Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Exploring Shaking for Cancer Treatment","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 12-14"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809924001887/pdfft?md5=9342d3c269300618684bc487a129f610&pid=1-s2.0-S2095809924001887-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140773630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation into the Methodology and Implementation of Life Cycle Engineering under China's Carbon Reduction Target in the Process Industry","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.08.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.08.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The industrial sector is the primary source of carbon emissions in China. In pursuit of meeting its carbon reduction targets, China aims to promote resource consumption sustainability, reduce energy consumption, and achieve carbon neutrality within its processing industries. An effective strategy to promote energy savings and carbon reduction throughout the life cycle of materials is by applying life cycle engineering technology. This strategy aims to attain an optimal solution for material performance, resource consumption, and environmental impact. In this study, five types of technologies were considered: raw material replacement, process reengineering, fuel replacement, energy recycling and reutilization, and material recycling and reutilization. The meaning, methodology, and development status of life cycle engineering technology abroad and domestically are discussed in detail. A multidimensional analysis of ecological design was conducted from the perspectives of resource and energy consumption, carbon emissions, product performance, and recycling of secondary resources in a manufacturing process. This coupled with an integrated method to analyze carbon emissions in the entire life cycle of a material process industry was applied to the nonferrous industry, as an example. The results provide effective ideas and solutions for achieving low or zero carbon emission production in the Chinese industry as recycled aluminum and primary aluminum based on advanced technologies had reduced resource consumption and emissions as compared to primary aluminum production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 87-99"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809924002455/pdfft?md5=83ed93a6362633e336383b546a07bf00&pid=1-s2.0-S2095809924002455-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141057647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systems Theory-Driven Framework for AI Integration into the Holistic Material Basis Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper introduces a systems theory-driven framework to integration artificial intelligence (AI) into traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) research, enhancing the understanding of TCM’s holistic material basis while adhering to evidence-based principles. Utilizing the System Function Decoding Model (SFDM), the research progresses through define, quantify, infer, and validate phases to systematically explore TCM’s material basis. It employs a dual analytical approach that combines top-down, systems theory-guided perspectives with bottom-up, elements–structure–function methodologies, provides comprehensive insights into TCM’s holistic material basis. Moreover, the research examines AI’s role in quantitative assessment and predictive analysis of TCM’s material components, proposing two specific AI-driven technical applications. This interdisciplinary effort underscores AI’s potential to enhance our understanding of TCM’s holistic material basis and establishes a foundation for future research at the intersection of traditional wisdom and modern technology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 28-50"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809924002406/pdfft?md5=e0cf3694212db4e97ff90194509cc9c6&pid=1-s2.0-S2095809924002406-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141525624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventing the Immense Increase in the Life-Cycle Energy and Carbon Footprints of LLM-Powered Intelligent Chatbots","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Intelligent chatbots powered by large language models (LLMs) have recently been sweeping the world, with potential for a wide variety of industrial applications. Global frontier technology companies are feverishly participating in LLM-powered chatbot design and development, providing several alternatives beyond the famous ChatGPT. However, training, fine-tuning, and updating such intelligent chatbots consume substantial amounts of electricity, resulting in significant carbon emissions. The research and development of all intelligent LLMs and software, hardware manufacturing (e.g., graphics processing units and supercomputers), related data/operations management, and material recycling supporting chatbot services are associated with carbon emissions to varying extents. Attention should therefore be paid to the entire life-cycle energy and carbon footprints of LLM-powered intelligent chatbots in both the present and future in order to mitigate their climate change impact. In this work, we clarify and highlight the energy consumption and carbon emission implications of eight main phases throughout the life cycle of the development of such intelligent chatbots. Based on a life-cycle and interaction analysis of these phases, we propose a system-level solution with three strategic pathways to optimize the management of this industry and mitigate the related footprints. While anticipating the enormous potential of this advanced technology and its products, we make an appeal for a rethinking of the mitigation pathways and strategies of the life-cycle energy usage and carbon emissions of the LLM-powered intelligent chatbot industry and a reshaping of their energy and environmental implications at this early stage of development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 202-210"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809924002315/pdfft?md5=93e966676d04f1be87c2a962d933c409&pid=1-s2.0-S2095809924002315-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140774284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superior Mechanical Behavior and Flame Retardancy FRP via a Distribution Controllable 1D/2D Hybrid Nanoclay Synergistic Toughening Strategy","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.03.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.03.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The incorporation of commercial flame retardants into fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites has been proposed as a potential solution to improve the latter’s poor flame resistance. However, this approach often poses a challenge, as it can adversely affect the mechanical properties of the FRP. Thus, balancing the need for improved flame resistance with the preservation of mechanical integrity remains a complex issue in FRP research. Addressing this critical concern, this study introduces a novel additive system featuring a combination of one-dimensional (1D) hollow tubular structured halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and two-dimensional (2D) polygonal flake-shaped nano kaolinite (NKN). By employing a 1D/2D hybrid kaolinite nanoclay system, this research aims to simultaneously improve the flame retardancy and mechanical properties. This innovative approach offers several advantages. During combustion and pyrolysis processes, the 1D/2D hybrid kaolinite nanoclay system proves effective in reducing heat release and volatile leaching. Furthermore, the system facilitates the formation of reinforcing skeletons through a crosslinking mechanism during pyrolysis, resulting in the development of a compact char layer. This char layer acts as a protective barrier, enhancing the material’s resistance to heat and flames. In terms of mechanical properties, the multilayered polygonal flake-shaped 2D NKN plays a crucial role by impeding the formation of cracks that typically arise from vulnerable areas, such as adhesive phase particles. Simultaneously, the 1D HNT bridges these cracks within the matrix, ensuring the structural integrity of the composite material. In an optimal scenario, the homogeneously distributed 1D/2D hybrid kaolinite nanoclays exhibit remarkable results, with a 51.0% improvement in mode II fracture toughness (<em>G</em>_IIC), indicating increased resistance to crack propagation. In addition, there is a 34.5% reduction in total heat release, signifying improved flame retardancy. This study represents a significant step forward in the field of composite materials. The innovative use of hybrid low-dimensional nanomaterials offers a promising avenue for the development of multifunctional composites. By carefully designing and incorporating these nanoclays, researchers can potentially create a new generation of FRP composites that excel in both flame resistance and mechanical strength.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 166-178"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809924002595/pdfft?md5=53b19bea661f2238c0636adc63567d66&pid=1-s2.0-S2095809924002595-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141035252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robots Get Smarter with Help from Artificial Intelligence","authors":"Mitch Leslie","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809924004727/pdfft?md5=1614791bccd037c29039dad64ec60c05&pid=1-s2.0-S2095809924004727-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competition Creates Deep Space Cuisine","authors":"Chris Palmer","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 4-7"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809924004739/pdfft?md5=e715f6ae2e7463271350dec43bee552c&pid=1-s2.0-S2095809924004739-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manipulating the Gut Microbiome to Alleviate Steatotic Liver Disease: Current Progress and Challenges","authors":"Ernesto Saenz ,&nbsp;Nathally Espinosa Montagut ,&nbsp;Baohong Wang ,&nbsp;Christoph Stein-Thöringer ,&nbsp;Kaicen Wang ,&nbsp;Honglei Weng ,&nbsp;Matthias Ebert ,&nbsp;Kai Markus Schneider ,&nbsp;Lanjuan Li ,&nbsp;Andreas Teufel","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.03.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.03.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The prevalence of metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is alarmingly high; it is estimated to affect up to a quarter of the global population, making it the most common liver disorder worldwide. MASLD is characterized by excessive hepatic fat accumulation and is commonly associated with comorbidities such as obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance; however, it can also manifest in lean individuals. Therefore, it is crucial to develop effective therapies for this complex condition. Currently, there are no approved medications for MASLD treatment, so there is a pressing need to investigate alternative approaches. Extensive research has characterized MASLD as a multifaceted disease, frequently linked to metabolic disorders that stem from dietary habits. Evidence suggests that changes in the gut microbiome play a fundamental role in the development and progression of MASLD from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this review, we critically examine the literature on the emerging field of gut-microbiota-based therapies for MASLD and metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), including interventions such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), probiotics, prebiotics, short-chain fatty acids, antibiotics, metabolic pathway targeting, and immune checkpoint kinase blockade.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 51-60"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809924002686/pdfft?md5=84b88a1f8f90fe530c70df671902fde6&pid=1-s2.0-S2095809924002686-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141610644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marine CO2 Removal Joins Race to Scale Up Mitigation Tech","authors":"Mark Peplow","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 8-11"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809924004740/pdfft?md5=b7c3b36ce535ed9c666a5e6266f1531e&pid=1-s2.0-S2095809924004740-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wastewater Surveillance Provides Spatiotemporal SARS-CoV-2 Infection Dynamics","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wastewater surveillance (WWS) can leverage its wide coverage, population-based sampling, and high monitoring frequency to capture citywide pandemic trends independent of clinical surveillance. Here we conducted a nine months daily WWS for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from 12 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), covering approximately 80% of the population, to monitor infection dynamics in Hong Kong, China. We found that the SARS-CoV-2 virus concentration in wastewater was correlated with the daily number of reported cases and reached two pandemic peaks three days earlier during the study period. In addition, two different methods were established to estimate the prevalence/incidence rates from wastewater measurements. The estimated results from wastewater were consistent with findings from two independent citywide clinical surveillance programmes (rapid antigen test (RAT) surveillance and serology surveillance), but higher than the cases number reported by the Centre for Health Protection (CHP) of Hong Kong, China. Moreover, the effective reproductive number (<em>R</em>_t) was estimated from wastewater measurements to reflect both citywide and regional transmission dynamics. Our findings demonstrate that large-scale intensive WWS from WWTPs provides cost-effective and timely public health information, especially when the clinical surveillance is inadequate and costly. This approach also provides insights into pandemic dynamics at higher spatiotemporal resolutions, facilitating the formulation of effective control policies and targeted resource allocation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 70-77"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809924000675/pdfft?md5=3d8353fef0c0f011903e602d48527f97&pid=1-s2.0-S2095809924000675-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140182091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}