Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Physics Guided Deep Learning-Based Model for Short-Term Origin–Destination Demand Prediction in Urban Rail Transit Systems Under Pandemic","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.04.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.04.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate origin–destination (OD) demand prediction is crucial for the efficient operation and management of urban rail transit (URT) systems, particularly during a pandemic. However, this task faces several limitations, including real-time availability, sparsity, and high-dimensionality issues, and the impact of the pandemic. Consequently, this study proposes a unified framework called the physics-guided adaptive graph spatial–temporal attention network (PAG-STAN) for metro OD demand prediction under pandemic conditions. Specifically, PAG-STAN introduces a real-time OD estimation module to estimate real-time complete OD demand matrices. Subsequently, a novel dynamic OD demand matrix compression module is proposed to generate dense real-time OD demand matrices. Thereafter, PAG-STAN leverages various heterogeneous data to learn the evolutionary trend of future OD ridership during the pandemic. Finally, a masked physics-guided loss function (MPG-loss function) incorporates the physical quantity information between the OD demand and inbound flow into the loss function to enhance model interpretability. PAG-STAN demonstrated favorable performance on two real-world metro OD demand datasets under the pandemic and conventional scenarios, highlighting its robustness and sensitivity for metro OD demand prediction. A series of ablation studies were conducted to verify the indispensability of each module in PAG-STAN.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 276-296"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141130833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Targeting of PKM2 Ameliorates NASH Fibrosis Progression in a Macrophage-Specific and Liver-Specific Manner","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) may soon become the leading cause of end-stage liver disease worldwide with limited treatment options. Liver fibrosis, which is driven by chronic inflammation and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, critically determines morbidity and mortality in patients with NASH. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is involved in immune activation and inflammatory liver diseases; however, its role and therapeutic potential in NASH-related fibrosis remain largely unexplored. Bioinformatics screening and analysis of human and murine NASH livers indicated that PKM2 was upregulated in nonparenchymal cells (NPCs), especially macrophages, in the livers of patients with fibrotic NASH. Macrophage-specific PKM2 knockout (<em>PKM2^FL/FLLysM-Cre</em>) significantly ameliorated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis severity in three distinct NASH models induced by a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet, a high-fat high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet, and a western diet plus weekly carbon tetrachloride injection (WD/CCl₄). Single-cell transcriptomic analysis indicated that deletion of PKM2 in macrophages reduced profibrotic Ly6C^high macrophage infiltration. Mechanistically, PKM2-dependent glycolysis promoted NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) activation in proinflammatory macrophages, which induced HSC activation and fibrogenesis. A pharmacological PKM2 agonist efficiently attenuated the profibrotic crosstalk between macrophages and HSCs <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>. Translationally, ablation of PKM2 in NPCs by cholesterol-conjugated heteroduplex oligonucleotides, a novel oligonucleotide drug that preferentially accumulates in the liver, dose-dependently reversed NASH-related fibrosis without causing observable hepatotoxicity. The present study highlights the pivotal role of macrophage PKM2 in advancing NASH fibrogenesis. Thus, therapeutic modulation of PKM2 in a macrophage-specific or liver-specific manner may serve as a novel strategy to combat NASH-related fibrosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 189-203"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141130875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of an Automatic Ultrawide-Field Fundus Imaging Enhancement System for Facilitating Clinical Diagnosis: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In ophthalmology, the quality of fundus images is critical for accurate diagnosis, both in clinical practice and in artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted diagnostics. Despite the broad view provided by ultrawide-field (UWF) imaging, pseudocolor images may conceal critical lesions necessary for precise diagnosis. To address this, we introduce UWF-Net, a sophisticated image enhancement algorithm that takes disease characteristics into consideration. Using the Fudan University ultra-wide-field image (FDUWI) dataset, which includes 11 294 Optos pseudocolor and 2415 Zeiss true-color UWF images, each of which is rigorously annotated, UWF-Net combines global style modeling with feature-level lesion enhancement. Pathological consistency loss is also applied to maintain fundus feature integrity, significantly improving image quality. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations demonstrated that UWF-Net outperforms existing methods such as contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) and structure and illumination constrained generative adversarial network (StillGAN), delivering superior retinal image quality, higher quality scores, and preserved feature details after enhancement. In disease classification tasks, images enhanced by UWF-Net showed notable improvements when processed with existing classification systems over those enhanced by StillGAN, demonstrating a 4.62% increase in sensitivity (SEN) and a 3.97% increase in accuracy (ACC). In a multicenter clinical setting, UWF-Net-enhanced images were preferred by ophthalmologic technicians and doctors, and yielded a significant reduction in diagnostic time ((13.17 ± 8.40) s for UWF-Net enhanced images vs (19.54 ± 12.40) s for original images) and an increase in diagnostic accuracy (87.71% for UWF-Net enhanced images vs 80.40% for original images). Our research verifies that UWF-Net markedly improves the quality of UWF imaging, facilitating better clinical outcomes and more reliable AI-assisted disease classification. The clinical integration of UWF-Net holds great promise for enhancing diagnostic processes and patient care in ophthalmology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 179-188"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141143824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct Ethylene Purification from Cracking Gas via a Metal–Organic Framework Through Pore Geometry Fitting","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The direct one-step separation of polymer-grade C₂H₄ from complex light hydrocarbon mixtures has high industrial significance but is very challenging. Herein, an ethylene-adsorption-weakening strategy is applied for precise regulation of the pore geometry of four tailor-made metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with pillar-layered structures, dubbed TYUT-10/11/12/13. Based on its pore geometry design and functional group regulation, TYUT-12 exhibits exceptional selective adsorption selectivity toward C₃H₈, C₃H₆, C₂H₆, C₂H₂, and CO₂ over C₂H₄; its C₂H₆/C₂H₄ adsorption selectivity reaches 4.56, surpassing the record value of 4.4 by Fe₂(O₂)(dobdc) (dobdc⁴⁻ = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate). The weak π–π stacking binding affinity toward C₂H₄ in TYUT-12 is clearly demonstrated through a combination of neutron powder diffraction measurements and theoretical calculations. Breakthrough experiments demonstrate that C₂H₄ can be directly obtained from binary, ternary, quaternary, and six-component light hydrocarbon mixtures with over 99.95% purity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 84-92"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140271310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovations Not Enough—Yet—to Make Headset Market an Actual Reality","authors":"Chris Palmer (Senior Technology Writer)","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 4-6"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Future of Environmental Engineering Technology: A Disruptive Innovation Perspective","authors":"Hui Huang,&nbsp;Junjie Lu,&nbsp;Lili Jin,&nbsp;Hongqiang Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scientific and technological revolutions and industrial transformations have accelerated the rate of innovation in environmental engineering technologies. However, few researchers have evaluated the current status and future trends of technologies. This paper summarizes the current research status in eight major subfields of environmental engineering—water treatment, air pollution control, soil/solid waste management, environmental biotechnology, environmental engineering equipment, emerging contaminants, synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions, and environmental risk and intelligent management—based on bibliometric analysis and future trends in greenization, low carbonization, and intelligentization. Disruptive technologies are further identified based on discontinuous transformation, and ten such technologies are proposed, covering general and specific fields, technical links, and value sources. Additionally, the background and key innovations in disruptive technologies are elucidated in detail. This study not only provides a scientific basis for strategic decision-making, planning, and implementation in the environmental engineering field but also offers methodological guidance for the research and determination of breakthrough technologies in other areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 153-160"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141716096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Status, Challenges, and Prospects for New Types of Aerial Robots","authors":"Xidong Zhou ,&nbsp;Hang Zhong ,&nbsp;Hui Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei He ,&nbsp;Hean Hua ,&nbsp;Yaonan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.05.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>New types of aerial robots (NTARs) have found extensive applications in the military, civilian contexts, scientific research, disaster management, and various other domains. Compared with traditional aerial robots, NTARs exhibit a broader range of morphological diversity, locomotion capabilities, and enhanced operational capacities. Therefore, this study defines aerial robots with the four characteristics of morphability, biomimicry, multi-modal locomotion, and manipulator attachment as NTARs. Subsequently, this paper discusses the latest research progress in the materials and manufacturing technology, actuation technology, and perception and control technology of NTARs. Thereafter, the research status of NTAR systems is summarized, focusing on the frontier development and application cases of flapping-wing micro-air vehicles, perching aerial robots, amphibious robots, and operational aerial robots. Finally, the main challenges presented by NTARs in terms of energy, materials, and perception are analyzed, and the future development trends of NTARs are summarized in terms of size and endurance, mechatronics, and complex scenarios, providing a reference direction for the follow-up exploration of NTARs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 19-34"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of Bubbles and Oil for Microplastic Capture from Water","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.01.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.01.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The removal of microplastics (MPs) from water using oil has shown early promise; however, incorporation of this technique into a feasible <em>in situ</em> method has yet to be developed. Here, a simple yet effective method of MP capture from water using vegetable oil with bubbles is demonstrated to achieve high removal efficiencies of &gt; 98%. Comparisons are made with other methods of agitation, and higher removal efficiencies are observed when bubbles are used. Due to the low agitation provided by the bubbles, the oil layer remains unbroken, meaning that no oil is released into the bulk water phase. In this way, secondary contamination is avoided—unlike membrane filtration, another effective removal method, in which polymer-based membranes can break down due to chemical backwashing and ageing. It is demonstrated that variation in MP size within the micrometer range (50–170 μm) has minor impact on the removal efficiency; however, 100% removal is achieved for larger, millimeter-sized MPs (500–5000 μm). Similarly, a high removal efficiency of greater than 99% is achieved in the capture of microfibers. Other factors such as oil volume and water salinity are also investigated and discussed. Based on these results, the proposed method can be introduced into multiple setting types as a passive and continuous method of MP capture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 71-83"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140767776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Resilience of Urban Rail Transit: Concepts, Reviews, and Trends","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the scale of urban rail transit (URT) networks expands, the study of URT resilience is essential for safe and efficient operations. This paper presents a comprehensive review of URT resilience and highlights potential trends and directions for future research. First, URT resilience is defined by three primary abilities: absorption, resistance, and recovery, and four properties: robustness, vulnerability, rapidity, and redundancy. Then, the metrics and assessment approaches for URT resilience were summarized. The metrics are divided into three categories: topology-based, characteristic-based, and performance-based, and the assessment methods are divided into four categories: topological, simulation, optimization, and data-driven. Comparisons of various metrics and assessment approaches revealed that the current research trend in URT resilience is increasingly favoring the integration of traditional methods, such as conventional complex network analysis and operations optimization theory, with new techniques like big data and intelligent computing technology, to accurately assess URT resilience. Finally, five potential trends and directions for future research were identified: analyzing resilience based on multisource data, optimizing train diagram in multiple scenarios, accurate response to passenger demand through new technologies, coupling and optimizing passenger and traffic flows, and optimal line design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 7-18"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140181975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Newly Launched Satellite Seeks to Keep Methane Emitters Honest","authors":"Sean O’Neill (Senior Technology Writer)","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}