Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Programmable Quasi-Zero-Stiffness Metamaterials","authors":"Wenlong Liu ,&nbsp;Sen Yan ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Meng ,&nbsp;Lingling Wu ,&nbsp;Yong Xu ,&nbsp;Jie Chen ,&nbsp;Jingbo Sun ,&nbsp;Ji Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.11.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.11.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quasi-zero-stiffness (QZS) metamaterials have attracted significant interest for application in low-frequency vibration isolation. However, previous work has been limited by the design mechanism of QZS metamaterials, as it is still difficult to achieve a simplified structure suitable for practical engineering applications. Here, we introduce a class of programmable QZS metamaterials and a novel design mechanism that address this long-standing difficulty. The proposed QZS metamaterials are formed by an array of representative unit cells (RUCs) with the expected QZS features, where the QZS features of the RUC are tailored by means of a structural bionic mechanism. In our experiments, we validate the QZS features exhibited by the RUCs, the programmable QZS behavior, and the potential promising applications of these programmable QZS metamaterials in low-frequency vibration isolation. The obtained results could inspire a new class of programmable QZS metamaterials for low-frequency vibration isolation in current and future mechanical and other engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 160-167"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Energy Drives the Growth and Carbon Fixation of Electroactive Microorganisms","authors":"Guoping Ren ,&nbsp;Jie Ye ,&nbsp;Lu Liu ,&nbsp;Andong Hu ,&nbsp;Kenneth H. Nealson ,&nbsp;Christopher Rensing ,&nbsp;Shungui Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phototrophy and chemotrophy are two dominant types of microbial metabolism. However, to date, the potential of the ubiquitous and versatile mechanical energy as a renewable energy source to drive the growth of microorganisms has remained unknown and not utilized. Here, we present evidence in favor of a previously unidentified metabolic pathway, in which the electronic energy produced from mechanical energy by the piezoelectric materials is used to support the growth of microorganisms. When electroactive microorganism <em>Rhodopseudomonas palustris</em> (<em>R. palustris</em>; with barium titanate nanoparticles) was mechanically stirred, a powerful biohybrid piezoelectric effect (BPE) enabled sustainable carbon fixation coupled with nitrate reduction. Transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that mechanical stirring of the bacteria–barium titanate biohybrid led to upregulation of genes encoding functions involved in electron and energy transfer in <em>R. palustris</em>. Studies with other electroactive microorganisms suggested that the ability of microbes to utilize BPE may be a common phenomenon in the microbial world. Taken together, these findings imply a long-neglected and potentially important microbial metabolic pathway, with potential importance to microbial survival in the energy-limited environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 194-203"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Anthropocene Is Dead—Long Live the Anthropocene","authors":"Katherine Bourzac (Senior Technology Writer)","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 6-7"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Change Hammers Hydropower","authors":"Mitch Leslie (Senior Technology Writer)","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 11-13"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, Performance, and Applications of AMMIS: A Novel Airborne Multimodular Imaging Spectrometer for High-Resolution Earth Observations","authors":"Jianxin Jia ,&nbsp;Yueming Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaorou Zheng ,&nbsp;Liyin Yuan ,&nbsp;Chunlai Li ,&nbsp;Yi Cen ,&nbsp;Fuqi Si ,&nbsp;Gang Lv ,&nbsp;Chongru Wang ,&nbsp;Shengwei Wang ,&nbsp;Changxing Zhang ,&nbsp;Dong Zhang ,&nbsp;Daogang He ,&nbsp;Xiaoqiong Zhuang ,&nbsp;Guicheng Han ,&nbsp;Mingyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Juha Hyyppä ,&nbsp;Jianyu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Airborne hyperspectral imaging spectrometers have been used for Earth observation over the past four decades. Despite the high sensitivity of push-broom hyperspectral imagers, they experience limited swath and wavelength coverage. In this study, we report the development of a push-broom airborne multimodular imaging spectrometer (AMMIS) that spans ultraviolet (UV), visible near-infrared (VNIR), shortwave infrared (SWIR), and thermal infrared (TIR) wavelengths. As an integral part of China’s High-Resolution Earth Observation Program, AMMIS is intended for civilian applications and for validating key technologies for future spaceborne hyperspectral payloads. It has been mounted on aircraft platforms such as Y-5, Y-12, and XZ-60. Since 2016, AMMIS has been used to perform more than 30 flight campaigns and gather more than 200 TB of hyperspectral data. This study describes the system design, calibration techniques, performance tests, flight campaigns, and applications of the AMMIS. The system integrates UV, VNIR, SWIR, and TIR modules, which can be operated in combination or individually based on the application requirements. Each module includes three spectrometers, utilizing field-of-view (FOV) stitching technology to achieve a 40° FOV, thereby enhancing operational efficiency. We designed advanced optical systems for all modules, particularly for the TIR module, and employed cryogenic optical technology to maintain optical system stability at 100 K. Both laboratory and in-flight calibrations were conducted to improve preprocessing accuracy and produce high-quality hyperspectral data. The AMMIS features more than 1400 spectral bands, with spectral sampling intervals of 0.1 nm for UV, 2.4 nm for VNIR, 3 nm for SWIR, and 32 nm for TIR. In addition, the instantaneous fields of view (IFoVs) for the four modules were 0.5, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mrad, respectively, with the VNIR module achieving an IFoV of 0.125 mrad in the high-spatial-resolution mode. This study reports on land-cover surveys, pollution gas detection, mineral exploration, coastal water detection, and plant investigations conducted using AMMIS, highlighting its excellent performance. Furthermore, we present three hyperspectral datasets with diverse scene distributions and categories suitable for developing artificial intelligence algorithms. This study paves the way for next-generation airborne and spaceborne hyperspectral payloads and serves as a valuable reference for hyperspectral sensor designers and data users.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 38-56"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquid Metal-Enabled Synergetic Cooling and Charging of Superhigh Current","authors":"Chuanke Liu,&nbsp;Maolin Li,&nbsp;Daiwei Hu,&nbsp;Yi Zheng,&nbsp;Lingxiao Cao,&nbsp;Zhizhu He","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.11.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.11.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-power direct current fast charging (DC-HPC), particularly for megawatt-level charging currents (≥ 1000 A), is expected to significantly reduce charging time and improve electric vehicle durability, despite the risk of instantaneous thermal shocks. Conventional cooling methods, which separately transmit current and heat, struggle to achieve both flexible maneuverability and high-efficiency cooling. In this study, we present a synergetic cooling and transmission strategy using a gallium-based liquid metal flexible charging connector (LMFCC), which efficiently dissipates ultra-high heat flux while simultaneously carrying superhigh current. The LMFCC exhibits exceptional flexible operability (bending radius of 2 cm) and transmission stability even under significant deformation owing to the excellent liquidity and conductivity of liquid metal (LM). These properties are markedly better than those of solid metal connector. A compact induction electromagnet-driven method is optimized to significantly increase the LM flow rate and the active cooling capacity, resulting in sudden low temperature (&lt; 16 °C at 1000 A). This synergetic cooling and charging strategy are expected to enable ultrahigh-heat-flux thermal management and accelerate development of the electric vehicle industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 117-129"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocompatible Protein/Liquid Metal Hydrogel-Enabled Wearable Electronics for Monitoring Marine Inhabitants’ Health","authors":"Lidong Wu ,&nbsp;Jinxue Zhao ,&nbsp;Yuanxin Li ,&nbsp;Haiyang Qin ,&nbsp;Xuejing Zhai ,&nbsp;Peiyi Li ,&nbsp;Yang Li ,&nbsp;Yingnan Liu ,&nbsp;Ningyue Chen ,&nbsp;Yuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.12.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.12.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wearable electronics incorporating proteins for biocompatibility have garnered significant research attention, given their potential applications in biocompatible medical devices, artificial skin, humanoid robots, and other fields. However, a notable challenge exists, as many wearable electronics currently lack those essential properties due to issues such as non-biological compatibility, as well as insufficient mechanical and conductive performance. Here, we have developed a hybrid keratin (KE) hydrogel by incorporating a liquid metal (LM, eutectic gallium-indium alloy) to design a wearable electronic device with excellent biocompatibility, enhanced conductivity, and good mechanical properties. The resulting keratin liquid metal (KELM) hydrogel demonstrates favorable mechanical characteristics, including good tensile strength (166 kPa), impressive stretchability (2600%), and long-term stability. Furthermore, it exhibits good conductivity (6.84 S∙m⁻¹) and sensitivity as a sensing material (gauge factor (GF) = 7.03), rendering it suitable for constructing high-performance strain sensors. Notably, the KELM hydrogel-based wearable electronics extend their functionality to monitoring marine inhabitants’ health. This innovative application provides new insights for designing the next generation of biomimetic electronic devices, with potential applications in human-machine interfaces, electronic skin, artificial intelligence, and health monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 213-221"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Interface of Gene Editing with Regenerative Medicine","authors":"Veronica E. Farag ,&nbsp;Elsie A. Devey ,&nbsp;Kam W. Leong","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.10.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.10.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The potential of regenerative medicine in the clinical space is vast, given its ability to repair and replace damaged tissues, restore lost functions due to age or disease, and transform personalized therapy. Traditional regenerative medicine and tissue engineering strategies have created specialized tissues using progenitor cells and various biological stimuli. To date, there are many US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved regenerative medicine therapies, such as those for wound healing and orthopedic injuries. Nonetheless, these therapies face challenges, including off-target effects, a lack of precision, and failure to target the disease or injury at its origin. In search of novel, precise, and efficient alternatives, the regenerative medicine landscape is shifting towards genome engineering technologies, particularly gene editing. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based gene editing systems enable precise knock-ins, knockouts, transcriptional activation and repression, as well as specific base conversions. This advancement has allowed researchers to treat genetic and degenerative diseases, control cell fate for highly regulated tissue repair, and enhance tissue functions. In this review, we explore the progress and future prospects of CRISPR technologies in regenerative medicine, focusing on how gene editing has led to advanced therapeutic applications and served as a versatile research tool for understanding tissue development and disease progression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 73-100"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Multi-Objective Scheduling for Distributed Heterogeneous Hybrid Flow Shops with Blocking Constraints","authors":"Xueyan Sun ,&nbsp;Weiming Shen ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Fan ,&nbsp;Birgit Vogel-Heuser ,&nbsp;Fandi Bi ,&nbsp;Chunjiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.11.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.11.033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates a distributed heterogeneous hybrid blocking flow-shop scheduling problem (DHHBFSP) designed to minimize the total tardiness and total energy consumption simultaneously, and proposes an improved proximal policy optimization (IPPO) method to make real-time decisions for the DHHBFSP. A multi-objective Markov decision process is modeled for the DHHBFSP, where the reward function is represented by a vector with dynamic weights instead of the common objective-related scalar value. A factory agent (FA) is formulated for each factory to select unscheduled jobs and is trained by the proposed IPPO to improve the decision quality. Multiple FAs work asynchronously to allocate jobs that arrive randomly at the shop. A two-stage training strategy is introduced in the IPPO, which learns from both single- and dual-policy data for better data utilization. The proposed IPPO is tested on randomly generated instances and compared with variants of the basic proximal policy optimization (PPO), dispatch rules, multi-objective metaheuristics, and multi-agent reinforcement learning methods. Extensive experimental results suggest that the proposed strategies offer significant improvements to the basic PPO, and the proposed IPPO outperforms the state-of-the-art scheduling methods in both convergence and solution quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 278-291"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black Phosphorus and E7-Functionalized Sulfonated Polyetheretherketone with Effective Osteogenicity and Antibacterial Activity","authors":"Xiao Wang ,&nbsp;Shuning Zhang ,&nbsp;Ai Zhu ,&nbsp;Lingyan Cao ,&nbsp;Long Xu ,&nbsp;Junjie Wang ,&nbsp;Fei Zheng ,&nbsp;Xiangkai Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongyan Chen ,&nbsp;Xinquan Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given its excellent biological properties and the matching of its elastic modulus with that of human bone tissue, medical polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is considered a desirable candidate for bone-implant materials. However, its poor osseointegrative and antibacterial properties greatly limit its clinical application. To address these concerns, a functional PEEK implant is needed. Herein, a novel photo-responsive multifunctional PEEK-based implant material (sPEEK/BP/E7) with both effective osteogenesis and good disinfection properties was constructed via the self-assembly of black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets, mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA), and bioactive short peptide E7 on sulfonated PEEK (sPEEK). The versatile micro-/nano-structured PEEK surface provides superior hydrophilicity, a favorable osteogenic microenvironment, and excellent photothermal effects under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. The <em>in vitro</em> results showed that sPEEK/BP/E7 displays enhanced cytocompatibility and osteogenicity in terms of cell adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, matrix mineralization, and osteogenesis-related gene expression, superior to those of the sPEEK and sPEEK/BP samples. In addition to osteogenesis, the multifunctional coating exhibited strong antibacterial activity against both <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>S. aureus</em>) and <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>). Furthermore, it was confirmed in a rat femoral infection model that sPEEK/BP/E7 effectively resisted infection caused by <em>S. aureus</em> under NIR light irradiation and promoted osseointegration <em>in vivo</em>. Thus, this work presents a facile strategy to realize improvement of the “functional integration” of new polymer bone–implant materials and provide new ideas for their clinical application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 147-161"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}