Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Modifiers of the Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Peng An, Sitong Wan, Langrun Wang, Tiancheng Xu, Teng Xu, Yonghui Wang, Jin Liu, Keji Li, Xifan Wang, Jingjing He, Simin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141848631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly Efficient Broadband Achromatic Microlens Design Based on Low-Dispersion Materials","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.08.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.08.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metalenses with achromatic performance offer a new opportunity for high-quality imaging with an ultra-compact configuration; however, they suffer from complex fabrication processes and low focusing efficiency. In this study, we propose an efficient design method for achromatic microlenses on a wavelength scale using materials with low dispersion, an adequately designed convex surface, and a thickness profile distribution. By taking into account the absolute chromatic aberration, relative focal length shift (FLS), and numerical aperture (NA), microlens with a certain focal length can be realized through our realized map of geometric features. Accordingly, the designed achromatic microlenses with low-dispersion fused silica were fabricated using a focused ion beam, and precise surface profiles were obtained. The fabricated microlenses exhibited a high average focusing efficiency of 65% at visible wavelengths of 410–680 nm and excellent achromatic capability via white light imaging. Moreover, the design exhibited the advantages of being polarization-insensitive and near-diffraction-limited. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed achromatic microlens design approach, which expands the prospects of miniaturized optics such as virtual and augmented reality, ultracompact microscopes, and biological endoscopy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809924001516/pdfft?md5=5319440e30def6198168508c87a6ba22&pid=1-s2.0-S2095809924001516-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140758241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular Vesicles in Pathogenic Infection, Transmission, and Immunity","authors":"Junyao Xiong, U. Ashraf, Jing Ye, Shengbo Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141696441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial for the Special Issue on Natural Medicine","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809924003771/pdfft?md5=52a1063214cf83b650dfb0f2cc782062&pid=1-s2.0-S2095809924003771-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141610727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Anticancer Potential of Quassinoids—A Mini-Review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.11.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.11.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The anticancer potential of quassinoids has attracted a great deal of attention for decades, and scientific data revealing their possible applications in cancer management are continuously increasing in the literature. Aside from the potent cytotoxic and antitumor properties of these degraded triterpenes, several quassinoids have exhibited synergistic effects with anticancer drugs. This article provides an overview of the potential anticancer properties of quassinoids, including their cytotoxic and antitumor activities, mechanisms of action, safety evaluation, and potential benefits in combination with anticancer drugs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809924000766/pdfft?md5=dde9853d4fc27c058700e514d1108964&pid=1-s2.0-S2095809924000766-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140091167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"X-Ray-Sensitizers: Organic Pharmaceutical Drug Intermediates Activated Directly by X-Rays to Efficiently Populate Triplet Excitons for Cancer Treatment","authors":"Nuo Lin, Han Xu, Haichao Liu, Xiaoqian Ma, Qunying Shi, Qing Yang, Yating Wen, Huanglei Wei, Ke Hu, Bing Yang, Hongmin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141694867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactivities, Mechanisms, Production, and Potential Application of Bile Acids in Preventing and Treating Infectious Diseases","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.11.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.11.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Infectious diseases are a global public health problem, with emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases on the rise worldwide. Therefore, their prevention and treatment are still major challenges. Bile acids are common metabolites in both hosts and microorganisms that play a significant role in controlling the metabolism of lipids, glucose, and energy. Bile acids have historically been utilized as first-line, valuable therapeutic agents for related metabolic and hepatobiliary diseases. Notably, bile acids are the major active ingredients of cow bezoar and bear bile, which are commonly used traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) with the therapeutic effects of clearing heat, detoxification, and relieving wind and spasm. In recent years, the promising performance of bile acids against infectious diseases has attracted attention from the scientific community. This paper reviews for the first time the biological activities, possible mechanisms, production routes, and potential applications of bile acids in the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases. Compared with previous reviews, we comprehensively summarize existing studies on the use of bile acids against infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms that are leading causes of global morbidity and mortality. In addition, to ensure a stable supply of bile acids at affordable prices, it is necessary to clarify the biosynthesis of bile acids <em>in vivo</em>, which will assist scientists in elucidating the accumulation of bile acids and discovering how to engineer various bile acids by means of chemosynthesis, biosynthesis, and chemoenzymatic synthesis. Finally, we explore the current challenges in the field and recommend a development strategy for bile-acid-based drugs and the sustainable production of bile acids. The presented studies suggest that bile acids are potential novel therapeutic agents for managing infectious diseases and can be artificially synthesized in a sustainable way.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809924000481/pdfft?md5=139bb9faa14d2c0fbb1d3c652e1b97b6&pid=1-s2.0-S2095809924000481-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139920295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Metal Recovery from Industrial Wastewater: Potential Oscillation and Turbulence Mode for Electrochemical System","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Efficient metal recovery from industrial wastewater facilitates addressing of the environmental hazards and resource requirements of heavy metals. The conventional electrodeposition recovery method is hampered by the limitations of interfacial ion transport in charge-transfer reactions, creating challenges for simultaneous rapid and high-quality metal recovery. Therefore, we proposed integrating a transient electric field (TE) and swirling flow (SF) to synchronously enhance bulk mass transfer and promote interfacial ion transport. We investigated the effects of the operation mode, transient frequency, and flow rate on metal recovery, enabling determination of the optimal operating conditions for rapid and efficient sequential recovery of Cu in TE&amp;SF mode. These conditions included low and high electric levels of 0 and 4 V, a 50% duty cycle, 1 kHz frequency, and 400 L·h⁻¹ flow rate. The kinetic coefficients of TE&amp;SF electrodeposition were 3.5–4.3 and 1.37–1.97 times that of single TE and SF electrodeposition, respectively. Simulating the deposition process under TE and SF conditions confirmed the efficient concurrence of interfacial ion transport and charge transfer under TE and SF synergy, which achieved rapid and high-quality metal recovery. Therefore, the combined deposition strategy is considered an effective technique for reducing metal pollution and promoting resource recycling.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809924000018/pdfft?md5=4b178a83a859b12fc01c6ed003dd9b5b&pid=1-s2.0-S2095809924000018-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139091528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative Inverse-Design Approach for On-Chip Computational Spectrometers: Enhanced Performance and Reliability","authors":"Ang Li, Yifan Wu, Gongyuan Zhang, Chang Wang, Jijun He, Yaqi Shi, Zongyin Yang, Shilong Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141850450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Stress TSV Arrays for High-Density Interconnection","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.11.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.11.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In three-dimensional (3D) stacking, the thermal stress of through-silicon via (TSV) has a significant influence on chip performance and reliability, and this problem is exacerbated in high-density TSV arrays. In this study, a novel hollow tungsten TSV (W–TSV) is presented and developed. The hollow structure provides space for the release of thermal stress. Simulation results showed that the hollow W–TSV structure can release 60.3% of thermal stress within the top 2 μm from the surface, and thermal stress can be decreased to less than 20 MPa in the radial area of 3 μm. The ultra-high-density (1600 TSV∙mm⁻²) TSV array with a size of 640 × 512, a pitch of 25 μm, and an aspect ratio of 20.3 was fabricated, and the test results demonstrated that the proposed TSV has excellent electrical and reliability performances. The average resistance of the TSV was 1.21 Ω. The leakage current was 643 pA and the breakdown voltage was greater than 100 V. The resistance change is less than 2% after 100 temperature cycles from −40 to 125 °C. Raman spectroscopy showed that the maximum stress on the wafer surface caused by the hollow W–TSV was 31.02 MPa, which means that there was no keep-out zone (KOZ) caused by the TSV array. These results indicate that this structure has great potential for applications in large-array photodetectors and 3D integrated circuits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S209580992400153X/pdfft?md5=af83ca5ddf5a9e2be84041253f2baf89&pid=1-s2.0-S209580992400153X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140788429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}