Environmental Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Nanomaterials' Multigenerational Effects by Single and Joint Exposure in Non-mammalian Models","authors":"Andy Joel Taipe Huisa,&nbsp;Analía Ale,&nbsp;Azael Francisco Silva Neto,&nbsp;Lorena De Mendonça Lucena,&nbsp;Marcelo Estrella Josende,&nbsp;Milena Ferreira de Lima,&nbsp;Rhayanny Kethylly Pereira Santos,&nbsp;Martín Federico Desimone,&nbsp;Priscila Gubert,&nbsp;José María Monserrat","doi":"10.1002/tox.70021","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nanotoxicology has mainly focused on single-generation studies, leaving multigenerational toxicity underexplored. Having animal welfare recently gained importance, we aimed to provide the state-of-the-art of knowledge about multigenerational effects in non-mammalian models in the case of nanomaterials (NM) single and joint exposure to other substances, pollutants, and environmental conditions. Studies on multigenerational effects have increased in recent years, with nanoplastics being the most studied NM, followed by Ag- and TiO₂-based ones. The nematode <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> was the most studied test species, followed by <i>Daphnia</i> spp., a microcrustacean, and <i>Danio rerio</i> fish. Common effects included altered life-history traits, oxidative stress, and NM transfer to offspring. Co-exposure effects varied as synergistic toxicity or alleviating effects were observed. We highlight the need for studies on other widely produced NM, such as carbon-based materials, and advocate multigenerational assessments to better evaluate long-term ecological risks within a realistic approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 10","pages":"957-974"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/tox.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phthalate Metabolite, Mono(2-Ethyl-5-Hydroxyhexyl) Phthalate (MEHHP), Promotes Uterine-Fibroid–Associated Phenotypes in Myometrial Stem Cell-Derived 3D Organoids","authors":"Somayeh Vafaei,&nbsp;Mervat M. Omran,&nbsp;Qiwei Yang,&nbsp;Sandra Madueke-Laveaux,&nbsp;Ami R. Zota,&nbsp;Ayman Al-Hendy,&nbsp;Mohamed Ali","doi":"10.1002/tox.70046","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates how phthalate exposure contributes to uterine fibroid (UF) development by studying the effects of the Mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), a metabolite of Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, on myometrial stem cells (MMSCs). MMSCs from normal (MYON) and at-risk (MYOF) uterine tissues were cultured in 3D organoids and treated with 1.6 μM MEHHP for 48 h. Functional assays investigated cell viability, apoptosis, and mitochondrial activity, whereas RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and RNA sequencing evaluated markers of proliferation, apoptosis, extracellular matrix (ECM), and oxidative stress (OS). Cytokines and growth factors secretion were analyzed using a multiplex ELISA. Results showed that MEHHP exposure significantly increased cell viability and inhibited apoptosis in MYOF compared to MYON organoids. Proliferation markers (PCNA, Ki67), anti-apoptotic markers (BCL2/BAX ratio), and ECM markers (fibronectin and COL1A1) were significantly upregulated, whereas pro-apoptotic markers (Caspase-3) were downregulated in MYOF organoids. MEHHP-treated MYOF organoids exhibited elevated secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8) and growth factors (e.g., PDGF, VEGF, TGFβ1), indicative of impaired tissue repair and fibrosis. RNA sequencing identified increased OS in MYOF organoids, validated by differential expression of genes such as CA9 and GPX3. Mitochondrial analysis revealed enhanced oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and elevated oxygen consumption rates, implicating mitochondrial dysfunction as a driver of cytokine release and UF pathogenesis. In conclusion, MEHHP was shown to promote the transformation of MYOF organoids into a UF phenotype by driving proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis, and inducing cytokine-mediated inflammation via mitochondrial dysfunction. These findings related to MYOF-specific effects, as compared to MYON, emphasize that these differences are statistically significant and relevant to UF risk. It can shed insight on how phthalates exposures may impact UF pathogenesis and provide a basis for exploring targeted therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 10","pages":"975-997"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/tox.70046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146098085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Glyphosate on the Planktonic Microbiota: An Experimental Approach","authors":"Melissa Progênio,&nbsp;Matheus Henrique Oliveira de Matos,&nbsp;Edilaine Corrêa Leite,&nbsp;Bianca Ramos de Meira,&nbsp;João Vitor Bredariol,&nbsp;José Eduardo Gonçalves,&nbsp;Pablo Augusto Poleto Antiqueira,&nbsp;Luiz Felipe Machado Velho","doi":"10.1002/tox.70019","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Glyphosate is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world, including in Brazil, and its dispersion through habitats and surface waters can impact entire aquatic ecosystems. However, experimental studies evaluating the effects of pesticides on whole planktonic communities, considering attributes such as richness, density and composition—remain scarce. This study evaluated the effects of different glyphosate concentrations on freshwater planktonic microbiota, encompassing cyanobacteria, algae, testate amoebae, autotrophic and heterotrophic nanoflagellates, ciliates, rotifers and copepods. We experimentally simulated four contamination scenarios in freshwater microcosms: (i) control (no glyphosate), (ii) low glyphosate (30 μg/L⁻¹), (iii) high glyphosate (500 μg/L⁻¹), (iv) the maximum allowed in Brazil (65 μg/L⁻¹). The effects of glyphosate varied among biological groups, underscoring the complexity of community-level responses to contamination. Some groups, such as autotrophic and heterotrophic nanoflagellates, testate amoebae, rotifers, and copepods, responded only in density, with the total microfaunal community following a similar trend. Shifts in species composition were observed for testate amoebae (species replacement) and cyanobacteria (changes in richness), both of which contributed most to beta diversity variation under pesticide exposure. Microcosms exposed to higher glyphosate concentrations exhibited more distinct community compositions compared to the control, suggesting a shift toward more resistant species. These findings highlight the importance of protecting aquatic environments from pesticide contamination, as both individual species and entire communities exhibit differential sensitivity to chemical stressors, potentially affecting ecosystem functioning and services.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 10","pages":"889-905"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/tox.70019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146021638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ameliorating Effect of Continuous Treatment With an Amorphous Formula of Curcumin on Maternal Imidacloprid Exposure-Induced Suppression of Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Rats","authors":"Yuri Ebizuka,&nbsp;Xinyu Zou,&nbsp;Nanami Watanabe,&nbsp;Mai Hirata,&nbsp;Susumu Yamashita,&nbsp;Tetsuhito Kigata,&nbsp;Qian Tang,&nbsp;Tomohiro Nakao,&nbsp;Mihoko Koyanagi,&nbsp;Makoto Shibutani","doi":"10.1002/tox.70044","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maternal exposure to imidacloprid (IMI) suppresses hippocampal neurogenesis in rat offspring. This study investigated the antioxidant effects of an amorphous formula of curcumin (CUR) given at a supplement level on IMI-induced suppression of neurogenesis to clarify the toxicity mechanisms. Maternal rats were given a diet containing 750-ppm IMI and drinking water with or without 120-ppm CUR from gestational day (GD) 6 until weaning at 21 days post-delivery. Then, offspring received CUR similarly until postnatal day 77 in adulthood. At weaning, IMI had suppressed neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in granule cells, which may be related to suppressed reelin and parvalbumin signaling of GABAergic interneurons. IMI exposure increased CD68⁺ microglia, decreased CD163⁺ microglia, and upregulated <i>Nos2</i>, suggesting M1 polarization; IMI also downregulated <i>Tnf</i> but did not change the transcript levels of other M1 cytokine genes, suggesting an immunocompromised state. IMI also suppressed hippocampal antioxidant capacity. CUR restored hippocampal antioxidant capacity and ameliorated neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, involving parvalbumin⁺ interneuron restoration through enhancing NMDAR2D-mediated glutamatergic signaling. The IMI-induced immunocompromised state and oxidative stress-related effects disappeared in adulthood. However, IMI progressively suppressed neurogenesis, possibly associated with suppressed NMDAR2D-mediated glutamatergic signaling. IMI also suppressed VGLUT2-based glutamatergic signaling in granule cells. CUR increased synaptic plasticity in granule cells by enhancing VGLUT2-based glutamatergic signaling and NMDAR2D-mediated glutamatergic signaling. These results suggest that IMI continuously suppresses hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in granule cells into adulthood by increasing susceptibility to oxidative stress during exposure. CUR effectively ameliorated the IMI-induced suppression of neurogenesis at weaning and synaptic plasticity until adulthood.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 10","pages":"935-956"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146069999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic and Inorganic Pollutants, Oxidative Stress Biomarkers, and Electrophoretic Protein Profiles in an Endangered Thresher Shark (Alopias vulpinus) From Southeastern Brazil: A Case Study","authors":"Sidney Fernandes Sales Junior,&nbsp;Amanda Pontes Lopes,&nbsp;Heloíse Martins de Souza,&nbsp;Regina Fonseca,&nbsp;Enrico Mendes Saggioro,&nbsp;Francielli Monteiro Casanova,&nbsp;Kamila Cezar Gramlich,&nbsp;Tatiana Dillenburg Saint'Pierre,&nbsp;Carlos German Massone,&nbsp;Renato Carreira,&nbsp;Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis","doi":"10.1002/tox.70026","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A comprehensive screening of different environmental contaminants (total metals, thermostable metal fractions associated with detoxification, and persistent organic pollutants) was conducted in an endangered common thresher shark (<i>Alopias vulpinus</i> ) individual incidentally captured in southeastern Brazil. Stress biomarkers were assessed to evaluate physiological responses, and SDS–PAGE was applied to identify thermostable protein profiles. Most metals were more abundant in total than in thermostable fractions, suggesting partial cellular absorption, likely through compartmentalization in organelles or binding to metallothioneins. Of 25 screened pesticides, only p,p′-DDT and Mirex were detected, with unexpectedly high levels observed in liver. Several low molecular weight PAHs were also found in both tissues, especially muscle, suggesting chronic exposure and bioaccumulation. The SDS–PAGE revealed ~15 kDa bands, consistent with metallothioneins, and higher bands possibly corresponding to matrix metalloproteinases. Poor resolution in the Ampullae of Lorenzini was likely due to high salt content. Antioxidant biomarkers showed tissue-specific patterns, with high H₂O₂ levels and SOD activity in gills, blood, and brain, suggesting oxidative stress. Further studies are, however, required, as a sample number of one precludes broad conclusions at the species level. Despite this limitation, the study provides valuable preliminary insights and a baseline for <i>Alopias</i> spp. The integrated biochemical and molecular approach applied herein may aid in detecting early physiological stress and sublethal contamination effects and, combined with ecological and life-history data, can inform conservation strategies, such as habitat prioritization, pollutant mitigation, and monitoring programs, to support the long-term survival and population viability of this and other vulnerable shark species.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 10","pages":"833-848"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/tox.70026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145986631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the Association of Pesticide Exposure and Parkinson's Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Pedro Henrique Passos da Silva,&nbsp;Jadson Silva Abreu,&nbsp;Rafael Sidônio Gibson Gomes,&nbsp;Hemengella Karyne Alves Oliveira,&nbsp;Artur F. S. Schuh,&nbsp;Ignacio F. Mata,&nbsp;Bruno Lopes Santos-Lobato","doi":"10.1002/tox.70041","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The association between pesticide exposure and Parkinson's disease (PD) is substantial, but heterogeneity in methodology and lack of categorization according to the type of exposure and pesticide classes in previous meta-analyses impair the interpretation of data. This study aims to update evidence of the association between pesticide exposure and PD. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating associations between pesticide exposure and PD according to the type of pesticide exposure and pesticide class. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science until July 2024. Reviewers screened titles and abstracts. Afterward, reviewers reanalyzed the selection criteria and extracted the data based on the full paper. Meta-analyses were conducted to assess the association between pesticide exposure and PD. A total of 124 studies were eligible. There is a lack of diversity in the populations represented and a high variability in methodology among the included studies. Considering only studies with any type of exposure, we found a positive association of PD with any pesticide class and herbicides. Occupational exposure was associated with PD for all pesticide classes except for fungicides. Exclusive household pesticide exposure was also associated with PD. Pesticide exposure remains a significant environmental risk factor for the development of PD, regardless of the type of exposure. Herbicides are the pesticide class with the most substantial evidence of association with the disease. Further studies with new methods of pesticide exposure measurement, innovative design studies, and the inclusion of underrepresented populations are still needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 10","pages":"875-888"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/tox.70041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146017913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Untreated Hair Dye Effluents Enter the Environment: Are They a Threat to Human Health?","authors":"Letícia Cristina Gonçalves,&nbsp;Matheus Mantuanelli Roberto,&nbsp;Adriana Fabiana Corrêa da Silva,&nbsp;Maria Aparecida Marin-Morales","doi":"10.1002/tox.70034","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effluents generated during the process of hair dyeing exhibit a complex composition, comprising chemical compounds with varying toxicity levels. While the adverse impact of hair dyes on human health is acknowledged, there is a notable absence of studies addressing the toxicity associated with effluents produced during these activities. The primary objective of this study was to assess two effluents emanating from beauty salons after brown hair dyeing: one resulting from hair washing with water, shampoo, and conditioner, referred to as the complete effluent (CE), and the other from washing the dyed hair solely with water, excluding surfactants, referred to as the dye effluent (DE). In vitro bioassays were conducted with the human hepatoma cell line (HepG2/C3A). Cytotoxicity was evaluated through 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Trypan Blue tests, while genotoxicity and mutagenicity were assessed by comet assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus test, respectively. The cells were exposed for 4 h to various dilutions of the two sampled effluents [100.0% (1); 50.0% (2); 25.0% (3); 12.5% (4); 6.25% (5); 3.125% (6)]. Cytotoxicity was induced by CE-1, DE-1, DE-2, and DE-3 dilutions as indicated by both assays, whereas CE-2 dilution exhibited cytotoxicity solely through the MTT assay. These findings suggest impaired cell membrane integrity, permeability, and mitochondrial activity. Nontoxic dilutions (4, 5, and 6) were viable for the comet assay and micronucleus test, revealing genotoxicity without mutagenic potential. Consequently, residual concentrations of effluents were found to induce nonlethal and reparable primary DNA damage. Moreover, the effluents decreased the cytokinesis-block proliferation index and the cell replication index, indicating interference and arrestment in the cell cycle. These outcomes highlight the potential threat posed by residual concentrations of hair DEs to environmental quality and human health, emphasizing the imperative need for pre-disposal treatments in salon settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 10","pages":"998-1010"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/tox.70034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146104453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cotton Farming Pesticides Affect Ileal Microbiota Activity and Expression of Virulome but Not Resistome or Metabolic Pathways in a Sedentary Wild Passerine.","authors":"Serguei V Drovetski, Michelle L Hladik, Carolina F Ferreira, Dana W Kolpin, Gary Voelker","doi":"10.1002/tox.70193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.70193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increased use of agrochemicals to enhance crop production has had detrimental environmental effects including implication in the sharp decline of North American farmland-breeding birds. Here, using a combination of deep shotgun metatranscriptomics and pesticide exposure data, we sought to assess whether exposure to cotton (Gossypium spp.) production had a differential effect on ileum multi-kingdom microbial activity, metabolism, anti-microbial resistance, and virulence factors of sedentary northern mockingbirds (Mimus polyglottos) sampled from two cotton-producing areas (16 birds in total) and one uncultivated area (7 birds) in Texas, USA. Both Shannon Index values (Adj. r² = 0.174, F_(1,21) = 5.633, p = 0.027) and a Mantel test (Spearman ρ = 0.184, p = 0.013) supported a relationship between metabolically active microbiota Bray-Curtis dissimilarities and differences in pesticide mixtures among study areas. Virulence factor richness (Adj. r² = 0.182, F_(1,21) = 5.890, p = 0.024), Shannon Index (Adj. r² = 0.231, F_(1,21) = 7.612, p = 0.012), and load (sum of virulence factor abundances; Adj. r² = 0.160, F_(1,21) = 5.194, p = 0.033) were related to total pesticide load (total quantity of pesticides). We found no pesticide effects on expression of either antimicrobial resistance genes or metabolic pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Alpha-Gamma Radiation Exposure From Natural Radionuclides in Cement and Gypsum Production: Implications for Occupational Lung Cancer Risk.","authors":"Adil M Hussien, Kardo O Mamand, Hiwa M Qadir, Berun N Ghafoor, Goran H Mohammad","doi":"10.1002/tox.70192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.70192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natural radionuclides in cement and gypsum production materials pose significant risks of occupational radiation exposure that are not well documented in Iraqi Kurdistan. This study quantifies alpha and gamma radiation levels from naturally occurring radioactive materials, specifically ²²²Rn, ²³⁸U, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K, in cement and gypsum samples from regional production facilities. Radionuclide activity concentrations were measured using alpha counting techniques and gamma spectrometry. The air concentrations of radon gas ranged from 76.14 to 285.98 Bq/m³, with an average of 169.42 Bq/m³. Although the activity concentrations of gamma-emitting radionuclides were within internationally acceptable limits, they still contributed to cumulative radiation exposure. The risk of lung cancer was estimated for workers with occupational exposure durations of 5, 10, 20, and 30 years, considering both alpha particle exhalation and gamma radiation exposure. The results indicated an average lung cancer risk of 0.03% for individual workers, with a progressive increase corresponding to the duration of employment. For long-term exposure (30 years), this risk increased to between 0.029% and 0.04% per individual. While most radiological parameters fall within Health Canada Guidelines, the cumulative effects of radiation exposure suggest the need for strict radiation protection protocols. This research establishes essential baseline data for occupational health standards in the construction materials industry of Iraqi Kurdistan and highlights the importance of continuous radiological monitoring and safety measures for workers in cement and gypsum production facilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148826579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Mechanism of Paraquat‐Induced Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption: IL ‐ 17A as a Risk Accelerator for Disrupting bEnd .3 Cells Tight Junction","authors":"Ge Shi, Kaidong Wang, Tao Wang, Xinyu Zhang, Qin Liu, Yuxuan Jiao, Ai Qi, Min Huang","doi":"10.1002/tox.70180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.70180","url":null,"abstract":"Paraquat (PQ) is a globally and widely used high‐residue herbicide, also regarded as a potential environmental risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). However, how PQ exerts neurotoxicity remains a mystery. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) plays a crucial role in communicating between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral blood. In this article, the core genes, which were mainly based on the potential targets for PQ, MPTP, and Diquat chemicals from the CTD database, intersected with the potential targets related to the symptoms of NDs from databases GeneCards and OMIM. Then GO and KEGG enrichments revealed IL‐17A was involved. After being treated with PQ, in vivo, C57BL/6J mice showed low mood and decreased learning and memory abilities. Pathologically, there were captured CD3 and its CD4/8 subsets, as well as IL‐17A. Surprisingly, T cells in peripheral blood and spleen that responded to PQ gradually leaned towards Th17 cells and secreted IL‐17A. Therefore, it is highly suspected that IL‐17A plays a role in disrupting the BBB. In vitro, constructed with recombinant IL‐17A, and single‐PQ or mixtures (recombinant IL‐17A and PQ) to <jats:italic>bEnd.3</jats:italic> cells, which together showed that IL‐17A is a helper for PQ to aggravately disrupt the BBB. In vivo, mice were treated with IL‐17A neutralizing antibodies, which effectively inhibited the permeability damage of the BBB. And in the brain parenchyma, the expression of IL‐17A also decreased. In summary, the first to respond to PQ were T cells in the peripheral blood, mainly secreting IL‐17A, which also acted as a risk factor disrupting the BBB and assists PQ and other factors in infiltrating parenchyma.","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}