Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Intelligent Photonics: A Disruptive Technology to Shape the Present and Redefine the Future","authors":"Danlin Xu,&nbsp;Yuchen Ma,&nbsp;Guofan Jin,&nbsp;Liangcai Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial intelligence (AI) has taken breathtaking leaps forward in recent years, evolving into a strategic technology for pioneering the future. The growing demand for computing power—especially in demanding inference tasks, exemplified by generative AI models such as ChatGPT—poses challenges for conventional electronic computing systems. Advances in photonics technology have ignited interest in investigating photonic computing as a promising AI computing modality. Through the profound fusion of AI and photonics technologies, intelligent photonics is developing as an emerging interdisciplinary field with significant potential to revolutionize practical applications. Deep learning, as a subset of AI, presents efficient avenues for optimizing photonic design, developing intelligent optical systems, and performing optical data processing and analysis. Employing AI in photonics can empower applications such as smartphone cameras, biomedical microscopy, and virtual and augmented reality displays. Conversely, leveraging photonics-based devices and systems for the physical implementation of neural networks enables high speed and low energy consumption. Applying photonics technology in AI computing is expected to have a transformative impact on diverse fields, including optical communications, automatic driving, and astronomical observation. Here, recent advances in intelligent photonics are presented from the perspective of the synergy between deep learning and metaphotonics, holography, and quantum photonics. This review also spotlights relevant applications and offers insights into challenges and prospects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 186-213"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electron Transfer Pathways and Vanadium Isotope Fractionation During Microbially Mediated Vanadate Reduction","authors":"Wenyue Yan ,&nbsp;Baogang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yi’na Li ,&nbsp;Jianping Lu ,&nbsp;Yangmei Fei ,&nbsp;Shungui Zhou ,&nbsp;Hailiang Dong ,&nbsp;Fang Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbial vanadate (V(V)) reduction is a key process for environmental geochemistry and detoxification of vanadium (V). However, the electron transfer pathways and V isotope fractionation involved in this process are not yet fully understood. In this study, the V(V) reduction mechanisms with concomitant V isotope fractionation by the Gram-positive bacterium <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> (<em>B. subtilis</em>) and the Gram-negative bacterium <em>Thauera humireducens</em> (<em>T. humireducens</em>) were investigated. Both strains could effectively reduce V(V), removing (90.5% ± 1.6%) and (93.0% ± 1.8%) of V(V) respectively from an initial concentration of 50 mg·L⁻¹ during a 10-day incubation period. V(V) was bioreduced to insoluble vanadium (IV), which was distributed both inside and outside the cells. Electron transfer via cytochrome C, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and glutathione played critical roles in V(V) reduction. Metabolomic analysis showed that differentially enriched metabolites (quinone, biotin, and riboflavin) mediated electron transfer in both strains. The aqueous V in the remaining solution became isotopically heavier as V(V) bioreduction proceeded. The obtained V isotope composition dynamics followed a Rayleigh fractionation model, and the isotope enrichment factor (<em>ε</em>) was (–0.54‰ ± 0.04‰) for <em>B. subtilis</em> and (–0.32‰ ± 0.03‰) for <em>T. humireducens</em>, with an insignificant difference. This study provides molecular insights into electron transfer for V(V) bioreduction and reveals V isotope fractionation during this bioprocess, which is helpful for understanding V biogeochemistry and developing novel strategies for V remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 257-266"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Evaluation of Indoor Transmission-Risk Assessment Metrics for Infectious Diseases","authors":"Inseok Yoon ,&nbsp;Changbum Ahn ,&nbsp;Seungjun Ahn ,&nbsp;Bogyeong Lee ,&nbsp;Jongjik Lee ,&nbsp;Moonseo Park","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.11.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.11.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Governments worldwide have implemented non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to control the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and it is crucial to accurately assess the effectiveness of such measures. Many studies have quantified the risk of infection transmission and used simulations to compare the risk before and after the implementation of NPIs to judge policies’ effectiveness. However, the choice of metric used to quantify the risk can lead to different conclusions regarding the effectiveness of a policy. In this study, we analyze the correlation between different transmission-risk metrics, pedestrian environments, and types of infectious diseases using simulation-generated data. Our findings reveal conflicting results among five different metric types in specific environments. More specifically, we observe that, when the randomness of pedestrian trajectories in indoor spaces is low, the closeness centrality exhibits a higher correlation coefficient with infection-based metrics than with contact-based metrics. Furthermore, even within the same pedestrian environment, the likelihood of discrepancies between infection-based metrics and other metrics increases for infectious diseases with low transmission rates. These results highlight the variability in the measured effectiveness of NPIs depending on the chosen metric. To evaluate NPIs accurately, facility managers should consider the type of facility and infectious disease and not solely rely on a single metric. This study provides a simulation model as a tool for future research and improves the reliability of pedestrian-simulation-based NPI effectiveness analysis methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 306-315"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-Enabled Nanomedicine for Tumor Theranostics","authors":"Kairui Liu ,&nbsp;Boyuan Jing ,&nbsp;Jun Kang ,&nbsp;Lei Han ,&nbsp;Jin Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultrasound-enabled nanomedicine leverages ultrasound to amplify the capabilities of engineered nanosystems, paving the way for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic breakthroughs in conventional nanomedicine. As a burgeoning discipline, past overviews have sometimes offered a fragmented perspective, lacking a comprehensive view. This review presents a systematic exploration of the latest advancements in ultrasound-enabled nanomedicine, with a particular emphasis on oncology. Covered topics include molecular imaging of tumors, separation of tumor markers, penetration through physiological barriers, perforation of cell membranes, targeted drug release and activation strategies, and an array of sonotherapies for oncological treatments. We delve into the research framework of each topic, the foundational design of the nanosystems, and their associated ultrasound activation mechanisms. Moreover, we highlight recent pivotal research aimed at deepening the reader's understanding of this intricate domain. This review underscores the integration of design and foundational theories within ultrasound-enabled nanomedicine, aspiring to ignite advanced theoretical insights and introduce innovative design paradigms. In conclusion, we outline current challenges and prospective research directions. An enhanced focus on these areas will expedite the advancement of ultrasound-enabled nanomedicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 101-129"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140769462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructing Air-Interface Links for Mobile Communications: From {0,1} to [0,1]","authors":"Tao Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 16-22"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lycium barbarum L.-Derived miR162a Functions on Osteoporosis Through Directly Promoting Osteoblast Formation","authors":"Chunyan Gu ,&nbsp;Xichao Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaozhu Tang ,&nbsp;Leilei Gong ,&nbsp;Jingquan Tan ,&nbsp;Yuanjiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Huili Zheng ,&nbsp;Ze Wang ,&nbsp;Chenqian Zhang ,&nbsp;Yejin Zhu ,&nbsp;Zuojian Zhou ,&nbsp;Heming Yu ,&nbsp;Kai Xu ,&nbsp;Jinao Duan ,&nbsp;Xiaosong Gu ,&nbsp;Ye Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can help prevent or treat diseases; however, there are few studies on the active substances of TCM. For example, <em>Lycium barbarum</em> L. has been proven to be effective in treating osteoporosis for thousands of years, but its active substance remains to be unknown. Prompted by the efforts to modernize TCM, the present study focused on the novel active substance of <em>Lycium barbarum</em> L. to reinforce kidney essence to produce bone marrow. Illumina deep sequencing analysis and stem-loop polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay revealed that <em>miR162a</em>, a <em>Lycium barbarum</em> L.-derived microRNA, can pass through the gastrointestinal tract to target the bone marrow in mice. Immunofluorescence staining showed that <em>miR162a</em> was absorbed through systemic RNA interference defective transmembrane family member 1 (SIDT1) in the stomach. Bioinformatics prediction and luciferase reporter assay identified that <em>miR162a</em> targeted <em>nuclear receptor corepressor</em> (<em>NcoR</em>). Alizarin red staining and micro-computed tomography (microCT) confirmed that <em>miR162a</em> promoted osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, zebrafish, and a mouse model of osteoporosis. In addition, transgenic <em>Nicotiana benthamiana</em> (<em>N. benthamiana</em>) leaves overexpressing <em>miR162a</em> were developed by agrobacterium infiltration method. microCT and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining confirmed that transgenic <em>N. benthamiana</em> leaves effectively protected against osteoporosis in mice. Our study mechanistically explains how <em>Lycium barbarum</em> L. improves osteoporosis and supports that <em>Lycium barbarum</em> L. reinforces kidney essence, thereby strengthening the bone. <em>miR162a</em> expressed by transgenic plants may represent a novel and safe treatment for human osteoporosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 162-171"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50164466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Day-Ahead Nonlinear Optimization Scheduling for Industrial Park Energy Systems with Hybrid Energy Storage","authors":"Jiacheng Guo ,&nbsp;Yimo Luo ,&nbsp;Bin Zou ,&nbsp;Jinqing Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid energy storage can enhance the economic performance and reliability of energy systems in industrial parks, while lowering the industrial parks’ carbon emissions and accommodating diverse load demands from users. However, most optimization research on hybrid energy storage has adopted rule-based passive-control principles, failing to fully leverage the advantages of active energy storage. To address this gap in the literature, this study develops a detailed model for an industrial park energy system with hybrid energy storage (IPES-HES), taking into account the operational characteristics of energy devices such as lithium batteries and thermal storage tanks. An active operation strategy for hybrid energy storage is proposed that uses decision variables based on hourly power outputs from the energy storage of the subsequent day. An optimization configuration model for an IPES-HES is formulated with the goals of reducing costs and lowering carbon emissions and is solved using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). A method using the improved NSGA-II is developed for day-ahead nonlinear scheduling, based on configuration optimization. The research findings indicate that the system energy bill and the peak power of the IPES-HES under the optimization-based operational strategy are reduced by 181.4 USD (5.5%) and 1600.3 kW (43.7%), respectively, compared with an operation strategy based on proportional electricity storage on a typical summer day. Overall, the day-ahead nonlinear optimal scheduling method developed in this study offers guidance to fully harness the advantages of active energy storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 331-347"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovations and Progress in Tissue Engineering Theory and Technology","authors":"Xiaosong Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Electrochemical Wastewater Refining","authors":"Na Chu ,&nbsp;Daping Li ,&nbsp;Raymond Jianxiong Zeng ,&nbsp;Yong Jiang ,&nbsp;Peng Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wastewater treatment significantly contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, which are further exacerbated by the environmental impact of external chemical additions. In response, microbial electrochemical wastewater refining has gained prominence at the interdisciplinary frontier of wastewater resource recovery and green bio-manufacturing. Significant progress has been made in utilizing active electrodes to stimulate CO₂ fixation rates, applying “binary electron donors” to produce high-value-added chemicals, and developing novel processes and equipment. This review explores various aspects of microbial electrochemical wastewater refining, including microbial electrochemical monitoring of water quality, chemical synthesis from diverse carbon sources, and the deployment of pilot-scale systems for generating electricity, hydrogen, and methane, as well as for <em>in-situ</em> remediation. Additionally, it discusses the challenges and future directions, highlighting the importance of understanding mechanisms, advancing electrocatalyst and microbial engineering, and innovating hybrid processes. In conclusion, the widespread adoption of microbial electrochemical wastewater refining is emphasized for resource recovery and sustainable chemical production, ultimately reducing environmental impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 245-256"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Enhancement of Mechanical Properties and Electrical Conductivity of Immiscible Bimetal: A Case Study on W–Cu","authors":"Qixiang Duan,&nbsp;Chao Hou,&nbsp;Tielong Han,&nbsp;Yurong Li,&nbsp;Haibin Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Song,&nbsp;Zuoren Nie","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immiscible bimetal systems, of which tungsten–copper (W–Cu) is a typical representative, have crucial applications in fields requiring both mechanical and physical properties. Nevertheless, it is a major challenge to determine how to give full play to the advantages of the two phases of the bimetal and achieve outstanding comprehensive properties. In this study, an ultrafine-grained W–Cu bimetal with spatially connected Cu and specific W islands was fabricated through a designed powder-mixing process and subsequent rapid low-temperature sintering. The prepared bimetal concurrently has a high yield strength, large plastic strain, and high electrical conductivity. The stress distribution and strain response of individual phases in different types of W–Cu bimetals under loading were quantified by means of a simulation. The high yield strength of the reported bimetal results from the microstructure refinement and high contiguity of the grains in the W islands, which enhance the contribution of W to the total plastic deformation of the bimetal. The high electrical conductivity is attributed to the increased mean free path of the Cu and the reduced proportion of phase boundaries due to the specific phase combination of W islands and Cu. This work provides new insight into modulating phase configuration in immiscible metallic composites to achieve high-level multi-objective properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 224-235"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}