Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Performance of the First 80-kA HTS CICC for High-Field Application in Future Fusion Reactors","authors":"Huan Jin, Guanyu Xiao, Chao Zhou, Chuanyi Zhao, Shijie Shi, Haihong Liu, Fang Liu, Huajun Liu, Yu Wu, Zuojiafeng Wu, Hugues Bajas, Jack Greenwood, Mattia Ortino, Kamil Sedlak, Valentina Corato, Richard Kamendje, Alexandre Torre, Arend Nijhuis, Giulio Anniballi, Arnaud Devred, Jiangang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.05.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.05.015","url":null,"abstract":"A promising way to realize controlled nuclear fusion involves the use of magnetic fields to control and confine the hot plasma configuration. This approach requires superconductor magnets operating above 15 T for the next generation of fusion devices. Due to their high in-field transport current capacity, rare-Earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) coated conductors are promising materials for manufacturing of cable-in-conduit conductors (CICCs) for fusion. However, the high-aspect-ratio geometry makes it difficult to find a multi-tape CICC configuration that fulfills the high engineering current density requirements while retaining enough flexibility for winding large-scale magnets. Moreover, the multilayer structure and inherent brittleness make the REBCO tapes susceptible to degradation during CICC manufacturing and operation. For more than a decade, the development of a reliable REBCO-based CICC that can sustain the huge combined mechanical, thermal, and Lorentz loads without degradation has been ongoing, albeit with limited progress. In this paper, we report on a prototype REBCO CICC that can withstand an applied cyclic Lorentz load of at least 830 kN·m⁻¹, corresponding to a transport current of 80 kA at 10.85 T and 4.5 K. To our knowledge, this is the highest load achieved to date. The CICC uses 288 tapes wound into six strengthened sub-cables, making it capable of having a current sharing temperature, <em>T</em>_cs, of around 39 and 20 K when operated under 10.85 T with a current of 40 and 80 kA, respectively. Scaled to a 20-T peak field and 46.5-kA transport current, this provides a temperature margin of over 10 K with respect to an operating temperature of 4.5 K. In addition, no perceptible transport current performance degradation was observed after cyclic Lorentz loading, cyclic warm-up/cool-down (WUCD), and quench campaigns. The proposed REBCO CICC is a milestone in the development of high-temperature superconductors for large-scale and high-field magnet applications.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144219102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclic Construction and Load Redistribution in Steel–Ultra-High-Performance Concrete Composite Arch Using Optimized Sliding Connectors","authors":"Guang He, Xudong Shao, Suiwen Wu, Junhui Cao, Xudong Zhao, Wenyong Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.05.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.05.014","url":null,"abstract":"The proposed steel–ultra-high-performance concrete composite truss (SUCT) arch bridge addresses three major technical problems of conventional arch bridges and extends the span to 600–1000 m. An intelligent cyclic construction method and an automated sliding connector are proposed for the SUCT arch ring to reduce construction costs and mitigate stress superposition. This method involves multiple closures of the arch ring from inside to outside. This paper introduces the cyclic construction method, compares it with existing methods, and investigates the mechanical behavior and load distribution of the arch ring through experimental analysis in both slidable and locked states of the sliding connectors. An optimized design for sliding connectors was also developed. The results indicate that the cyclic construction method offers distinct advantages over traditional techniques, ensuring the construction feasibility of SUCT arch bridges. The sliding connectors released most vertical shear forces, and the corresponding bending moments were transferred to the inner arch. Consequently, approximately 10% of the load was transferred to the inner arch, representing approximately 20% of the load in the locked state. However, approximately 25.5% of the negative bending moments were transferred to the inner arch in spring conditions. During the arch ring’s asymmetric loading process, the inner arch’s left spring cracked and crushed before the outer arch due to stress superposition. By optimizing the sliding surface to a vertical orientation (0°) and lubricating the sliding plate and chute, negative bending moments and vertical loads were effectively isolated from the inner arch, eliminating stress superposition and significantly enhancing crack resistance and load-bearing capacity. With the optimized design, the load borne by the innermost arch was reduced to 48% and 85% compared to the non-sliding connector scheme and the original design. Furthermore, the load distribution across all truss arch rows was uniform. These findings advance both the theoretical understanding and practical implementation of innovative arch bridge construction, offering insights for the infrastructure sector.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144202390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network-Layer Perspectives on Satellite–Terrestrial Integrated Networks in 6G: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Nuo Chen, Yujie Song, Yue Cao, Zhili Sun, Bo Zhao, Mi Wang, Debiao He, Guojun Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.05.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.05.012","url":null,"abstract":"Satellite–terrestrial networks have garnered significant attention in recent years and are extensively applied in intelligent transportation and emergency rescue. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest research advancements in satellite–terrestrial integrated network (STIN) technologies from a network perspective, dividing STIN technologies into three categories according to network service flows—namely, topology maintenance, network routing, and orchestration transmission technologies. Furthermore, a novel network-layer perspective is considered to examine the applications of STINs across various domains, along with related frameworks, platforms, simulators, and datasets. Finally, this paper explores the mainstream research directions in STIN technologies, with an innovative focus on the network layer. It reviews the existing literature, outlines future trends, and discusses opportunities for collaboration with related fields.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144202391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Terrestrial Networking for 6G: Evolution, Opportunities, and Future Directions","authors":"Feng Wang, Shengyu Zhang, Huiting Yang, Tony Q.S. Quek","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.05.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.05.013","url":null,"abstract":"From fifth-generation (5G) communication technology onward, non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) have emerged as a key component of future network architectures. Especially through the rise of low-Earth-orbit satellite constellations, NTNs enable a space Internet and present a paradigm shift in delivering reliable services to even the most remote regions on Earth. However, the extensive coverage and rapid movement of satellites pose unique challenges in user equipment access and inter-satellite transmission, impacting the quality of service and service continuity. This paper offers an in-depth review of NTN networking technologies in the context of six-generation (6G) mobile networks evolution, focusing on access management, satellite mobility, and hetero-network slicing. Building on this foundation and considering the latest trends in NTN development, we then present innovative perspectives on emerging challenges, including satellite beamforming, handover mechanisms, and service delivery. Lastly, we identify key open research areas and propose future directions to improve NTN performance and accelerate satellite Internet deployment.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144202375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Nuclear Option—Could It Work for Planetary Defense?","authors":"Chris Palmer (Senior Technology Writer)","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.04.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.04.019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 6-8"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Berberine Protects Cerebral Vessels and Alleviates Diabetic Encephalopathy by Inhibiting the Production of δ-Valerobetaine in the Gut Microbiota","authors":"Zheng-Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei-Ping Wang ,&nbsp;Jia-Chun Hu ,&nbsp;Jin-Yue Lu ,&nbsp;Ru Feng ,&nbsp;Shao-Feng Xu ,&nbsp;Ling Wang ,&nbsp;Jie Fu ,&nbsp;Hang Yu ,&nbsp;Hui Xu ,&nbsp;Hao-Jian Zhang ,&nbsp;Xin-Yu Yang ,&nbsp;Zhao Zhai ,&nbsp;Jing-Yue Wang ,&nbsp;Meng-Liang Ye ,&nbsp;Heng-Tong Zuo ,&nbsp;Jian-Ye Song ,&nbsp;Yi Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiang Hui ,&nbsp;Xiao-Liang Wang ,&nbsp;Yan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.04.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.04.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hyperglycemia in individuals with diabetes causes cognitive impairment, called diabetic encephalopathy (DE). The pathogenesis of DE is closely related to angiopathy, and effective treatment is highly desirable. The botanical agent berberine (BBR) effectively lowers blood glucose in diabetic patients. Here, we show for the first time that BBR significantly improved cognitive function in type 2 diabetic encephalopathy KK-Ay (2DEK) mice. High-resolution imaging via fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography (fMOST) revealed that the integrity of brain vessels was improved by BBR treatment. The improvements in average vessel diameter, vessel length, and total vessel volume were significant in the parietal association cortex (PtA), as well as in the CA1 and CA3 regions. A mechanistic study revealed that oral BBR inhibited δ-valerobetaine (δ-VB, a metabolite of the gut microbiota) production in the intestine. As intestinal δ-VB can enter the circulation and activate the Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) inflammatory pathway in the epithelial cells of blood vessels through interacting with TLR-4, BBR might reduce the intestinal level of δ-VB to protect the cerebral blood vessels of DE mice and improve their brain function. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) using the gut microbiota from BBR-treated mice confirmed the vital role of the gut microbiota. BBR showed a wide range of effects on the gut flora, also increasing short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and decreasing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in the intestine by adjusting the abundance of SCFA- or LPS-producing bacteria. The observed therapeutic efficacy <em>in vivo</em> revealed a synergistic effect of BBR on the gut microbiota. Conclusively, we found an association between the gut microbiota and blood vessels, of which intestinal δ-VB might be a chemical link. Mainly through downregulating δ-VB in the intestine, BBR protected cerebral vessels and alleviated DE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 290-303"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breakthrough Science Portends Nuclear Clocks of Unprecedented Precision","authors":"Dana Mackenzie (Senior Technology Writer)","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.04.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.04.020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 3-5"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Noble Metal High-Entropy Alloy for Mid-Infrared Metasurfaces","authors":"Yoshiaki Nishijima ,&nbsp;Teruaki Sudo ,&nbsp;Yasutaka Matsuo ,&nbsp;Saulius Juodkazis","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.01.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.01.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are promising materials for photonic applications. In such applications, permittivity is essential for numerical studies. In this work, we experimentally determine the complex permittivity of an HEA composed of five noble metals—Au, Ag, Cu, Pd, and Pt. The measurements are conducted across a broad wavelength spectrum, spanning the ultraviolet, visible, and mid-infrared regions. The experiments, numerical simulations of reflection spectra, and analysis of absorption and scattering cross-sections reveal the potential for fabricating perfect absorber and emitter metasurfaces using this noble HEA. In addition, crystallography studies clearly show the formation of a uniform material. The lattice constant and electron work function of the alloy are found to be 0.396 nm and (4.8 ± 0.4) eV, respectively—results indicate that the formed HEA alloy is well mixed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 81-89"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crack-Net: A Deep Learning Approach to Predict Crack Propagation and Stress–Strain Curves in Particulate Composites","authors":"Hao Xu ,&nbsp;Wei Fan ,&nbsp;Lecheng Ruan ,&nbsp;Rundong Shi ,&nbsp;Ambrose C. Taylor ,&nbsp;Dongxiao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.02.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.02.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Computational solid mechanics has become an indispensable approach in engineering, and numerical investigation of fracturing in composites is essential, as composites are widely used in structural applications. Crack evolution in composites is the path to elucidating the relationship between microstructures and fracture performance, but crack-based finite-element methods are computationally expensive and time-consuming, which limits their application in computation-intensive scenarios. Consequently, this study proposes a deep learning framework called Crack-Net for instant prediction of the dynamic crack growth process, as well as its strain–stress curve. Specifically, Crack-Net introduces an implicit constraint technique, which incorporates the relationship between crack evolution and stress response into the network architecture. This technique substantially reduces data requirements while improving predictive accuracy. The transfer learning technique enables Crack-Net to handle composite materials with reinforcements of different strengths. Trained on high-accuracy fracture development datasets from phase field simulations, the proposed framework is capable of tackling intricate scenarios, involving materials with diverse interfaces, varying initial conditions, and the intricate elastoplastic fracture process. The proposed Crack-Net holds great promise for practical applications in engineering and materials science, in which accurate and efficient fracture prediction is crucial for optimizing material performance and microstructural design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 149-163"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the Soybean Industry in Africa: Safeguarding Food Security in Africa and China—A Perspective","authors":"Vincent Ninkuu ,&nbsp;Tianfu Han ,&nbsp;Felix D. Dakora","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2023, the global soybean trade volume with China reached 99.41 million tonnes without any contribution from Africa. With its vast arable land, Africa has the potential to develop a strong soybean industry to increase food security, create employment opportunities, and position itself as a key exporter to China. However, soybean growth and yield are stringently linked to nodulation and nitrogen gas (N₂) fixation, as well as to photothermal effects. The soil bacteria that nodulate and fix N₂ for soybean growth are absent in African soils, which is a major constraint to soybean cultivation. However, the breeding of promiscuous soybean varieties that freely nodulate and fix N₂ with native rhizobia in African soils has been achieved. The photothermal constraint limiting soybean production in Africa has also been resolved with the discovery and testing of several genes regulating photoperiodism at the laboratory and field levels. Large-scale soybean production in Africa will nonetheless still require science, technology, and innovation (STI) partnerships for the easy transfer and/or exchange of biological materials for research among Chinese and African scientists. This study aims to identify opportunities to boost soybean production in Africa, with potential benefits including increased food security, enhanced economic growth, improved continental gross domestic product, reduced unemployment, and greater poverty alleviation through job creation while enhancing China–Africa trade. It also explores the advantages soybean production in Africa could derive from the China–Africa STI partnership under the Forum on China–Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) Beijing Action Plan (2025–2027) and the China–Africa Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Alliance (CAASTIA), which is implemented by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the African Academy of Sciences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 272-278"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}