Engineering最新文献

{"title":"AI for Process Manufacturing: Innovations, Trends, and Challenges","authors":"Feng Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.08.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.08.015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Key Technologies of Passive Containment Heat Removal System for HPR1000","authors":"Ji Xing ,&nbsp;Li Gao ,&nbsp;Feng Liu ,&nbsp;Zhongning Sun ,&nbsp;Li Li ,&nbsp;Xinli Yu ,&nbsp;Yawei Mao ,&nbsp;Haozhi Bian ,&nbsp;Zhaoming Meng ,&nbsp;Ming Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.03.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.03.034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The passive containment heat removal system (PCS) is one of the key passive safety systems of China’s third-generation advanced pressurized water reactor—Hua-long Pressurized Reactor (HPR1000), used to prevent overpressure of large concrete containment under severe accident scenarios. This paper provides an overview of the development of the HPR1000 passive containment heat removal system, including its operating principles and configuration, internal heat exchanger design, feasibility tests, engineering-scale PCS verification tests, comprehensive tests on PCS–containment coupling characteristics, among other key supporting studies. These extensive studies demonstrated that the PCS of HPR1000, which is designed based on flashing-driven open natural circulation and efficient condensation heat transfer theory, can work effectively and ensure the integrity of the containment under various accident scenarios. The system has been applied to Fuqing No. 5 and No. 6 nuclear power units and Zhangzhou No. 1 and No. 2 units of China’s first million-kilowatt third-generation nuclear power HPR1000. It is also applied to K-2/K-3 units of Karachi Nuclear Power Plant in Pakistan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 204-216"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sewage Sludge Protein-based Fully Bio-Adhesive for Plywood","authors":"Gaojun Wang, Zhaofu Liu, Bo Zhang, Lingwei Wang, Qian Li, Rong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.06.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.06.046","url":null,"abstract":"To advance sewage sludge (SS) valorization, this study proposed a novel approach that integrated protein recovery from SS with its conversion into a fully bio-based adhesive for plywood production. A thermal-alkaline pretreatment (pH = 12, 90 ℃) followed by acidic precipitation enabled efficient recovery of sewage sludge protein (SSP). Compared to the commonly used sulfuric acid, citric acid partially co-precipitated with SSP, potentially promoting amidation reactions between amino and carboxyl groups during the curing process. This interaction contributed to the enhanced adhesive strength of SSP. Inspired by the catechol-mediated adhesion mechanism of mussel foot proteins, tannic acid (Tan) and Zn²⁺ ions were incorporated into the alkali-modified SSP. Covalent and hydrogen bonding occurred through cross-linking between the polyphenolic moieties of Tan and the amide/carbonyl groups of SSP, while Zn²⁺ ions served as coordination centers, further strengthening interfacial cohesion. These procedures reassembled the fragmented peptide chains of SSP, resulting in enhanced hydrophobicity, thermal stability, and mold resistance. Under optimized curing conditions (140 ℃, 8 min), the resulting adhesive achieved a wet shear strength of (1.09 ± 0.08) MPa, surpassing the Chinese National Standard (≥ 0.7 MPa) by 55.7%. X-ray micro-computed tomography revealed that 24.1% of the adhesive penetrated the wood micropores during curing, with mechanical interlocking complementing bulk adhesion to improve shear performance. Heat-induced structural reorganization further promoted β-sheet formation and esterification between SSP peptides and Tan, thereby reinforcing the adhesive’s cross-linked architecture. Finally, a preliminary assessment of the process’s economic viability and carbon neutrality potential highlighted its promise for sustainable, engineering-scale implementation.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144924199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward Intelligent and Green Ethylene Manufacturing: An AI-Based Multi-Objective Dynamic Optimization Framework for the Steam Thermal Cracking Process","authors":"Yao Zhang ,&nbsp;Peng Sha ,&nbsp;Meihong Wang ,&nbsp;Cheng Zheng ,&nbsp;Shengyuan Huang ,&nbsp;Xiao Wu ,&nbsp;Joan Cordiner","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.06.045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.06.045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With growing concerns over environmental issues, ethylene manufacturing is shifting from a sole focus on economic benefits to an additional consideration of environmental impacts. The operation of the thermal cracking furnace in ethylene manufacturing determines not only the profitability of an ethylene plant but also the carbon emissions it releases. While multi-objective optimization of the thermal cracking furnace to balance profit with environmental impact is an effective solution to achieve green ethylene manufacturing, it carries a high computational demand due to the complex dynamic processes involved. In this work, artificial intelligence (AI) is applied to develop a novel hybrid model based on physically consistent machine learning (PCML). This hybrid model not only reduces the computational demand but also retains the interpretability and scalability of the model. With this hybrid model, the computational demand of the multi-objective dynamic optimization is reduced to 77 s. The optimization results show that dynamically adjusting the operating variables with coke formation can effectively improve profit and reduce CO₂ emissions. In addition, the results from this study indicate that sacrificing 28.97% of the annual profit can significantly reduce the annual CO₂ emissions by 42.89%. The key findings of this study highlight the great potential for green ethylene manufacturing based on AI through modeling and optimization approaches. This study will be important for industrial practitioners and policy-makers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 160-171"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144787468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Next Frontiers of Aviation Safety: System-of-Systems Safety","authors":"Daqing Li ,&nbsp;Anzhuo Yao ,&nbsp;Kaifeng Feng ,&nbsp;Hang Zhou ,&nbsp;Ruixin Wang ,&nbsp;Ming Cheng ,&nbsp;Hang Li ,&nbsp;Dongfang Wang ,&nbsp;Shuiting Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the anticipated growth in air traffic complexity in the coming years, future civil aviation transportation system (CATS) is transforming into a complex cyber–physical–social system, surpassing all previous experiences in the history of civil aviation safety management. Therefore, a new safety concept based on a system-of-systems (SoS) perspective is proposed for the next-generation aviation. This article begins by elucidating the complexity of existing aviation risks and emphasizing the necessity for an updated safety concept. It then presents the challenges of current safety management and potential solutions from the new SoS perspective. To address future risks, the concept of SoS safety is introduced with the inspiration of the human immune system in terms of capability, logic, and architecture, which can serve as a guiding framework and methodology for safety engineering in complex large-scale CATS. This concept indicates the transition from “process and outcome-oriented” to “capability-oriented” intelligent safety management. Our research highlights the development directions and potential technological areas that need to be addressed at different stages of SoS safety. The integration of SoS design and operation through rapid iterations enabled by artificial intelligence (AI) will ultimately achieve endogenous SoS safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 262-277"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence for Power Systems with Renewable Energy","authors":"Luolin Xiong ,&nbsp;Yang Tang ,&nbsp;Kankar Bhattacharya ,&nbsp;Feng Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.03.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.03.021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 25-28"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Can Active Machine Learning Aid Kinetic Model Generation, and Why Should We Care?","authors":"Yannick Ureel,&nbsp;Maarten R. Dobbelaere,&nbsp;Istvan Lengyel,&nbsp;Maarten K. Sabbe,&nbsp;Kevin M. Van Geem","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 14-18"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent Operational Decision-Making in Industrial Process: Development and Prospects","authors":"Tianyou Chai ,&nbsp;Siyu Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.08.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.08.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on an analysis of the role of industrial control and optimization technologies in the Industrial Revolution, as well as the current situation and existing problems of operational decision-making (ODM) for industrial process, this paper introduces the concept of intelligent ODM in industrial process, shapes its future directions, and highlights key technical challenges. By the tight conjoining of and coordination between industrial artificial intelligence (AI) with industrial control and optimization technologies, as well as the Industrial Internet with industrial computer management and control systems, an intelligent operational optimization decision-making methodology is proposed for complex industrial process. The intelligent ODM methodology and its successful application demonstrate that the tight conjoining of and coordination between next-generation information technologies with industrial control and optimization technologies will promote the development of industrial intelligent ODM. Finally, main research directions and ideas are outlined for realizing intelligent ODM in industrial process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 40-52"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality and Efficiency of a Brain-Smart Electric Tractor Unit Operation Control Mechanism: Instant Information Interaction and Collaborative Task Management","authors":"Zhenhao Luo ,&nbsp;Qingzhen Zhu ,&nbsp;Mengnan Liu ,&nbsp;Chunjiang Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhenghe Song ,&nbsp;Zhijun Meng ,&nbsp;Bin Xie ,&nbsp;Changkai Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.02.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.02.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electric tractors (ETs) with mounted implements form operating units. There are significant differences in parameters such as shape, firmness, and moisture content of the soil in contact with the tractor and implements when working in complex terrains such as field stubble, waterlogged silt, and loose/firm terrain. These differentiated dynamics prevent cooperation between ETs and operating implements under independent control, resulting in poor quality operations and low energy efficiency. We propose a control mechanism for ETs and implements to achieve full life cycle management of collaborative control tasks, instantaneous intertask interaction, and a multitask synchronization mechanism. To address the internal redundant communication problems caused by traditional distributed microcontrol units, we break through the underlying technology of unit data processing and interaction and develop an integrated high-performance controller structure with high processing capacity and high- and low-speed communication interfaces. On the basis of hierarchical stepwise control theory, a hierarchical real-time operating system is designed. This system realizes a preemptive kernel response of computational tasks and competitive–collaborative synchronization among tasks; overcomes the low-latency response of collaborative control tasks, instantaneous information interaction, and multitask synchronization problems; and provides system-level support for deep collaborative operation control of units. To demonstrate and validate the proposed collaborative control mechanism, a plowing collaborative operation management strategy is designed and deployed. The experimental results show that the communication delay of collaborative tasks is as low as 83 μs, the solution time of complex collaborative equations is as low as 46 ms, the mechanical efficiency of the ET is increased by 9.07%, the efficiency of the drive motor is increased by 9.72%, the stability of the operation speed is increased by 106.25%, and the stability of the plowing depth reaches 94.98%. Our work meets the hardware and software requirements for realizing complex collaborative control of ET units and improves the operational quality and operational energy efficiency in real vehicle demonstrations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 217-228"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The “Eastern Data and Western Computing” Initiative in China Contributes to Its Net-Zero Target","authors":"Ning Zhang ,&nbsp;Huabo Duan ,&nbsp;Yuru Guan ,&nbsp;Ruichang Mao ,&nbsp;Guanghan Song ,&nbsp;Jiakuan Yang ,&nbsp;Yuli Shan","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the world’s largest digital economy, China has a significant demand for data centers, which are energy-intensive. With an annual growth rate of 28% in installed capacity, these centers are primarily located in the developed eastern region, where land and energy resources are limited. This localization poses a major challenge to the industry’s net-zero goal. To address this, China has launched a bold initiative to relocate data centers to the western region, leveraging natural cooling, clean energy, and cost-effective resources. By 2030, this move is expected to reduce emissions from the data center sector by 16%–20%, generating direct economic benefits of approximately 53 billion USD. The success of this initiative can serve as a model for other countries to develop their internet infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 256-261"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}