Environmental Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Conventional vs. Biodegradable and Compostable Microplastics on Eisenia fetida S.: An Ecopathological Approach","authors":"Karen Power,&nbsp;Lorenzo Riccio,&nbsp;Antonietta Siciliano,&nbsp;Lucia Santorufo,&nbsp;Luigi Rosati,&nbsp;Simone Landi,&nbsp;Salvatore Avilia,&nbsp;Rebecca Leandri,&nbsp;Carmine Vitagliano,&nbsp;Giorgia Santini,&nbsp;Gionata De Vico,&nbsp;Giulia Maisto","doi":"10.1002/tox.70030","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Microplastics represent an emerging issue endangering all ecosystems including soils, where the impact of both conventional and biobased ones remains controversial. The study aimed to assess the effects of two concentrations (1% and 2%) of biodegradable and compostable microplastics and conventional high-density polyethylene microplastics on the abiotic properties of soil, and the ecotoxicological and ecopathological impacts on <i>Eisenia fetida</i> (Savigny, 1826) through histological techniques. Analyses conducted on the evaluation of abiotic soil parameters after 28 days of exposure did not show any significant change compared to the control samples. Ecotoxicological results showed increased mortality and decreased biomass across all treated groups after 14 days of exposure, while a significant reduction in offspring was only observed in 1%-biodegradable and compostable microplastics. Ecopathological analysis revealed inflammatory and/or degenerative phenomena in the epidermal and muscular layers in all treated groups after 14 days of exposure, suggesting the presence of sublethal effects which could impair the well-being of individuals. Overall, our results suggest that the ecopathological approach combined with the classical ecotoxicological one can help explain pathological events which are behind the ecotoxicological endpoints and underline the existence of fine tissue and cell damage even when no changes are observed during ecotoxicological studies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 10","pages":"822-832"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145949645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keeping Pace With Global Environmental Challenges in the Next Chapter for Environmental Toxicology","authors":"April Rodd","doi":"10.1002/tox.70025","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acrylamide-Induced Neurotoxicity Is Mitigated by Curcumin and Its Nano Lipid Carrier Formulation in Albino Rats","authors":"Lobna A. Hassanin,&nbsp;Shimaa A. Haredy,&nbsp;Enaam A. Essa,&nbsp;Christopher J. Martyniuk,&nbsp;Amany Sultan","doi":"10.1002/tox.70043","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Acrylamide (AA) exerts neurotoxicity and genotoxicity in wildlife and humans. This study measured the ability of curcumin, an antioxidant, and curcumin Nano lipid carriers (Cur-NLCs) to alleviate biochemical biomarkers of AA-induced neurotoxicity in the cortex and hippocampus of exposed rats. Thirty adult female albino rats were assigned into one of five experimental groups: (1) negative control, (2) vehicle control, (3) acrylamide (50 mg/kg b.wt), (4) acrylamide (50 mg/kg b.wt) with curcumin (100 mg/kg b.wt), and (5) acrylamide (50 mg/kg b.wt) with Cur-NLCs (10 mg/kg b.wt). Treatments were orally administered to rats for 5 days/week for 2 weeks. Acrylamide administration caused body weight loss, abnormal gait, and histopathological damage to both the cortex and hippocampus. Curcumin and Cur-NLCs treatment reduced the occurrence of abnormal behavior and mitigated histopathological changes observed in rats treated with AA. The level of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), serotonin (5-HT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were all decreased with AA treatment. Following treatment with curcumin, AA-induced reductions in glutathione (GSH), dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid (5-HIAA), norepinephrine (NE), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), aspartate (ASP), and gamma-aminobutyric acid were restored to the control level in the cortex. In the hippocampus, GSH, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), DA, 5-hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT), 5-HIAA, NE, ATP, ASP, GABA and glutamate (Glu) improved to that observed in control rats. Co-treatment with Cur-NLCs also had protective effects on malondialdehyde (MDA) and NE in the cortex, and 5-HIAA and ASP in the hippocampus. Upon comparison, Cur-NLCs at 10 mg/kg/day showed less benefit than curcumin alone (100 mg/kg/day) based on several endpoints of oxidative stress, DNA damage, and histopathology. We conclude there are tissue specific responses to these formulations in the CNS and suggest that a more effective means of treating AA-induced neurotoxicity with these antioxidants may be a mixture of both unmodified curcumin and its Nano-formulation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 10","pages":"1011-1026"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146118202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Interactive Effects of Arsenic and Selenium Exposure on Larval Zebrafish (Danio rerio)","authors":"Owen Luo,&nbsp;Jinnath Rehana Ritu,&nbsp;Md Helal Uddin,&nbsp;Sravan Kumar Putnala,&nbsp;Mahesh Rachamalla,&nbsp;Som Niyogi,&nbsp;Douglas P. Chivers","doi":"10.1002/tox.70048","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Arsenic contamination in aquatic ecosystems is a major environmental concern. Selenium (Se) helps mitigate oxidative stress and hence could reduce the toxic effects of arsenic. However, Se can also be toxic at high concentrations. Given that these metalloids commonly co-occur in the environment, there is a pressing need for further research into their combined effects on aquatic life. To investigate this interplay, zebrafish embryos were exposed to As alone (as arsenite) or in combination with two different chemical forms of Se including As 120 μg/L alone (as arsenite), As 120 μg/L + Se 25 μg/L (as selenite), As 120 μg/L + Se 120 μg/L (as selenite), and As 120 μg/L + Se 2.5 μg/L (as selenomethionine, SeMet) until 4 days postfertilization. There was no significant difference in the survival, hatching, and deformity rate when fish were exposed to both As and Se. Co-exposure to As and Se significantly affected thigmotaxis and reflexive movement (for all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), with 2.5 μg/L Se mitigating As-induced impairments. While reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were elevated in larvae exposed to As alone and As + Se 25 μg/L, there were markedly reduced ROS levels in the As + Se 120 μg/L and As + Se 2.5 μg/L treatments, highlighting Se's antioxidant efficacy. A marked suppression of genes related to antioxidant, neurogenesis, dopaminergic, serotonergic, and motor neurons was observed following arsenic exposure. At the same time, co-treatment with As + Se 25 μg/L partially restored <i>nrf2a</i> expression (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). These findings highlight the potential for naturally co-occurring Se to modulate As toxicity in aquatic environments, underscoring the importance of considering chemical interactions when assessing ecological risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 10","pages":"1027-1040"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/tox.70048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146111939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sub-Chronic Bisphenol-A Toxicity in Climbing Perch, Anabas testudineus: Insight Into Metabolic Disruption, Oxidative Stress, and Histopathological Changes","authors":"Dhivakar Vadivel,&nbsp;Tincy Varghese,&nbsp;Neeraj Kumar,&nbsp;Kedar Nath Mohanta,&nbsp;Maria Jose,&nbsp;Vasantha Kumaran,&nbsp;Rohit Kumar,&nbsp;D. Sajan,&nbsp;V. Hariharan,&nbsp;Prem Kumar","doi":"10.1002/tox.70027","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the present era of climate change, pollution has become a threat to the growth and sustainability of aquaculture and fisheries. The widespread occurrence of microplastics across ecosystems is particularly concerning, as it affects the entire food chain—from lower to higher trophic levels, including fisheries, and it is an important source of plasticizers (bisphenol-A, BPA) in the aquatic environment. Therefore, to understand the physiological effects of BPA, an experiment was conducted to understand the effect of sublethal doses of BPA on immune-physiological and histopathological changes in the climbing perch, <i>Anabas testudineus</i> (average weight: 22 ± 3 g and total length: 10 ± 2 cm). Median lethal concentration (96 h-LC₅₀) was determined by using BPA concentrations of 12.50, 13.00, 13.50, 14.00, 14.50, 15.00, 15.50, 16.00, 16.50, 17.00, 17.50, 18.00, and 18.50 ppm. The estimated 96 h-LC₅₀ of BPA was 16.77 ppm. Sublethal doses of BPA viz. 0.419, 0.838, and 1.677 ppm were evaluated for their effects on immune-physiology, oxidative stress, and histopathology. Compared to control, the BPA-exposed group showed significantly higher erythrocyte and leucocyte counts, and oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and protein metabolic enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase) activity in the liver, whereas acetylcholinesterase was significantly inhibited in brain tissue (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Exposure to BPA also significantly enhanced stress biomarkers viz. serum glucose and HSP (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In addition, upregulation of <i>HSP</i>, <i>iNOS</i>, <i>CAS 3a</i>, and <i>CYP450</i> and downregulation of <i>TNFα</i> and <i>Ig</i> genes were recorded. The study concluded that even a low dose of BPA (0.419 ppm) severely affects the stress biomarkers of <i>A. testudineus</i>.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 10","pages":"922-934"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146071751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyanopeptide Mixtures Induce Variable Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects Across Diverse Human Cell Lines","authors":"Lauren N. Hart,&nbsp;Katherine L. Lev,&nbsp;Sierra Hefferan,&nbsp;Sanduni H. Premathilaka,&nbsp;Sharmila I. Thenuwara,&nbsp;Dragan Isailovic,&nbsp;David H. Sherman,&nbsp;Gregory J. Dick","doi":"10.1002/tox.70028","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) threaten human, animal, and ecosystem health and safety through production of toxic secondary metabolites. <i>Microcystis,</i> a cosmopolitan bloom-forming cyanobacterial genus, is well-known for producing hepatotoxic microcystins (MCs), but it can produce many other bioactive cyanopeptides, such as anabaenopeptins (APs), that occur at high levels in blooms. The toxicological and ecological impacts of such co-occurring cyanopeptides in the natural environment remain understudied. Here we evaluated the effects of pure MCs and APs individually and in combination, as well as extracts of <i>Microcystis</i> cultures producing diverse suites of cyanopeptides, including strains with and without MCs and APs, on human lung (A549), kidney (HK2), and liver (Hep-3B) cell viability. Individual MC and AP congeners exhibited a gradient of toxic effects across cell lines; MC-LA caused the most toxic effects, MC-LR had comparable effects to AP-A and AP-B, and MC-RR caused the least toxicity. Combined exposure to MC-LA and AP-B produced dose-dependent synergistic effects across all three cell lines. <i>Microcystis</i> culture extracts significantly reduced cell viability in dose- and <i>Microcystis</i> strain-dependent patterns that could not be explained by microcystin or anabaenopeptin content alone, suggesting a role of other metabolites and their interactions within the mixtures. These findings demonstrate that mixtures of environmentally relevant cyanopeptides can have greater toxic threats than individual compounds and underscore the importance of considering metabolites beyond MCs and their potential interactions in public health, future risk assessments, and management strategies for cyanoHAB-impacted waters.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 10","pages":"807-821"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/tox.70028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered and Weathered Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Microplastics and Nanoplastics Induce Form and Size-Dependent Oxidative Stress, Oxidative DNA Damage, and Cytotoxicity in MCF-7 Cells","authors":"Zachery A. Kasuske,&nbsp;Priti Roy,&nbsp;Delaney E. Clouse,&nbsp;Savannah Pas,&nbsp;Kailash Arole,&nbsp;Micah Green,&nbsp;Jaclyn E. Cañas-Carrell,&nbsp;Kamaleshwar P. Singh","doi":"10.1002/tox.70036","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Microplastics are an emerging environmental contaminant of concern due to their extensive use, ubiquitous presence in the environment, and detection in humans, wildlife, and marine organisms. While overwhelming data suggest the toxicity of engineered (Pristine) micro/nanoplastics, the adverse effects of environmentally relevant weathered particles are still unclear. In this context, using cellular, molecular, and biochemical approaches, this study investigated adverse effects, such as cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and oxidative DNA damage potential, following exposure of MCF-7 cells to non-weathered polyethylene terephthalate (PET) particles of varying morphologies and sizes (810 nm and 17 μm) as well as weathered microplastics. MTT assay for cell viability revealed dose-dependent toxicity of these particles toward MCF-7 cells. DCFH-DA assay revealed a significant increase in ROS production across all treatments relative to controls. Cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by micro- and nanoplastics were confirmed by increased expression of proapoptotic marker (<i>BAX</i>) and oxidative DNA damage marker gene <i>OGG1</i>, and decreased expression of anti-apoptotic marker (<i>BCL-2</i>). Moreover, western blot analysis showed a significant increase in the level of DNA double strand break marker protein H₂AX as well as decreased levels of antioxidant <i>MnSOD</i>, suggesting a mechanistic link between micro and nanoplastic-induced ROS and oxidative DNA damage-dependent cytotoxicity. In summary, the results of this study using multiple approaches provide new mechanistic insight into the micro- and nanoplastic-induced and oxidative stress-dependent cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells. The novel and mechanistic findings of this study will have a significant impact on our understanding of the adverse effects of micro- and nanoplastics on human health.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 10","pages":"774-786"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145903187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Evaluation of Bisphenol A Toxicity Reveals Neurobehavioral, Metabolic, and Reproductive Impairments in Girardia tigrina","authors":"Raquel de Jesus Selestrino,&nbsp;Felipe Schaly,&nbsp;Welligton Luciano Braguini","doi":"10.1002/tox.70039","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bisphenol A (BPA), a common industrial chemical used in plastics and consumer products, is increasingly detected in aquatic environments, raising serious concerns about its potential ecological impacts. This study evaluated the sublethal and acute toxic effects of BPA on the freshwater planarian <i>Girardia tigrina</i>, a recognized model for neurotoxicity and regenerative biology. Acute exposure revealed a time-dependent decrease in LC₅₀ values, from 53.18 μM at 24 h to 22.38 μM at 96 h. Behavioral assays showed significant locomotor impairment, with activity reduced by 36.7% and 57.2% at 1.0 and 5.0 μM, respectively. The LC₅₀ for movement inhibition was estimated at 2.79 μM after only 5 min of exposure. Stereotyped movements intensified with concentration and duration. Reproduction was markedly affected, with fecundity and fertility reduced by 96.7% and 100% at 2.5 μM; no hatchlings emerged at 1.0 or 2.5 μM. Glycogen reserves dropped by 42.9% at 2.5 μM, indicating metabolic disruption. Marked oxidative stress responses were observed, with superoxide dismutase and catalase activities increasing by over 220%. Glutathione S-transferase activity was elevated across all concentrations. Acetylcholinesterase activity showed a biphasic response—strong inhibition at lower doses (−67.8% at 0.1 μM), followed by stimulation at 1.0 μM (+56.9%)—suggesting cholinergic disruption. Collectively, these results demonstrate that BPA disrupts multiple physiological systems in planarians at environmentally relevant levels, underscoring the need for more comprehensive environmental monitoring and the adoption of safer chemical alternatives to protect aquatic biodiversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 10","pages":"849-861"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/tox.70039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145994866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Tributyltin Chloride on Human Neuronal Differentiation and Mice Brain Development","authors":"Ester López-Gallardo,&nbsp;Patricia Meade,&nbsp;Irene Jiménez-Salvador,&nbsp;Carmen Hernández-Ainsa,&nbsp;Eldris Iglesias,&nbsp;Alba Pesini,&nbsp;Nuria Garrido-Pérez,&nbsp;Sonia Emperador,&nbsp;David Pacheu-Grau,&nbsp;Pilar Bayona-Bafaluy,&nbsp;Eduardo Ruiz-Pesini","doi":"10.1002/tox.70047","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<p>According to the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis, perinatal exposure to an environmental toxicant during the development of the nervous system could cause a permanent cellular modification that may promote the appearance of neurodegenerative diseases at an older age. Tributyltin chloride is an environmental pollutant that, among other effects, provokes a dysfunction of the oxidative phosphorylation system and has adverse effects on the nervous system. We studied neuronal differentiation of human neuroblastoma cells and neural stem cells in the presence of tributyltin chloride concentrations found in human blood (≤ 100 nM), and brain development in two-year-old mice after perinatal exposure to tributyltin chloride (≤ 1000 nM). Pregnant mice (8–9 weeks old) were exposed to TBTC (0, 100, 500, or 1000 nM) via drinking water throughout gestation and lactation and ended upon weaning of the pups. Genetic-molecular, biochemical and cellular studies were performed on human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and on neural stem cells differentiating into neurons. In addition to these studies, histological studies of the brain and functional tests were performed in two-year-old mice. A decrease in the oxidative phosphorylation activity, essential for the proper function of the nervous system, affected neuronal differentiation of human neural stem cells and neuroblastoma cells in vitro. Exposure to this compound during pregnancy and lactation resulted in a modification of global deoxyribonucleic acid methylation levels in 2-year-old mice. Additionally, various histological changes were detected in the brains of these mice. Therefore, the alteration of brain development with long-term consequences may be one of the manifestations of early exposure to tributyltin.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 10","pages":"906-921"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/tox.70047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146056922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polystyrene Nanoparticles Cause Sex-Specific Toxicity in Male Zebrafish, Which Can Be Mitigated by Melatonin","authors":"Wanjing Liu,&nbsp;Chunhua Zhan,&nbsp;Min Zeng,&nbsp;Guanglong Chen,&nbsp;Jun Wang","doi":"10.1002/tox.70040","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The environmental ubiquity of microplastics raises growing concerns over their reproductive toxicity, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, adult zebrafish were exposed to polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs; 0, 0.1, and 1 mg/L) for 14 days, with or without co-treatment of melatonin (1 μM). Exposure to 1 mg/L PSNPs significantly reduced gonadosomatic and brain somatic indices, accompanied by histopathological evidence of structural damage to gonadal tissues. Moreover, PSNPs disrupted hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis gene transcription and altered sex hormone levels. PSNPs also induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in gonadal and brain tissues. Notably, these effects were sex-dependent and were largely ameliorated by melatonin co-treatment. Importantly, PSNPs showed differential reproductive toxicity between males and females. These findings highlight the potential of melatonin to mitigate PSNP-induced reproductive toxicity by protecting against oxidative damage and HPG axis disruption while also revealing sex-specific responses to nanoparticle exposure.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 10","pages":"862-874"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146015375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}