Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Full-Domain Coupler: A Wireless Native Neural Backbone for Channel Representation and Deduction","authors":"Zirui Chen, Ziqing Xing, Zhaoyang Zhang, Hongning Ruan, Yuzhi Yang, Zhaohui Yang, Chongwen Huang, Mérouane Debbah","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2026.09.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2026.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"Data representation is a fundamental issue in deep learning. However, as wireless data scale and deeply couple across many physical domains such as time, space, and frequency, existing wireless artificial intelligence (AI) technologies lack dedicated representation solutions. Instead, they mainly rely on stitching general-purpose networks, a “tool-driven” paradigm that inevitably results in structural redundancy and bottlenecks in information flow. To fill this gap, this paper proposes Coupler, a wireless native-AI neural backbone designed for the representation learning of channel state information—the pivotal data in wireless systems. Leveraging the physical insights revealed by channel tensors, Coupler decomposes representation learning into individual domains on a layer-by-layer basis and then couples the learned domain-specific features through a dimension-staggered cascade. This full-domain interleaved learning architecture enables superior parameter efficiency and fine-grained multi-domain feature fusion. Based on this backbone, we use complex-domain multilayer perceptrons as spatial and frequency domain learners, while employing three optional mechanisms—convolution, attention, or gating—to capture temporal dependencies. This results in a series of efficient and extremely lightweight channel learning schemes with diverse functionalities, showcasing the compactness, versatility, and flexibility of Coupler. We evaluate these schemes on channel deduction, a general representation task encompassing channel estimation, interpolation, prediction, and feedback. Extensive experimental evaluations validate the significant performance gains and robust applicability, even for real-world measured data, demonstrating Coupler’s potential as a promising basic architecture in the design of wireless foundation models.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149123614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Humanistic Engineering: Why Hybrid Human–AI Cognition Creates a Structural Demand for the Humanities","authors":"Pier Luigi Sacco","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2026.09.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2026.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evasive Guidance Law Against Proportional Navigation Considering Dynamic Lag","authors":"Mengke Zhao, Libing Hou, Heng Shi, Luhua Yang, Minchi Kuang, Jihong Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2026.08.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2026.08.026","url":null,"abstract":"Terminal-phase evasion serves as a last-resort measure to improve target survivability against missile threats, motivating analytical evasive guidance laws that are both transparent and deployable. However, existing approaches either idealize the target maneuver as a zero-lag input or rely on adjoint integration for online command generation, thereby hindering full exploitation of evasive potential. To address this, an analytical bang-bang evasive guidance law against proportional-navigation (PN)-guided missiles is proposed in this paper, which explicitly incorporates first-order target dynamics and determines the switching direction without online adjoint integration. The key idea is to derive an analytical adjoint representation of this dynamic-lag-aware engagement model and express the associated switching function as a convergent power series, thereby enabling an error-controlled finite-order realization for low-complexity evaluation. Two special cases, corresponding to integer PN gains and matched target-missile time constants, are also derived for further simplification. Representative simulations validate numerical consistency with the adjoint-integration baseline at substantially lower runtime and demonstrate an average miss-distance gain exceeding 2 m over the zero-lag formulation, with broader applicability indicated by Monte Carlo analysis and a three-dimensional (3D) realistic engagement. Hardware deployment on a TMS320F28377D flight controller achieves an approximately 50-fold speedup within typical flight-control timing budgets, supporting practical real-time onboard implementation.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanomaterial-Mediated Clearance of Circulating Cell-Free DNA Reduces Periodontitis-Associated Arterial Thrombosis","authors":"Xuanzhi Zhu, Jinting Ge, Chengxin Weng, Quanxin Ning, Yuhan Qi, Suwan Ding, Huiyi Liang, Biao Jing, Xiao Chen, Shouzheng Cheng, Jichun Zhao, Ding Yuan, Tiehao Wang, Huawei Zhang, Fangman Chen, Bing Shi, Lei Zhao, Xianglong Han, Yafei Wu, Dan Shao, Kam W. Leong, Hanyao Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2026.09.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2026.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"Patients with periodontitis exhibit heightened susceptibility to arterial thrombosis, predisposing them to severe cardiovascular events. Gaining insights into the immune mediators linking periodontitis to arterial thrombosis is critical for developing targeted therapeutic strategies. In this study, we demonstrated that elevated plasma levels of cell-free DNA (cfDNA), a key immune mediator, were significantly associated with periodontitis severity, as indicated by increased clinical attachment loss and elevated gingival index scores. Using a combination of human clinical samples and animal models, our research identified a key mechanistic pathway: Periodontitis-induced circulating cfDNA activates Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) signaling, which subsequently triggers platelet activation and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation to synergistically drive procoagulant responses. <ce:italic>In vivo</ce:italic>, periodontitis exacerbated arterial thrombus formation and compromised vascular perfusion. Hypothesizing that targeting the cfDNA–TLR9–NET axis would help mitigate periodontitis-promoted thrombosis, biodegradable nanomaterials with a cationic surface were engineered to efficiently clear circulating cfDNA. Administration of these cfDNA scavengers suppressed platelet activation and NETosis both <ce:italic>in vitro</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>in vivo</ce:italic>, reduced arterial thrombus burden, and restored vascular perfusion. These functional improvements were accompanied by attenuation of the cfDNA–TLR9–NET cascade and upregulation of vascular contractile gene signatures. These insights highlight the cfDNA–TLR9–NET axis as a potent link between oral and vascular inflammation, offering a promising therapeutic framework to mitigate arterial thrombotic risk in patients with periodontitis.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward Reliable Asynchronous Brain–Computer Interfaces via Periodic–Aperiodic Feature Integration","authors":"Fuzhi Cao, Fulong Wang, Zhibang Yue, Xiangrui Kong, Ming Li, Miaowen Jiang, Shiqiang Zheng, Xunming Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2026.08.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2026.08.025","url":null,"abstract":"Asynchronous brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) enable users to initiate commands at will, offering a more natural and flexible interaction paradigm compared with conventional synchronous systems. However, accurately distinguishing between intentional control (IC) and non-control (NC) states remains a critical challenge, particularly in noninvasive steady-state visual evoked response (SSVER)-based BCIs. Existing approaches either rely on stimulus-locked periodic features or incorporate auxiliary physiological signals, but their performance is often limited by response variability, nonstationarity, and reduced practicality. In this study, we propose a unified framework that jointly leverages periodic and aperiodic features of neural signals (UFPAF) to enhance state recognition in asynchronous BCIs. Specifically, the proposed method integrates SSVER-based periodic features with aperiodic characteristics derived from the 1/<ce:italic>f</ce:italic>-like structure of the power spectrum, enabling a more comprehensive representation of brain activity. We evaluate the proposed framework through extensive offline experiments on both electroencephalography (EEG) and optically pumped magnetometer-based magnetoencephalography (OPM-MEG) data, comparing it with four representative methods, and through online validation in real-time brain-controlled spelling and virtual vehicle control tasks. The results demonstrate that incorporating aperiodic information significantly improves detection accuracy and robustness, particularly under conditions of weak responses and signal variability. These findings underscore the importance of jointly modeling periodic and aperiodic neural dynamics and suggest that the proposed approach provides a promising solution for achieving reliable and naturalistic asynchronous BCI systems.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"110 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI Systems and the Future of Research: Ten Observations on a New Human–AI Partnership","authors":"Bashir M. Al-Hashimi, Nicholas R Jennings","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2026.08.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2026.08.019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"500 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148884514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stage-Specific Polymerization Mechanisms in Bio-Tar Unveiled by Single-Functional Model-Compounds: Dominant Roles of Unsaturated Oxygen Moieties","authors":"Yuxuan Sun,&nbsp;Lixin Zhao,&nbsp;Huiyan Zhang,&nbsp;Hui Zhou,&nbsp;Lili Huo,&nbsp;Jixiu Jia,&nbsp;Zonglu Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2026.02.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2026.02.034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bio-tar, a byproduct of biomass pyrolysis, poses environmental and processing challenges owing to its tendency to clog pipelines and its ecotoxicity. Converting bio-tar into functional carbon materials offers a sustainable route for waste valorization; however, the underlying thermal polymerization mechanisms remain poorly understood. Herein, we present a single-functional model-compound-assisted analytical strategy to elucidate reaction pathways and polymerization mechanisms in multifunctional group coupling systems. By constructing a model bio-tar (M-bio-tar) that reflects the chemical heterogeneity of real samples, we uncover a temperature-dependent, stage-specific polymerization mechanism comprising volatile release (≤ 200 °C), radical-driven crosslinking polymerization (200–400 °C), and carbon skeleton consolidation (≥ 300 °C). Radical dynamics involving alkyl and hydroxyl radicals (R^• and HO^•) are key contributors to crosslinking processes, while oxygenated intermediates, such as aldehydes and furans, enhance polymerization efficiency via synergistic Diels–Alder and cyclization reactions. Structural evolution analyses reveal temperature-dependent trade-offs among graphitization, dehydrogenation, and porosity development. Temperature-mediated graphitization and heteroatom elimination result in bio-carbons with tunable physicochemical properties. Thermodynamic calculations support the proposed oxygen-regulated reaction pathways and reveal the catalytic roles of unsaturated functionalities. These findings establish a mechanistic framework for engineering bio-tar-derived carbon materials that integrates biomass utilization and advanced material design, thereby advancing the rational development of sustainable carbon materials for energy and environmental applications within a circular bioeconomy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"64 ","pages":"Pages 360-371"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149071829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atomization Index to Bridge the Physicochemical Properties of Polymer–Surfactant Adjuvants and Multivariate Spray Metrics: Guiding Pesticide Formulation Efficient Design","authors":"Peng Hu,&nbsp;Ruirui Zhang,&nbsp;Liping Chen,&nbsp;Longlong Li,&nbsp;Qing Tang,&nbsp;Andrew J. Hewitt","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2026.04.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2026.04.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pesticide spraying is a primary approach for the chemical management of pests, diseases, and weeds. The efficient design of formulations and their accurate application constitute a systems engineering problem that combines formulation chemistry, application technology, and agronomic practice. The droplet size distribution (DSD), which is determined by the physicochemical properties of the formulation during atomization, has a direct influence on deposition efficiency, drift potential, and control performance. Conventional atomization indicators, such as volume median diameter (VMD), Sauter mean diameter (<em>D</em>₃₂), and relative span (RS), do not adequately provide a quantitative connection between the physicochemical properties of formulations and the droplet size spectrum needed for effective biological control. A comprehensive atomization quality index that incorporates formulation properties and the optimal droplet size is therefore urgently required. To fill this gap, five atomization parameters, relative diffusion ratio (RD), RS, fractal dimension (FD), drift droplet proportion (<em>V</em>₁₅₀, ≤ 150 μm diameter), and <em>D</em>_v0.5 (also referred to as the VMD), were chosen to construct the atomization bridging index (ABI). The ABI allows a comprehensive quantitative assessment of atomization quality and shows a strong correlation with the physicochemical microstructure of the formulation. The analysis indicates that micelle–polymer complexes generated through polymer–surfactant interactions markedly improve the ABI by jointly lowering dynamic surface tension (DST) and increasing viscosity. The evaluation findings show that the associative polyethylene oxide (PEO)/sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) system demonstrates outstanding performance over a broad pressure range. At 250 kPa, the PEO/SDS system at 1× the critical micelle concentration (CMC) reaches the highest ABI value, corresponding to the Class I category, and is therefore recommended as the optimal spraying system. Overall, ABI establishes a robust physicochemical-spray linkage framework and provides new guidance for identifying key formulation parameters in pesticide adjuvant design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"64 ","pages":"Pages 372-388"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149071878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclic Construction and Load Redistribution in Steel-Ultra-High-Performance Concrete Composite Arch Using Optimized Sliding Connectors","authors":"Guang He,&nbsp;Xudong Shao,&nbsp;Suiwen Wu,&nbsp;Junhui Cao,&nbsp;Xudong Zhao,&nbsp;Wenyong Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.05.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.05.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The proposed steel-ultra-high-performance concrete composite truss (SUCT) arch bridge addresses three major technical problems of conventional arch bridges and extends the span to 600–1000 m. An intelligent cyclic construction method and an automated sliding connector are proposed for the SUCT arch ring to reduce construction costs and mitigate stress superposition. This method involves multiple closures of the arch ring from inside to outside. This paper introduces the cyclic construction method, compares it with existing methods, and investigates the mechanical behavior and load distribution of the arch ring through experimental analysis in both slidable and locked states of the sliding connectors. An optimized design for sliding connectors was also developed. The results indicate that the cyclic construction method offers distinct advantages over traditional techniques, ensuring the construction feasibility of SUCT arch bridges. The sliding connectors released most vertical shear forces, and the corresponding bending moments were transferred to the inner arch. Consequently, approximately 10% of the load was transferred to the inner arch, representing approximately 20% of the load in the locked state. However, approximately 25.5% of the negative bending moments were transferred to the inner arch in spring conditions. During the arch ring’s asymmetric loading process, the inner arch’s left spring cracked and crushed before the outer arch due to stress superposition. By optimizing the sliding surface to a vertical orientation (0°) and lubricating the sliding plate and chute, negative bending moments and vertical loads were effectively isolated from the inner arch, eliminating stress superposition and significantly enhancing crack resistance and load-bearing capacity. With the optimized design, the load borne by the innermost arch was reduced to 48% and 85% compared to the non-sliding connector scheme and the original design. Furthermore, the load distribution across all truss arch rows was uniform. These findings advance both the theoretical understanding and practical implementation of innovative arch bridge construction, offering insights for the infrastructure sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"64 ","pages":"Pages 258-274"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144202390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consolidating the Foundations of Molecular Chemical Engineering","authors":"Weiqiang Tang,&nbsp;Xiaofei Xu,&nbsp;Qian Sun,&nbsp;Shuangliang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2026.07.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2026.07.016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"64 ","pages":"Pages 65-69"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149071223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}