Critical Review of Intelligent Coal-Fired Power Technologies and Applications

With the rapid expansion of renewable energy systems, particularly wind and solar energy, coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) are expected to serve as flexible and dispatchable backup resources. This evolving role imposes new demands on their operational adaptability, efficiency, and intelligence. In this context, the intelligent transformation of CFPPs has become a key enabler for achieving both flexible operations and long-term sustainability. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest developments in intelligent coal-fired power technologies, focusing on three critical pillars: intelligent perception, intelligent control, and intelligent operation. Key enabling technologies, such as ubiquitous sensing systems, advanced control algorithms, and automated operation platforms, are examined in detail. Additionally, two representative engineering cases are introduced to demonstrate practical applications and benefits: the intelligent control of coal-fired units coupled with novel energy-storage systems and the implementation of unmanned operation in smart power plants. These projects highlight the transformative potential of intelligent technologies in enhancing the flexibility, efficiency, and autonomy of coal-fired power units. Finally, future perspectives on intelligent technologies are presented. The findings of this study offer valuable insights into the pathway toward clean, flexible, and intelligent coal-based power generation in an evolving energy landscape.