Leveraging Battery Electric-Bus Charging Networks for Resilient Shared EV Charging via Deep Reinforcement Learning

IF 11.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Zhengke Liu, Yunpeng Wang, Sonia Yeh, Patrick Plötz, Bin Yu, Xiaolei Ma
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Abstract

The rapid electrification of urban transportation has increased dependence on public electric-vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure, making it more vulnerable to frequent and severe disruptions. To address this issue, this study proposes utilizing underused battery electric-bus (BEB) charging networks by dynamically reallocating surplus depot chargers for public EV charging. We introduce an adaptive shared-charging coordination framework to increase the resilience of public charging services. This coordination problem is formulated as a Markov decision process (MDP) that jointly optimizes BEB charging schedules and shared charger allocation under uncertainty. To enable real-time decision-making without requiring precise forecasts of future system states, an on-policy deep reinforcement-learning (DRL) approach based on the asynchronous advantage actor-critic (A3C) algorithm is developed. A case study using real-world data from Beijing during a major urban flood demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive shared-charging coordination framework. The results reveal that our approach significantly mitigates degradation in public charging service performance, accelerates recovery to normal operating levels, enhances user accessibility, and supports grid stability. Under an extreme scenario with only 25% of public chargers operational, the proposed strategy limits revenue losses to just 3.49%, compared with losses of 53.34% under conventional operations. Additionally, the A3C-based approach demonstrates notable training efficiency and achieves a favorable balance between short-term responsiveness and long-term system performance when benchmarked against a perfect-information optimization model, proximal policy optimization (PPO), and a greedy heuristic. These findings highlight the substantial potential of BEB charging networks as critical resilience resources for urban public EV charging infrastructure during extreme disruption events.
基于深度强化学习的电动汽车充电网络弹性共享充电
城市交通的快速电气化增加了对公共电动汽车(EV)充电基础设施的依赖,使其更容易受到频繁和严重的中断。为了解决这一问题,本研究提出通过动态重新分配剩余的电动汽车充电桩来利用未充分利用的电动汽车充电网络。我们引入了一个自适应共享收费协调框架,以提高公共收费服务的弹性。该协调问题被表述为一个马尔可夫决策过程(MDP),在不确定的情况下,共同优化电动汽车充电计划和共享充电器的分配。为了在不需要精确预测未来系统状态的情况下实现实时决策,开发了一种基于异步优势参与者-批评者(A3C)算法的策略上深度强化学习(DRL)方法。利用北京特大城市洪水的真实数据进行的案例研究证明了所提出的自适应共享收费协调框架的有效性。结果表明,我们的方法显著减轻了公共充电服务性能的退化,加速恢复到正常运行水平,增强了用户的可访问性,并支持电网稳定性。在只有25%的公共充电器投入运营的极端情况下,拟议的战略将收入损失限制在3.49%,而传统运营的损失为53.34%。此外,当与完美信息优化模型、近端策略优化(PPO)和贪婪启发式进行基准测试时,基于a3c的方法显示出显著的训练效率,并在短期响应性和长期系统性能之间取得了良好的平衡。这些发现突出了BEB充电网络在极端中断事件中作为城市公共电动汽车充电基础设施关键弹性资源的巨大潜力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Engineering
Engineering Environmental Science-Environmental Engineering
自引率
1.60%
发文量
335
审稿时长
35 days
期刊介绍: Engineering, an international open-access journal initiated by the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) in 2015, serves as a distinguished platform for disseminating cutting-edge advancements in engineering R&D, sharing major research outputs, and highlighting key achievements worldwide. The journal's objectives encompass reporting progress in engineering science, fostering discussions on hot topics, addressing areas of interest, challenges, and prospects in engineering development, while considering human and environmental well-being and ethics in engineering. It aims to inspire breakthroughs and innovations with profound economic and social significance, propelling them to advanced international standards and transforming them into a new productive force. Ultimately, this endeavor seeks to bring about positive changes globally, benefit humanity, and shape a new future.
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