Engineering最新文献

{"title":"My Journey with Semiconductors","authors":"Kinam Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 7-11"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metamaterials: The Art in Materials Science","authors":"Jingbo Sun,&nbsp;Ji Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.12.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.12.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Composed of natural materials but constructed using artificial structures through ingenious design, metamaterials possess properties beyond nature. Unlike traditional materials studies, metamaterials research requires great human creativity in order to realize the desired properties and thereby the required functionalities through design. Such properties and functionalities are not necessarily available in nature, and their design can break through the existing materials ideology. This paper reviews progress in metamaterials research over the past 20 years in terms of the materials innovations that have achieved the designation of “meta.” In particular, we discuss future trends in metamaterials in the fields of both fundamental science and engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 145-161"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"China Can Achieve Carbon Neutrality in Line with the Paris Agreement’s 2 °C Target: Navigating Global Emissions Scenarios, Warming Levels, and Extreme Event Projections","authors":"Xiaoye Zhang ,&nbsp;Junting Zhong ,&nbsp;Xiliang Zhang ,&nbsp;Da Zhang ,&nbsp;Changhong Miao ,&nbsp;Deying Wang ,&nbsp;Lifeng Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.11.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.11.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes that China, under the challenge of balancing its development and security, can aim for the Paris Agreement’s goal to limit global warming to no more than 2 °C by actively seeking carbon-peak and carbon-neutrality pathways that align with China’s national conditions, rather than following the idealized path toward the 1.5 °C target by initially relying on extensive negative-emission technologies such as direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS). This work suggests that pursuing a 1.5 °C target is increasingly less feasible for China, as it would potentially incur 3–4 times the cost of pursuing the 2 °C target. With China being likely to achieve a peak in its emissions around 2028, at about 12.8 billion tonnes of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO₂), and become carbon neutral, projected global warming levels may be less severe after the 2050s than previously estimated. This could reduce the risk potential of climate tipping points and extreme events, especially considering that the other two major carbon emitters in the world (Europe and North America) have already passed their carbon peaks. While natural carbon sinks will contribute to China’s carbon neutrality efforts, they are not expected to be decisive in the transition stages. This research also addresses the growing focus on climate overshoot, tipping points, extreme events, loss and damage, and methane reductions in international climate cooperation, emphasizing the need to balance these issues with China’s development, security, and fairness considerations. China’s pursuit of carbon neutrality will have significant implications for global emissions scenarios, warming levels, and extreme event projections, as well as for climate change hotspots of international concern, such as climate tipping points, the climate crisis, and the notion that the world has moved from a warming to a boiling era. Possible research recommendations for global emissions scenarios based on China’s 2 °C target pathway are also summarized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 207-214"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Impacts of Elevated CO2 on Food Security: Nutrient Assimilation, Plant Growth, and Crop Quality","authors":"Felix D. Dakora ,&nbsp;Huihui Li ,&nbsp;Jun Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.12.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.12.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite its negative impacts on plant functioning, climate change benefits plants at the cellular level. For example, the stimulation of C3 photosynthesis by elevated CO₂ can increase N₂ fixation by 73% and grain yield by 10%–11%. The global elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration has already decreased the nitrogen content in C3 crop species and C3 woody vegetation by 14% and 21%, respectively, regardless of added nitrogen fertilizer. ¹⁵N-feeding experiments have shown that, after 19 h under elevated CO₂, the ¹⁵N concentration in the stems, roots plus rhizomes, and whole plants of <em>Scirpus olneyi</em> (<em>S</em>. <em>olneyi</em>) decreased by 51%, 63%, and 74%, respectively. Moreover, <em>S. olneyi</em> showed reduced NH₄⁺ assimilation under elevated CO₂, which decreased the amino acid contents in the stems by 25.6% for glycine and 65.0% for serine, and that in the roots plus rhizomes by 2% for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and 80% for glutamate. Wheat grain protein has also been found to decrease by 7.4% under elevated CO₂ due to reductions in threonine, valine, iso-leucine, leucine, and phenylalanine. The mineral nutrient contents in grains of rice and maize were similarly found to decrease under high CO₂ by 1.0% and 7.1% for phosphorus, 7.8% and 2.1% for sulfur, 5.2% and 5.8% for iron, 3.3% and 5.2% for zinc, 10.6% and 9.9% for copper, and 7.5% and 4.2% for manganese, respectively. In general, mineral concentrations in C3 plants are predicted to decrease by 8% under elevated CO₂, while total non-structural carbohydrates (mainly starch and sugars) are expected to increase. These decreases in grain protein, amino acids, and mineral nutrients could double the incidence of global protein-calorie malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency—especially in Africa, where agricultural soils are inherently low in nutrient elements. Additionally, the increase in total non-structural carbohydrates (mainly starch and sugars) in cereal crops could elevate diabetes incidence due to heavy reliance on starchy diets. The negative effects of elevated CO₂ on rice, maize, and wheat—the world’s three major staple crops—suggest an increase in global food insecurity with rising atmospheric CO₂ concentration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 234-244"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organ Preservation: History, Advancements, and Perspectives","authors":"Xinmeng Liu ,&nbsp;Zhiquan Shu ,&nbsp;Liming Zhang ,&nbsp;Haoyue Li ,&nbsp;Jing Yang ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.12.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.12.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advances in organ transplantation, regenerative medicine, and drug discovery have emphasized the critical importance of effective preservation techniques for organs. Despite these advances, current preservation techniques have significant limitations in maintaining the viability and functional efficacy of organs over the long term. As a result, there is a pressing need to develop reliable and efficient preservation strategies for organs. Currently, the clinical standard for organ preservation involves the use of static cold storage and organ machine perfusion, but these methods can only preserve organs for a couple of days or even a few hours. Notably, the development of cryobiology has yielded promising alternatives. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the progression of organ preservation methods, while emphasizing the limitations of traditional approaches. Moreover, we evaluate advanced preservation techniques for organs, including kidneys, livers, hearts, lungs, and intestines. Furthermore, we share a progress perspective on the future of organ preservation, with the ultimate goal of achieving viable long-term preservation to address the pressing issue of organ shortage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 112-134"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolutionizing Crop Breeding: Next-Generation Artificial Intelligence and Big Data-Driven Intelligent Design","authors":"Ying Zhang ,&nbsp;Guanmin Huang ,&nbsp;Yanxin Zhao ,&nbsp;Xianju Lu ,&nbsp;Yanru Wang ,&nbsp;Chuanyu Wang ,&nbsp;Xinyu Guo ,&nbsp;Chunjiang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.11.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.11.034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The security of the seed industry is crucial for ensuring national food security. Currently, developed countries in Europe and America, along with international seed industry giants, have entered the Breeding 4.0 era. This era integrates biotechnology, artificial intelligence (AI), and big data information technology. In contrast, China is still in a transition period between stages 2.0 and 3.0, which primarily relies on conventional selection and molecular breeding. In the context of increasingly complex international situations, accurately identifying core issues in China’s seed industry innovation and seizing the frontier of international seed technology are strategically important. These efforts are essential for ensuring food security and revitalizing the seed industry. This paper systematically analyzes the characteristics of crop breeding data from artificial selection to intelligent design breeding. It explores the applications and development trends of AI and big data in modern crop breeding from several key perspectives. These include high-throughput phenotype acquisition and analysis, multiomics big data database and management system construction, AI-based multiomics integrated analysis, and the development of intelligent breeding software tools based on biological big data and AI technology. Based on an in-depth analysis of the current status and challenges of China’s seed industry technology development, we propose strategic goals and key tasks for China’s new generation of AI and big data-driven intelligent design breeding. These suggestions aim to accelerate the development of an intelligent-driven crop breeding engineering system that features large-scale gene mining, efficient gene manipulation, engineered variety design, and systematized biobreeding. This study provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the development of China’s seed industry technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 245-255"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Cancer Immunotherapy: Navigating Challenges and Unlocking Opportunities","authors":"Wei Xiang ,&nbsp;Lu Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyuan Chen ,&nbsp;Marco J. Herold","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.12.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.12.014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 12-16"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Discussion on the Complexity and Transit Mechanisms of Urban Traffic Systems","authors":"Ziyou Gao ,&nbsp;Bin Jia ,&nbsp;Dongfan Xie ,&nbsp;Wenxu Wang ,&nbsp;Jianjun Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 24-29"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acoustofluidics at Audible Frequencies—A Review","authors":"Chuanyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Philippe Brunet ,&nbsp;Shuo Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Guo ,&nbsp;Laurent Royon ,&nbsp;Xianming Qin ,&nbsp;Xueyong Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.03.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.03.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acoustofluidics is a term describing the class of phenomena in which mechanical or acoustic vibrations induce a deformation or a flow in a fluid. Many deficiencies in our understanding of these phenomena remain to be addressed, with respect to the fundamental theoretical framework as well as in numerous applications. In this regard, the frequency of external forcing is a key parameter. Owing to the low cost, substantial magnitude, and versatility associated with acoustofluidic phenomena at audible frequencies, studies of these phenomena in the audible range have emerged with increasing amount in recent years and have attracted considerable attention. However, compared with studies focusing on the ultrasonic frequency domain, critical features and information specific to audible acoustofluidics remain dispersed across many independent publications, and a systematic integration of the literature on this topic is necessary. Accordingly, this review summarizes the basic theory and methods for generating vibrations in the audible range, presents various applications thereof in biology, chemistry, and other fields, and provides a high-level overview of the current status of the topic to motivate developing interesting proposals for further research in this field of study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 51-72"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development Trends and Challenges of Additive Manufacturing Metamaterials","authors":"Bo Song ,&nbsp;Shaoji Zhang ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang ,&nbsp;Yusheng Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.11.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.11.014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 2-6"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}