Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Droplet-Enabled Controllable Manipulation of Tribo-Charges from Liquid–Solid Interface","authors":"Xunjia Li ,&nbsp;Jianjun Luo ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Ping ,&nbsp;Zhong Lin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient utilization of electrostatic charges is paramount for numerous applications, from printing to kinetic energy harvesting. However, existing technologies predominantly focus on the static qualities of these charges, neglecting their dynamic capabilities as carriers for energy conversion. Herein, we report a paradigm-shifting strategy that orchestrates the swift transit of surface charges, generated through contact electrification, via a freely moving droplet. This technique ingeniously creates a bespoke charged surface which, in tandem with a droplet acting as a transfer medium to the ground, facilitates targeted charge displacement and amplifies electrical energy collection. The spontaneously generated electric field between the charged surface and needle tip, along with the enhanced water ionization under the electric field, proves pivotal in facilitating controlled charge transfer. By coupling the effects of charge self-transfer, contact electrification, and electrostatic induction, a dual-electrode droplet-driven (DD) triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is designed to harvest the water-related energy, exhibiting a two-order-of-magnitude improvement in electrical output compared to traditional single-electrode systems. Our strategy establishes a fundamental groundwork for efficient water drop energy acquisition, offering deep insights and substantial utility for future interdisciplinary research and applications in energy science.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"45 ","pages":"Pages 132-142"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orbit–Orbit Interaction in Spatiotemporal Optical Vortex","authors":"Jian Chen ,&nbsp;Jie Zhao ,&nbsp;Xi Shen ,&nbsp;Dewei Mo ,&nbsp;Cheng-Wei Qiu ,&nbsp;Qiwen Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.09.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.09.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While spin–orbit interaction has been extensively studied, few investigations have reported on the interaction between orbital angular momenta (OAMs). In this work, we study a new type of orbit–orbit coupling between the longitudinal OAM and the transverse OAM carried by a three-dimensional (3D) spatiotemporal optical vortex (STOV) in the process of tight focusing. The 3D STOV possesses orthogonal OAMs in the <em>x</em>–<em>y</em>, <em>t</em>–<em>x</em>, and <em>y</em>–<em>t</em> planes, and is preconditioned to overcome the spatiotemporal astigmatism effect. <em>x, y,</em> and <em>t</em> are the axes in the spatiotemporal domain. The corresponding focused wavepacket is calculated by employing the Debye diffraction theory, showing that a phase singularity ring is generated by the interactions among the transverse and longitudinal vortices in the highly confined STOV. The Fourier-transform decomposition of the Debye integral is employed to analyze the mechanism of the orbit–orbit interaction. This is the first revelation of coupling between the longitudinal OAM and the transverse OAM, paving the way for potential applications in optical trapping, laser machining, nonlinear light–matter interactions, and more.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"45 ","pages":"Pages 44-51"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioinspired Surface Engineering with Dual Covalent Receptors Incorporated via Precise Post-Imprinting Modification to Enhance the Specific Identification of Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate","authors":"Pan Wang,&nbsp;Tao Cheng,&nbsp;Zhuangxin Wei,&nbsp;Lu Liu,&nbsp;Yue Wang,&nbsp;Xiaohua Tian,&nbsp;Jianming Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.11.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.11.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Expanding the specific surface area of substrates and carrying out precise surface engineering of imprinted nanocavities are crucial methods for enhancing the identification efficiency of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). To implement this synergistic strategy, bioinspired surface engineering was used to incorporate dual covalent receptors via precise post-imprinting modifications (PIMs) onto mesoporous silica nanosheets. The prepared sorbents (denoted as “D-PMIPs”) were utilized to improve the specific identification of adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP). Significantly, the mesoporous silica nanosheets possess a high surface area of approximately 498.73 m²∙g^–1, which facilitates the formation of abundant specific recognition sites in the D-PMIPs. The dual covalent receptors are valuable for establishing the spatial orientation and arrangement of AMP through multiple cooperative interactions. PIMs enable precise site-specific functionalization within the imprinted cavities, leading to the tailor-made formation of complementary binding sites. The maximum number of high-affinity binding sites (<em>N</em>_max) of the D-PMIPs is 39.99 μmol∙g^–1, which is significantly higher than that of imprinted sorbents with a single receptor (i.e., S-BMIPs or S-PMIPs). The kinetic data of the D-PMIPs can be effectively described by a pseudo-second-order model, indicating that the main binding mechanism involves synergistic chemisorption from boronate affinity and the pyrimidine base. This study suggests that using dual covalent receptors and PIMs is a reliable approach for creating imprinted sorbents with high selectivity, allowing for the controlled engineering of imprinted sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"45 ","pages":"Pages 143-154"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astrocytic G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Drug Addiction","authors":"Alexander K. Zinsmaier ,&nbsp;Eric J. Nestler ,&nbsp;Yan Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.12.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.12.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the cellular mechanisms of drug addiction remains a key task in current brain research. While neuron-based mechanisms have been extensively explored over the past three decades, recent evidence indicates a critical involvement of astrocytes, the main type of non-neuronal cells in the brain. In response to extracellular stimuli, astrocytes modulate the activity of neurons, synaptic transmission, and neural network properties, collectively influencing brain function. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed on astrocyte surfaces respond to neuron- and environment-derived ligands by activating or inhibiting astrocytic signaling, which in turn regulates adjacent neurons and their circuitry. In this review, we focus on the dopamine D1 receptors (D1R) and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGLUR5 or GRM5)—two GPCRs that have been critically implicated in the acquisition and maintenance of addiction-related behaviors. Positioned as an introductory-level review, this article briefly discusses astrocyte biology, outlines earlier discoveries about the role of astrocytes in substance-use disorders (SUDs), and provides detailed discussion about astrocytic D1Rs and mGLUR5s in regulating synapse and network functions in the nucleus accumbens (NAc)—a brain region that mediates addiction-related emotional and motivational responses. This review serves as a stepping stone for readers of <em>Engineering</em> to explore links between astrocytic GPCRs and drug addiction and other psychiatric disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 256-265"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent Covert Communication: Recent Advances and Future Research Trends","authors":"Zan Li ,&nbsp;Jia Shi ,&nbsp;Jiangbo Si ,&nbsp;Lu Lv ,&nbsp;Lei Guan ,&nbsp;Benjian Hao ,&nbsp;Zhuangzhuang Tie ,&nbsp;Danyang Wang ,&nbsp;Chengwen Xing ,&nbsp;Tony Q.S. Quek","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the future substantial increase in coverage and network heterogeneity, emerging networks will encounter unprecedented security threats. Covert communication is considered a potential enhanced security and privacy solution for safeguarding future wireless networks, as it can enable monitors to detect the transmitter’s transmission behavior with a low probability, thereby ensuring the secure transmission of private information. Due to its favorable security, it is foreseeable that covert communication will be widely used in various wireless communication settings such as medical, financial, and military scenarios. However, existing covert communication methods still present many challenges toward practical applications. In particular, it is difficult to guarantee the effectiveness of covert schemes based on the randomness of eavesdropping environments, and it is challenging for legitimate users to detect weak covert signals. Considering that emerging artificial-intelligence-aided transmission technologies can open up entirely new opportunities to address the above challenges, we provide a comprehensive review of recent advances and potential research directions in the field of intelligent covert communications in this work. First, the basic concepts and performance metrics of covert communications are introduced. Then, existing effective covert communication techniques in the time, frequency, spatial, power, and modulation domains are reviewed. Finally, this paper discusses potential implementations and challenges for intelligent covert communications in future networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 101-111"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in Intracortical Neural Interfaces for Freely Moving Animals: Technologies and Applications","authors":"Xinxia Cai ,&nbsp;Zhaojie Xu ,&nbsp;Jingquan Liu ,&nbsp;Robert Wang ,&nbsp;Yirong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.12.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.12.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intracortical neural interfaces directly connect brain neurons with external devices to achieve high temporal resolution and spatially precise sampling of neural activity. When applied to freely moving animals, this technology provides in-depth insight into the underlying neural mechanisms for their movement and cognition in real-world scenarios. However, the application of implanted devices in freely moving animals is limited by restrictions on their behavioral freedom and physiologic impact. In this paper, four technological directions for ideal implantable neural interface devices are analyzed: higher spatial density, improved biocompatibility, enhanced multimodal detection of electrical/neurotransmitter signals, and more effective neural modulation. Finally, we discuss how these technological developments have been applied to freely moving animals to provide better insight into neuroscience and clinical medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 73-86"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital Twin Enabling Technologies for Advancing Road Engineering and Lifecycle Applications","authors":"Yu Yan ,&nbsp;Lei Ni ,&nbsp;Lijun Sun ,&nbsp;Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Jianing Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.12.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.12.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Road infrastructure is facing significant digitalization challenges within the context of new infrastructure construction in China and worldwide. Among the advanced digital technologies, digital twin (DT) has gained prominence across various engineering sectors, including the manufacturing and construction industries. Specifically, road engineering has demonstrated a growing interest in DT and has achieved promising results in DT-related applications over the past several years. This paper systematically introduces the development of DT and examines its current state in road engineering by reviewing research articles on DT-enabling technologies, such as model creation, condition sensing, data processing, and interaction, as well as its applications throughout the lifecycle of road infrastructure. The findings indicate that research has primarily focused on data perception and virtual model creation, while real-time data processing and interaction between physical and virtual models remain underexplored. DT in road engineering has been predominantly applied during the operation and maintenance phases, with limited attention given to the construction and demolition phases. Future efforts should focus on establishing uniform standards, developing innovative perception and data interaction techniques, optimizing development costs, and expanding the scope of lifecycle applications to facilitate the digital transformation of road engineering. This review provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art advancements in this field and paves the way for leveraging DT in road infrastructure lifecycle management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 184-206"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupled Urban Risks: A Complex Systems Perspective with a People-Centric Focus","authors":"Min Ouyang ,&nbsp;Zekai Cheng ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Ma ,&nbsp;Hongwei Wang ,&nbsp;Stergios Aristoteles Mitoulis","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.12.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.12.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The complexity of coupled risks, which refer to the compounded effects of interacting uncertainties across multiple interdependent objectives, is inherent to cities functioning as dynamic, interdependent systems. A disruption in one domain ripples across various urban systems, often with unforeseen consequences. Central to this complexity are people, whose behaviors, needs, and vulnerabilities shape risk evolution and response effectiveness. Realizing cities as complex systems centered on human needs and behaviors is essential to understanding the complexities of coupled urban risks. This paper adopts a complex systems perspective to examine the intricacies of coupled urban risks, emphasizing the critical role of human decisions and behavior in shaping these dynamics. We focus on two key dimensions: cascading hazards in urban environments and cascading failures across interdependent exposed systems in cities. Existing risk assessment models often fail to capture the complexity of these processes, particularly when factoring in human decision-making. To tackle these challenges, we advocate for a standardized taxonomy of cascading hazards, urban components, and their interactions. At its core is a people-centric perspective, emphasizing the bidirectional interactions between people and the systems that serve them. Building on this foundation, we argue the need for an integrated, people-centric risk assessment framework that evaluates event impacts in relation to the hierarchical needs of people and incorporates their preparedness and response capacities. By leveraging real-time data, advanced simulations, and innovative validation methods, this framework aims to enhance the accuracy of coupled urban risk modeling. To effectively manage coupled urban risks, cities can draw from proven strategies in real complex systems. However, given the escalating uncertainties and complexities associated with climate change, prioritizing people-centric strategies is crucial. This approach will empower cities to build resilience not only against known hazards but also against evolving and unforeseen challenges in an increasingly uncertain world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 44-50"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixing Intensification for Advanced Materials Manufacturing","authors":"Chao Yang ,&nbsp;Guang-Wen Chu ,&nbsp;Xin Feng ,&nbsp;Yan-Bin Li ,&nbsp;Jie Chen ,&nbsp;Dan Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Duan ,&nbsp;Jian-Feng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.12.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.12.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mixing process plays a pivotal role in the design, optimization, and scale-up of chemical reactors. For most chemical reactions, achieving uniform and rapid contact between reactants at the molecular level is crucial. Mixing intensification encompasses innovative methods and tools that address the limitations of inadequate mixing within reactors, enabling efficient reaction scaling and boosting the productivity of industrial processes. This review provides a concise introduction to the fundamentals of multiphase mixing, followed by case studies highlighting the application of mixing intensification in the production of energy-storage materials, advanced optical materials, and nanopesticides. These examples illustrate the significance of theoretical analysis in informing and advancing engineering practices within the chemical industry. We also explore the challenges and opportunities in this field, offering insights based on our current understanding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 135-144"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Letter from the Editors-in-Chief","authors":"Zhou Ji,&nbsp;Raj Reddy","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.12.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.12.026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"44 ","pages":"Page 1"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}