Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Optimising Cholesterol Management Strategies Based on Cholesterol–Mortality Associations","authors":"Jianxin Li, Xiangfeng Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical guidelines emphasize that lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels is fundamental to the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) [<span><span>1</span></span>]. However, emerging evidence suggests that low LDL-C levels are associated with an elevated risk of incident cancer [<span><span>2</span></span>]. A previous study indicated a U-shaped association between LDL-C levels and all-cause mortality [<span><span>3</span></span>]. Inconsistent findings from studies may have been confounded by both lipid-lowering medication use and comorbidities. To address these uncertainties, comprehensive analyses are required to clarify the relation between mortality and all cholesterol indicators, including total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL-C levels. In a recent study published in <em>Engineering</em>, Jiang et al. [<span><span>4</span></span>] provided critical insights by analyzing data from three prospective, longitudinal cohorts comprising 163 115 Chinese adults and 317 305 UK adults, with a median follow-up of nearly ten years. Their study examined the associations between untreated baseline cholesterol levels, longitudinal changes, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. The research yielded several key findings with potential implications for public health policies and clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145306284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI- and Biotechnology-Driven Digital Design of Biohydrogen-Producing Microbiota","authors":"Qian Liu, Shuang Gao, Yanan Hou, Jianfeng Liu, Qianqian Yuan, Ai-Jie Wang, Nanqi Ren, Cong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.027","url":null,"abstract":"Biohydrogen, produced via microbial fermentation of biomass waste, is poised to play a pivotal role in China’s green energy transition. Nonetheless, significant obstacles such as high costs, unstable production dynamics, regulatory and metabolic inefficiencies, and limited actual hydrogen yields hinder large-scale application. Addressing these challenges necessitates the integration of machine learning and synthetic biology, forming a robust pathway to enhanced process efficacy and output consistency. The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and biotechnology (BT) is revolutionizing biohydrogen production by shifting from traditional empirical methodologies to predictive, engineering-based frameworks. AI equips researchers to interpret and optimize complex metabolic and genetic networks through machine learning and genome-scale modeling. Concurrently, BT is evolving to manipulate microbial communities holistically via synthetic ecology and dynamic modeling. Here, we propose a “digital microbial community” paradigm, intergating multi-scale metabolic modeling and emergent property prediction, AI-powered ecological niche decomposition and closed-loop BT enhanced evolutionary framework for continuous optimization of digital twins through experimental feedback. This fusion facilitates the rational design and real-time optimization of programmable microbial ecosystems, greatly enhancing biohydrogen producing control and efficiency. The transition to digital and data-driven design, utilizing multi-omics and ecosystem-level analytics, further bolsters precision and scalability. While moving from single cells to complex microbial consortia introduces challenges, such as non-linear dynamics and ecosystem stability, the synergy of AI and BT underpins the intelligent, resilient, and sustainable production of biohydrogen, thereby reinforcing its potential as a foundational component of China’s renewable energy landscape.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"159 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145306283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Time-Difference QoS Guarantee in Satellite–Terrestrial Integrated Networks: An Online Learning-Based Resource Scheduling Scheme","authors":"Xiaohan Qin, Tianqi Zhang, Kai Yu, Xin Zhang, Haibo Zhou, Weihua Zhuang, Xuemin Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.025","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid growth of low-Earth-orbit satellites has injected new vitality into future service provisioning. However, given the inherent volatility of network traffic, ensuring differentiated quality of service in highly dynamic networks remains a significant challenge. In this paper, we propose an online learning-based resource scheduling scheme for satellite–terrestrial integrated networks (STINs) aimed at providing on-demand services with minimal resource utilization. Specifically, we focus on: ① accurately characterizing the STIN channel, ② predicting resource demand with uncertainty guarantees, and ③ implementing mixed timescale resource scheduling. For the STIN channel, we adopt the 3rd Generation Partnership Project channel and antenna models for non-terrestrial networks. We employ a one-dimensional convolution and attention-assisted long short-term memory architecture for average demand prediction, while introducing conformal prediction to mitigate uncertainties arising from burst traffic. Additionally, we develop a dual-timescale optimization framework that includes resource reservation on a larger timescale and resource adjustment on a smaller timescale. We also designed an online resource scheduling algorithm based on online convex optimization to guarantee long-term performance with limited knowledge of time-varying network information. Based on the Network Simulator 3 implementation of the STIN channel under our high-fidelity satellite Internet simulation platform, numerical results using a real-world dataset demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the prediction algorithms and online resource scheduling scheme.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145289338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Safety in Aquaculture with Nanostructures: Hazard Detection and Elimination","authors":"Qingsong Zhang, Xilong Wang, Li Lian Wong, Shikai Liu, Ming Li, Guoqing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.07.044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.07.044","url":null,"abstract":"Aquatic products play a crucial role in fulfilling the growing demand of the world’s population for food and provides essential health benefits owing to their high protein and omega-3 fatty acid concentrations that are often lacking in land-based diets. The rapid expansion of aquaculture as a burgeoning food production system has resulted in considerable food safety challenges, particularly concerning the presence of intrinsic toxins (e.g., marine toxins), environmental pollutants (e.g., heavy metals, microplastics, and pathogens), and regulatory issues. Notably, China’s maritime renaissance, which is reshaping the nation’s approach to food security and dietary structures, necessitates urgent solutions owing to its impact on one-fifth of the global population. In response to these pressing challenges, nanostructures have recently been investigated as promising tools for the detection and elimination of hazardous contaminants in aquaculture. Because of their large surface areas and adjustable physicochemical properties, nanostructures can be engineered with antibodies, aptamers, and functional ligands to function as indicators, signal amplifiers, photocatalysts, and separation tools across a wide range of targeted applications. This review presents the latest advancements in the application of nanostructures for safeguarding aquacultural environments and food products. It begins with an overview of aquacultural safety challenges and currently established solutions, followed by a comprehensive analysis of how diverse nanostructures are being utilized for the detection and elimination of hazardous substances from aquacultural systems and products. The review also presents a discussion on the integration of nanostructures into existing aquaculture practices, emphasizing the potential of nanostructures in revolutionizing hazard management by providing rapid, sensitive, and sustainable solutions. Finally, future perspectives on the integration of nanostructures for enhancing aquaculture safety are presented. By addressing both current challenges and future directions, this review underscores the transformative impact of nanostructures in fostering safer and more sustainable aquaculture, contributing to the advancement of global food security.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145296322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Response of Full-Section Asphalt Concrete Waterproof Layer on Ballastless Tracks Employing Fractional-Order Modeling","authors":"Gang Xu, You Wu, Wei Huang, Yuefeng Shi, Tianling Wang, Degou Cai, Jinghong Tan, Xianhua Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"The full-section asphalt concrete waterproof layer (FACWL) has garnered significant attention for its outstanding ability to reduce frost heave and thaw-related weakening in railway track beds, particularly in seasonally frozen regions. To explore the dynamic properties of the FACWL, a fractional-order constitutive model was utilized to characterize the viscoelastic behavior of asphalt concrete. Additionally, a vehicle–track coupled finite element (FE) model and the numerical approach incorporating the fractional-order constitutive model were developed and validated via experimental and field testing. Simulation results indicate that applying the FACWL reduces the vertical dynamic response of each structural layer, vertical peak accelerations across the subgrade surface layer exhibited reductions exceeding 30% in both positive and negative directions. Moreover, the tensile strain at the bottom of the FACWL remained relatively low, less than 100 με. Compared with conventional waterproof sealing layers, the viscoelastic nature of the FACWL facilitates energy dissipation, effectively decreasing the overall vibrational amplitude and vertical deformation within the track structure by more than 20%. Consequently, the FACWL plays a crucial role in ensuring the long-term stability of the subgrade and minimizing vibrations in the track system.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145289319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of UDP-Arabinose Supply and Engineering of Glycosyltransferase DaUGT121 from Dipsacus asperoides for Cauloside A Biosynthesis in Escherichia coli","authors":"Tengfei Niu, Weilin Yao, Xuxuan Zhang, Yuan Ji, Li Yang, Zhengtao Wang, Mattheos A.G. Koffas, Rufeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.023","url":null,"abstract":"Cauloside A (hederagenin 3-<em>O</em>-α-<em>L</em>-arabinopyranoside) is a bioactive triterpenoid saponin with demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, hemolytic, and molluscicidal properties. However, its structurally complex nature and limited natural availability make both large-scale chemical synthesis and extraction from medicinal plants particularly challenging. Microbial conversion via heterologous expression of glycosyltransferases provides a convenient and sustainable approach to produce cauloside A. Consequently, the efficient supply of uridine diphosphate-arabinose (UDP-Ara) is a critical determinant of the microbial synthesis of glycosides. In this study, we first engineered <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) to express pathway enzymes, enabling the accumulation of UDP-glucose, UDP-glucuronic acid, UDP-xylose, and UDP-Ara. The biosynthesis of UDP-Ara was subsequently enhanced through pathway optimization and the implementation of a uridine triphosphate regeneration system. Additionally, a salvage pathway comprising arabinose kinase and UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase was engineered to increase the supply of UDP-Ara in <em>E. coli</em>. Finally, the production of cauloside A was achieved for the first time by introducing the engineered glycosyltransferase DaUGT121 from <em>Dipsacus asperoides</em> into UDP-Ara-producing strains. Through fed-batch fermentation in a 5 L bioreactor, the concentration of cauloside A reached 435.6 mg∙L^–1. This study presents an efficient and scalable strategy for the biosynthesis of other high-value arabinose-derived natural products.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145289481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Last Decade of Medicinal Plant Genomics: Advances and Challenges","authors":"Junfeng Chen, Yuchen Zhang, Yajing Li, Yiru Liu, Qing Li, Zongyou Lv, Milen I. Georgiev, Pan Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.024","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decade (2014–2025), owing to increasing genome sequencing technology and decreasing cost, research on medicinal plant genomes (MPGs) has expanded extensively. This advancement has significantly accelerated progress in multiple areas, including elucidating specialized metabolic pathways, conserving endangered species, advancing molecular breeding strategies, and accelerating metabolic engineering innovations. Here, we attempt to provide a contemporary view of MPGs, including analyses of sequenced species and assembly data, the advantages of illustrating the metabolic pathways of active compounds, and demonstrating how MPGs facilitate the metabolic biosynthesis characterization of medicinal plants.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145289482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Coal Purification-Combustion Technology: Purification Characteristics and Ultra-Low Nitrogen Combustion at Low Load","authors":"Shaobo Yang, Shaobo Han, Ruifang Cui, Linxuan Li, Chen Liang, Shuai Guo, Neng Fang, Wei Li, Qiangqiang Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.09.026","url":null,"abstract":"To meet the demand for clean and efficient coal utilization under low-load conditions and new power systems, an innovative coal purification-combustion technology is proposed in this study. The feasibility and fuel adaptability were verified using a 200 kW coal purification-combustion system. The high-temperature purification characteristics of three types of coal under a low load of 55 % and the nitrogen migration and transformation mechanism during the purification-combustion process were studied. The results show that the medium-temperature activation process mainly involves the release and reduction of volatile nitrogen to N₂, with a nitrogen conversion rate of 43.8%–53.1%. During this process, coal powder activation is achieved, which significantly increases the specific surface area of the char, develops a pore structure, and increases the number of active sites, which are beneficial for high-temperature gasification reactions under low loads. During high-temperature purification, 62%–85% of the inorganic components were separated, achieving the separation of carbon and inorganic components. Coal powder is converted into high-temperature gaseous fuel, mainly composed of CO and H₂, and the pore structure of char is further developed, which is conducive to stable combustion under low loads. The high-temperature purification process mainly involves the release and reduction of char nitrogen to N₂, with a nitrogen conversion rate of 93.6%–96.6%. The fuel, mainly composed of high-temperature CO and H₂, achieved a moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution (MILD) combustion process. In the reduction zone of the combustion furnace, NH₃ was completely converted to N₂ and char nitrogen was gradually released and reduced to N₂, with a nitrogen conversion rate of 99.6% in the reduction zone. The oxidation zone involves the burnout of char, which mainly releases char nitrogen and oxidizes it to NO<em>_x</em>. Ultimately, only 0.2%–0.9% of the coal nitrogen is converted to NO<em>_x</em>. The minimum original NO<em>_x</em> emissions of the three types of coal at low loads were 28 mg·Nm⁻³ (@6% O₂), and the combustion efficiency exceeded 99.6%.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145289339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Web-Type Concept of Floating Photovoltaic Farms in Open Sea Environment","authors":"Zhi-Ming Yuan, Shuang-Rui Yu, Atilla Incecik","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid advancement of floating photovoltaic (FPV) technologies has led to increasing interest in their deployment in marine environments. However, the survivability of FPV systems under harsh oceanic conditions, particularly when subjected to large wave impact loads, remains a significant challenge. Addressing this issue necessitates a fundamental shift in design approach. Natural structures are well known for their exquisite design. For example, the silken webs of web-spinning spiders have evolved to span large areas and endure extreme weather conditions and impact loads, while utilizing minimal material. Such remarkable natural characteristics provide valuable inspiration for the next generation of FPV systems. In this study, we propose a nature-inspired design concept featuring a bio-inspired web-type floating structure to support FPV modules. While the design draws on the distributed and flexible features of web-like geometries, it does not seek to replicate the exact structure or biological function of a spider web. The technical feasibility of this innovative concept was evaluated using the Morison model. Various FPV web configurations were analyzed to evaluate the influence of environmental loads and key design parameters. The study compares motion responses and mooring load variations across various wave conditions. The results indicate that, for the proposed web-type structures, the rope connection can maintain the overall motion at a low level, and the peak mooring tensions can be optimized. The pretension on the connecting mooring lines can be optimized by tuning the gap between the modules. Furthermore, the dynamic performance of the large FPV system was evaluated. This study presents an early-stage framework, employing the spider-web configuration as a structural analogy rather than a validated solution.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145283129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Structural Failure Analysis with Physics-Informed Machine Learning in Engineering Applications","authors":"Benjin Wang, Peng Zhang, Yujie Xiang, Dalei Wang, Baijian Wu, Xianqiao Wang, Keke Tang, Airong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"While machine learning (ML) shows significant potential for structural-failure analysis, purely data-driven approaches face critical limitations, including data scarcity, lack of physical consistency, and poor interpretability in safety–critical applications. Physics-informed ML (PIML) addresses these challenges by integrating physical principles with data-driven methods, thereby enabling accurate and interpretable predictions, while maintaining physical consistency. This study presents a systematic categorization of PIML implementation strategies in structural-failure analysis, classifying the approaches into four distinct categories: physics-guided data manipulation, physics-inspired architectural design, physics-constrained loss functions, and hybrid physics–ML models. We examined the applications across the complete failure lifecycle, from mechanism analysis and fatigue-life prediction to structural-health monitoring and post-failure analysis, to demonstrate how different PIML strategies address specific engineering challenges. Through a critical evaluation of representative studies, we identified the current limitations, including data-integration complexities, physics-formalization difficulties, and computational trade-offs between accuracy and efficiency. Future research directions emphasize multisource knowledge fusion, transferable PIML frameworks, and enhanced post-failure analysis capabilities. This systematic framework provides clear guidance for selecting appropriate PIML strategies based on application requirements and available resources, thereby advancing the reliability and safety of engineering structures.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145283127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}