Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Black Phosphorus and E7-Functionalized Sulfonated Polyetheretherketone with Effective Osteogenicity and Antibacterial Activity","authors":"Xiao Wang ,&nbsp;Shuning Zhang ,&nbsp;Ai Zhu ,&nbsp;Lingyan Cao ,&nbsp;Long Xu ,&nbsp;Junjie Wang ,&nbsp;Fei Zheng ,&nbsp;Xiangkai Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongyan Chen ,&nbsp;Xinquan Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given its excellent biological properties and the matching of its elastic modulus with that of human bone tissue, medical polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is considered a desirable candidate for bone-implant materials. However, its poor osseointegrative and antibacterial properties greatly limit its clinical application. To address these concerns, a functional PEEK implant is needed. Herein, a novel photo-responsive multifunctional PEEK-based implant material (sPEEK/BP/E7) with both effective osteogenesis and good disinfection properties was constructed via the self-assembly of black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets, mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA), and bioactive short peptide E7 on sulfonated PEEK (sPEEK). The versatile micro-/nano-structured PEEK surface provides superior hydrophilicity, a favorable osteogenic microenvironment, and excellent photothermal effects under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. The <em>in vitro</em> results showed that sPEEK/BP/E7 displays enhanced cytocompatibility and osteogenicity in terms of cell adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, matrix mineralization, and osteogenesis-related gene expression, superior to those of the sPEEK and sPEEK/BP samples. In addition to osteogenesis, the multifunctional coating exhibited strong antibacterial activity against both <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>S. aureus</em>) and <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>). Furthermore, it was confirmed in a rat femoral infection model that sPEEK/BP/E7 effectively resisted infection caused by <em>S. aureus</em> under NIR light irradiation and promoted osseointegration <em>in vivo</em>. Thus, this work presents a facile strategy to realize improvement of the “functional integration” of new polymer bone–implant materials and provide new ideas for their clinical application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 147-161"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Interface of Gene Editing with Regenerative Medicine","authors":"Veronica E. Farag ,&nbsp;Elsie A. Devey ,&nbsp;Kam W. Leong","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.10.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.10.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The potential of regenerative medicine in the clinical space is vast, given its ability to repair and replace damaged tissues, restore lost functions due to age or disease, and transform personalized therapy. Traditional regenerative medicine and tissue engineering strategies have created specialized tissues using progenitor cells and various biological stimuli. To date, there are many US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved regenerative medicine therapies, such as those for wound healing and orthopedic injuries. Nonetheless, these therapies face challenges, including off-target effects, a lack of precision, and failure to target the disease or injury at its origin. In search of novel, precise, and efficient alternatives, the regenerative medicine landscape is shifting towards genome engineering technologies, particularly gene editing. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based gene editing systems enable precise knock-ins, knockouts, transcriptional activation and repression, as well as specific base conversions. This advancement has allowed researchers to treat genetic and degenerative diseases, control cell fate for highly regulated tissue repair, and enhance tissue functions. In this review, we explore the progress and future prospects of CRISPR technologies in regenerative medicine, focusing on how gene editing has led to advanced therapeutic applications and served as a versatile research tool for understanding tissue development and disease progression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 73-100"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent Photonics: A Disruptive Technology to Shape the Present and Redefine the Future","authors":"Danlin Xu,&nbsp;Yuchen Ma,&nbsp;Guofan Jin,&nbsp;Liangcai Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial intelligence (AI) has taken breathtaking leaps forward in recent years, evolving into a strategic technology for pioneering the future. The growing demand for computing power—especially in demanding inference tasks, exemplified by generative AI models such as ChatGPT—poses challenges for conventional electronic computing systems. Advances in photonics technology have ignited interest in investigating photonic computing as a promising AI computing modality. Through the profound fusion of AI and photonics technologies, intelligent photonics is developing as an emerging interdisciplinary field with significant potential to revolutionize practical applications. Deep learning, as a subset of AI, presents efficient avenues for optimizing photonic design, developing intelligent optical systems, and performing optical data processing and analysis. Employing AI in photonics can empower applications such as smartphone cameras, biomedical microscopy, and virtual and augmented reality displays. Conversely, leveraging photonics-based devices and systems for the physical implementation of neural networks enables high speed and low energy consumption. Applying photonics technology in AI computing is expected to have a transformative impact on diverse fields, including optical communications, automatic driving, and astronomical observation. Here, recent advances in intelligent photonics are presented from the perspective of the synergy between deep learning and metaphotonics, holography, and quantum photonics. This review also spotlights relevant applications and offers insights into challenges and prospects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 186-213"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electron Transfer Pathways and Vanadium Isotope Fractionation During Microbially Mediated Vanadate Reduction","authors":"Wenyue Yan ,&nbsp;Baogang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yi’na Li ,&nbsp;Jianping Lu ,&nbsp;Yangmei Fei ,&nbsp;Shungui Zhou ,&nbsp;Hailiang Dong ,&nbsp;Fang Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbial vanadate (V(V)) reduction is a key process for environmental geochemistry and detoxification of vanadium (V). However, the electron transfer pathways and V isotope fractionation involved in this process are not yet fully understood. In this study, the V(V) reduction mechanisms with concomitant V isotope fractionation by the Gram-positive bacterium <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> (<em>B. subtilis</em>) and the Gram-negative bacterium <em>Thauera humireducens</em> (<em>T. humireducens</em>) were investigated. Both strains could effectively reduce V(V), removing (90.5% ± 1.6%) and (93.0% ± 1.8%) of V(V) respectively from an initial concentration of 50 mg·L⁻¹ during a 10-day incubation period. V(V) was bioreduced to insoluble vanadium (IV), which was distributed both inside and outside the cells. Electron transfer via cytochrome C, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and glutathione played critical roles in V(V) reduction. Metabolomic analysis showed that differentially enriched metabolites (quinone, biotin, and riboflavin) mediated electron transfer in both strains. The aqueous V in the remaining solution became isotopically heavier as V(V) bioreduction proceeded. The obtained V isotope composition dynamics followed a Rayleigh fractionation model, and the isotope enrichment factor (<em>ε</em>) was (–0.54‰ ± 0.04‰) for <em>B. subtilis</em> and (–0.32‰ ± 0.03‰) for <em>T. humireducens</em>, with an insignificant difference. This study provides molecular insights into electron transfer for V(V) bioreduction and reveals V isotope fractionation during this bioprocess, which is helpful for understanding V biogeochemistry and developing novel strategies for V remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 257-266"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Multi-Objective Scheduling for Distributed Heterogeneous Hybrid Flow Shops with Blocking Constraints","authors":"Xueyan Sun ,&nbsp;Weiming Shen ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Fan ,&nbsp;Birgit Vogel-Heuser ,&nbsp;Fandi Bi ,&nbsp;Chunjiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.11.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.11.033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates a distributed heterogeneous hybrid blocking flow-shop scheduling problem (DHHBFSP) designed to minimize the total tardiness and total energy consumption simultaneously, and proposes an improved proximal policy optimization (IPPO) method to make real-time decisions for the DHHBFSP. A multi-objective Markov decision process is modeled for the DHHBFSP, where the reward function is represented by a vector with dynamic weights instead of the common objective-related scalar value. A factory agent (FA) is formulated for each factory to select unscheduled jobs and is trained by the proposed IPPO to improve the decision quality. Multiple FAs work asynchronously to allocate jobs that arrive randomly at the shop. A two-stage training strategy is introduced in the IPPO, which learns from both single- and dual-policy data for better data utilization. The proposed IPPO is tested on randomly generated instances and compared with variants of the basic proximal policy optimization (PPO), dispatch rules, multi-objective metaheuristics, and multi-agent reinforcement learning methods. Extensive experimental results suggest that the proposed strategies offer significant improvements to the basic PPO, and the proposed IPPO outperforms the state-of-the-art scheduling methods in both convergence and solution quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 278-291"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Evaluation of Indoor Transmission-Risk Assessment Metrics for Infectious Diseases","authors":"Inseok Yoon ,&nbsp;Changbum Ahn ,&nbsp;Seungjun Ahn ,&nbsp;Bogyeong Lee ,&nbsp;Jongjik Lee ,&nbsp;Moonseo Park","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.11.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.11.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Governments worldwide have implemented non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to control the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and it is crucial to accurately assess the effectiveness of such measures. Many studies have quantified the risk of infection transmission and used simulations to compare the risk before and after the implementation of NPIs to judge policies’ effectiveness. However, the choice of metric used to quantify the risk can lead to different conclusions regarding the effectiveness of a policy. In this study, we analyze the correlation between different transmission-risk metrics, pedestrian environments, and types of infectious diseases using simulation-generated data. Our findings reveal conflicting results among five different metric types in specific environments. More specifically, we observe that, when the randomness of pedestrian trajectories in indoor spaces is low, the closeness centrality exhibits a higher correlation coefficient with infection-based metrics than with contact-based metrics. Furthermore, even within the same pedestrian environment, the likelihood of discrepancies between infection-based metrics and other metrics increases for infectious diseases with low transmission rates. These results highlight the variability in the measured effectiveness of NPIs depending on the chosen metric. To evaluate NPIs accurately, facility managers should consider the type of facility and infectious disease and not solely rely on a single metric. This study provides a simulation model as a tool for future research and improves the reliability of pedestrian-simulation-based NPI effectiveness analysis methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 306-315"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructing Air-Interface Links for Mobile Communications: From {0,1} to [0,1]","authors":"Tao Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 16-22"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lycium barbarum L.-Derived miR162a Functions on Osteoporosis Through Directly Promoting Osteoblast Formation","authors":"Chunyan Gu ,&nbsp;Xichao Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaozhu Tang ,&nbsp;Leilei Gong ,&nbsp;Jingquan Tan ,&nbsp;Yuanjiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Huili Zheng ,&nbsp;Ze Wang ,&nbsp;Chenqian Zhang ,&nbsp;Yejin Zhu ,&nbsp;Zuojian Zhou ,&nbsp;Heming Yu ,&nbsp;Kai Xu ,&nbsp;Jinao Duan ,&nbsp;Xiaosong Gu ,&nbsp;Ye Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can help prevent or treat diseases; however, there are few studies on the active substances of TCM. For example, <em>Lycium barbarum</em> L. has been proven to be effective in treating osteoporosis for thousands of years, but its active substance remains to be unknown. Prompted by the efforts to modernize TCM, the present study focused on the novel active substance of <em>Lycium barbarum</em> L. to reinforce kidney essence to produce bone marrow. Illumina deep sequencing analysis and stem-loop polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay revealed that <em>miR162a</em>, a <em>Lycium barbarum</em> L.-derived microRNA, can pass through the gastrointestinal tract to target the bone marrow in mice. Immunofluorescence staining showed that <em>miR162a</em> was absorbed through systemic RNA interference defective transmembrane family member 1 (SIDT1) in the stomach. Bioinformatics prediction and luciferase reporter assay identified that <em>miR162a</em> targeted <em>nuclear receptor corepressor</em> (<em>NcoR</em>). Alizarin red staining and micro-computed tomography (microCT) confirmed that <em>miR162a</em> promoted osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, zebrafish, and a mouse model of osteoporosis. In addition, transgenic <em>Nicotiana benthamiana</em> (<em>N. benthamiana</em>) leaves overexpressing <em>miR162a</em> were developed by agrobacterium infiltration method. microCT and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining confirmed that transgenic <em>N. benthamiana</em> leaves effectively protected against osteoporosis in mice. Our study mechanistically explains how <em>Lycium barbarum</em> L. improves osteoporosis and supports that <em>Lycium barbarum</em> L. reinforces kidney essence, thereby strengthening the bone. <em>miR162a</em> expressed by transgenic plants may represent a novel and safe treatment for human osteoporosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 162-171"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50164466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-Enabled Nanomedicine for Tumor Theranostics","authors":"Kairui Liu ,&nbsp;Boyuan Jing ,&nbsp;Jun Kang ,&nbsp;Lei Han ,&nbsp;Jin Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultrasound-enabled nanomedicine leverages ultrasound to amplify the capabilities of engineered nanosystems, paving the way for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic breakthroughs in conventional nanomedicine. As a burgeoning discipline, past overviews have sometimes offered a fragmented perspective, lacking a comprehensive view. This review presents a systematic exploration of the latest advancements in ultrasound-enabled nanomedicine, with a particular emphasis on oncology. Covered topics include molecular imaging of tumors, separation of tumor markers, penetration through physiological barriers, perforation of cell membranes, targeted drug release and activation strategies, and an array of sonotherapies for oncological treatments. We delve into the research framework of each topic, the foundational design of the nanosystems, and their associated ultrasound activation mechanisms. Moreover, we highlight recent pivotal research aimed at deepening the reader's understanding of this intricate domain. This review underscores the integration of design and foundational theories within ultrasound-enabled nanomedicine, aspiring to ignite advanced theoretical insights and introduce innovative design paradigms. In conclusion, we outline current challenges and prospective research directions. An enhanced focus on these areas will expedite the advancement of ultrasound-enabled nanomedicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 101-129"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140769462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovations and Progress in Tissue Engineering Theory and Technology","authors":"Xiaosong Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}