, Xinyue Liu, Aolin Zhang, Tao He, Baofeng Rao, Jiatian Zhang, Renjie Chen, Malte Spielmann, Chi Chiu Wang, Bin Cong, Xiaohui Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"Neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), resulting from perinatal asphyxia-induced hypoxic–ischemic brain damage (HIBD), is a severe neurological disorder that impairs neurodevelopment, and no definitive therapies are available. The polyphenolic natural compound salvianolic acid C (SAC) exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of SAC in treating HIE via animal and human brain organoid experiments. Human brain organoids served as a translational platform for assessing natural product efficacy and clinical effect prediction. Rat brain tissues were harvested at two time points (24 h and 7 d after HIBD and SAC administration) for single-nucleus RNA sequencing. <em>In vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> experiments, including microarrays and gene silencing, were employed to confirm the sequencing findings. Our findings demonstrated that during the acute phase of HIBD, SAC suppressed signal transducer and activator of transcription 3⁺ (<em>Stat3</em>⁺) astrocyte-driven acute neuroinflammation, decreased inflammatory factor release, and maintained glial–immune homeostasis. During the subacute phase, SAC promoted oligodendrocyte differentiation and facilitated crosstalk between anti-inflammatory microglia and myelinating oligodendrocytes, establishing a regenerative microenvironment and enhancing neuregulin 3 (NRG3)–receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-4 (ErbB4) signaling axis activity. These coordinated mechanisms highlight the dual capacity of SAC in mitigating early injury and driving structural repair in the later stages. This study revealed the pathophysiology of HIE and the multitarget neuroprotective effects of SAC against this disorder at single-cell resolution, advancing the mechanistic foundations for SAC-based therapies in neonatal brain injury.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid In-Vitro Inactivation of Various SARS-CoV-2 Strains Using Ionizing Radiation: New Inactivation Patterns And Mechanistic Insights","authors":"Wei Wang, Xiaodi Zhang, Jiageng Yu, Tianhao Weng, Zhiyang Yu, Zhigang Wu, Danrong Shi, Sufen Zhang, Xiangyun Lu, Osama Alam, Dahang Shen, Qian Bao, Qingfu Ye, Lanjuan Li, Hangping Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"Ionizing radiation presents an important solution for virus inactivation. However, its efficacy for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) inactivation and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study demonstrates radiosensitivity and radiation-induced biological changes in SARS-CoV-2 using 20 wild-type and mutant strains. The results show that 1.2 kGy of electron beam (E-beam) or 0.9 kGy of X-ray irradiation can eliminate 99.99% of SARS-CoV-2 particles. The Delta and various Omicron variants exhibit heightened sensitivity to radiation compared to the wild-type, showing nearly 99.99% inactivation efficiency at 1.0 and 0.8 kGy. The relationship between irradiation dose and the logarithmic reduction in virus load adheres to a dose–response model, characterized by extremely narrow windows. Spike (S) protein disruption, rather than the commonly accepted nucleic acid cleavage, is identified as the primary inactivation mechanism (triggering a conformation transition of S protein from pre-fusion to post-fusion with minimal impact on nucleic acid integrity). This study introduces the concept of targeting critical proteins in coronavirus inactivation, offering valuable insight for infectious coronavirus disease control and vaccine development.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Fidelity and Efficiency Simulator for 6G Integrated Space–Ground Network","authors":"Haibo Zhou, Xiaoyu Liu, Xin Zhang, Xiaohan Qin, Mengyang Zhang, Yuze Liu, Weihua Zhuang, Xuemin Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.08.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.08.042","url":null,"abstract":"Mega-constellation networks have recently gained significant research attention because of their potential for providing ubiquitous and high-capacity connectivity in future sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication systems. However, the high dynamics of network topology and large-scale of a mega-constellation pose new challenges to constellation simulation and performance evaluation. To address these issues, we introduce UltraStar, a high-fidelity and high-efficiency computer simulator to support the development of 6G wireless communication systems with low-Earth-orbit mega-constellation satellites. The simulator facilitates the design and performance analysis of various algorithms and protocols for network operation and deployment. We propose a systematic, scalable, and comprehensive simulation architecture for the high-fidelity modeling of network configurations and for performing high-efficiency simulations of network operations and management capabilities, while providing users with intuitive visualizations. We capture heterogeneous topology characteristics by establishing an environment update algorithm that incorporates real ephemeris data for satellite orbit prediction, sun outages, and link handovers. For a realistic simulation of software and hardware configurations, we develop a network simulator version 3 based network model to support networking protocol extensions. We propose a message passing interface-based parallel and distributed approach with multiple cores or machines to achieve high simulation efficiency in large and complex network scenarios. Experimental results demonstrate the high fidelity and efficiency of UltraStar can help pave the way for 6G integrated space–ground networks.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}