Environmental Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Se-Methylselenocysteine Ameliorates DEHP-Induced Ferroptosis in Testicular Sertoli Cells via the Nrf2/GPX4 Axis.","authors":"Weilin Mao, Yan Liu, Wei Gu, Wenchao Xu, Jihong Liu, Qing Ling, Jiaxin Wang","doi":"10.1002/tox.24425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.24425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is an important plasticizer in industrial production, and its toxic effects on testes are widely recognized. Se-methylselenocysteine (SMC) is a major selenium compound found in selenium-rich plants, which possesses unique biological properties such as antioxidants. However, the effect of SMC on DEHP-induced testicular injury and the specific mechanism remains unknown. In this study, 50 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups and were given corn oil (Control), DEHP, low-dose SMC (L-SMC), moderate-dose SMC (M-SMC), or high-dose SMC (H-SMC). The sperm quality of the mice in each group was determined, and HE staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were applied to observe testicular morphology, and testicular tissues were collected for the subsequent molecular biological analyses. The TM4 cell line was applied in vitro for mechanism validation. Our results showed that DEHP could lead to decreased sperm quality and blood-testis barrier damage in mice, which could be alleviated by SMC. Mitochondrial damage accompanied by accumulation of total iron content, MDA, and 4-HNE, as well as downregulation of antioxidants SOD, GSH, and GSH-Px were observed after DEHP treatment, which exhibited a typical ferroptosis feature. In vitro experiments confirmed that SMC promoted upregulation of GPX4 in TM4 cells and was able to alleviate DEHP metabolite MEHP-induced ferroptosis and promote the expression of cell junction key proteins ZO-1, Occludin, and Connexin 43, which could be inhibited by the GPX4 inhibitor RSL3 or the Nrf2 inhibitor ML385. Overall, the above results suggest that SMC ameliorates the DEHP-induced ferroptosis in testicular Sertoli cells, protects the blood-testis barrier, and prevents sperm aberrations via the Nrf2/GPX4 axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142364897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal Exposure to Herbicide 2,4‐Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4D) Exacerbates Zika Virus Neurotoxicity In Vitro and In Vivo","authors":"Raissa Rilo Christoff, Débora Santos da Silva, Rafael Ferreira Lima, Ana Luiza Meneguci Moreira Franco, Luiza Mendonça Higa, Átila Duque Rossi, Carolina Batista, Cherley Borba Vieira de Andrade, Tania Maria Ortiga‐Carvalho, Lucas Ascari, Bárbara de Azevedo Abrahim‐Vieira, Maria Bellio, Amilcar Tanuri, Flavia Martinez de Carvalho, Patricia Pestana Garcez, Flavio Alves Lara","doi":"10.1002/tox.24424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.24424","url":null,"abstract":"Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy can lead to a set of congenital malformations known as Congenital ZIKV syndrome (CZS), whose main feature is microcephaly. The geographic distribution of CZS in Brazil during the 2015–2017 outbreak was asymmetrical, with a higher prevalence in the Northeast and Central‐West regions of the country, despite the ubiquitous distribution of the vector <jats:italic>Aedes aegypti,</jats:italic> indicating that environmental factors could influence ZIKV vertical transmission and/or severity. Here we investigate the involvement of the most used agrochemicals in Brazil with CZS. First, we exposed human neuroblastoma SK‐N‐AS cells to the 15 frequently used agrochemical molecules or derivative metabolites able to cross the blood–brain barrier. We found that a derived metabolite from a widely used herbicide in the Central‐West region, 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4D), exacerbates ZIKV neurotoxic effects in vitro. We validate this observation by demonstrating vertical transmission leading to microcephaly in the offspring of immunocompetent C57BL/6J mice exposed to water contaminated with 0.025 mg/L of 2,4D. Newborn mice whose dams were exposed to 2,4D and infected with ZIKV presented a smaller brain area and cortical plate size compared to the control. Also, embryos from animals facing the co‐insult of ZIKV and 2,4D exposition presented higher Caspase 3 positive cells in the cortex, fewer CTIP2+ neurons and proliferative cells at the ventricular zone, and a higher viral load. This phenotype is followed by placental alterations, such as vessel congestion, and apoptosis in the labyrinth and decidua. We also observed a mild spatial correlation between CZS prevalence and 2,4D use in Brazil's North and Central‐West regions, with <jats:italic>R</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.4 and 0.46, respectively. Our results suggest that 2,4D exposition facilitates maternal vertical transmission of ZIKV, exacerbating CZS, possibly contributing to the high prevalence of this syndrome in Brazil's Central‐West region compared to other regions.","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black Tea Suppresses Invasiveness and Reverses TNF-α-Induced Invasiveness and Cell Stemness in Human Malignant Melanoma Cells.","authors":"Chin-Yin Lin,Shu-Chen Chu,Yih-Shou Hsieh,Wen-Yi Tsai,Pei-Ni Chen","doi":"10.1002/tox.24423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.24423","url":null,"abstract":"Invasiveness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are main patterns of metastatic disease, which is the major cause cancer-related mortality in human malignant melanoma cells. Tea and its consumption extract are associated with a lower risk of several types of cancer and have anti-inflammatory and antioxidative biological effects. However, the anti-EMT and anti-cancer stemness effect of black tea ethanol extracts (BTEE) in human melanoma remain poorly understood. In this study, the effects of BTEE-reduced invasiveness, EMT, and cancer stemness were evaluated in human A 375 and A2058 melanoma cells. BTEE inhibited the activity of u-PA, migration, and invasiveness by repressing p-FAK signaling pathway. BTEE affected the EMT by downregulating the expression of β-catenin, N-cadherin, fibronectin, vimentin, and Twist-1. BTEE also reduced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced invasiveness and cancer stemness characteristics in vitro. The growth of melanoma in nude mice xenograft model showed that BTEE suppressed A 375 tumor growth in vivo.","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142325181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"Exosomal miRNA-166-5p Derived From G-MDSCs Promotes Proliferation by Targeting ITM3E in Colorectal Cancer\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/tox.24422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.24422","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142273401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Anticarcinogenic Potential of Inula racemosa Hook. f. Root Extract Against DMBA-Induced Mammary Tumour in Sprague Dawley Rats","authors":"Ankita Jaikaria,&nbsp;Rakesh Kumar,&nbsp;R. K. Asrani,&nbsp;Smriti Jamwal,&nbsp;Abhishek Verma,&nbsp;Joshi Gaurav Santoshrao,&nbsp;Harsh Krishnakumar Bisen,&nbsp;Vikram Patial,&nbsp;Dixit Sharma,&nbsp;Rohit Kumar,&nbsp;Adarsh Kumar,&nbsp;R. D. Patil","doi":"10.1002/tox.24419","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.24419","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Himalayan plant <i>Inula racemosa</i> has medicinal properties and can be used to prevent or treat cancer. This is because it contains certain chemicals that are known to fight cancer cells with few or no side effects. <i>I. racemosa</i> has been used for this purpose for many years in traditional medicine and has shown promising results. The present study was crafted to explore the suppressive impacts on cellular proliferation of the root extract derived from <i>I. racemosa</i> via in vivo experimentation. <i>I. racemosa</i> (IR) root extract was tested at three different doses (100, 250, and 500 mg/Kg BW) for 18 weeks to assess its anti-neoplastic activity against mammary tumors in female rats. The assessment included various parameters such as hematological and biochemical indices, tumor parameters, oxidative stress analysis, gross and histopathological lesion determination, Masson's trichrome staining, immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67, MMP-9, and VEGF in mammary gland tissues, and molecular docking. The chemopreventive action of IR root extract was demonstrated by the inhibition of tumor parameters (tumor size and tumor volume), minimum changes in the liver (ALT, AST, and ALP) and kidney enzymes (BUN and creatinine), declined lipid peroxidation activity, decline gross, and histological changes in mammary gland tumors, reduced expression of KI-67, MMP-9, and VEGF and maximum binding affinity of isoalantolactone with VEGF through molecular docking. The study suggests that the active constituents (isoalantolactone and alantolactone) of <i>I. racemosa</i> roots have anti-neoplastic activity against mammary tumors, making them a valuable therapeutic regimen for the future.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"40 1","pages":"111-127"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142273375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pentachlorophenol Exposure Delays the Recovery of Colitis in Association With Altered Gut Microbiota and Purine Metabolism","authors":"Wenzheng Li,&nbsp;Jing Mu,&nbsp;Shanhong Ni,&nbsp;Wenlong Pei,&nbsp;Li Wan,&nbsp;Xin Wu,&nbsp;Jun Zhu,&nbsp;Zhan Zhang,&nbsp;Lei Li","doi":"10.1002/tox.24420","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.24420","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pentachlorophenol (PCP) was used widely as preservative and biocide and has been banned due to with various harmful effects, such as carcinogenicity and teratogenicity. However, the effects of PCP on colitis induced by dextrose sodium sulfate (DSS) remain largely unknown. Serum metabolomics and gut microbiota were investigated to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Exposure to 20 μg/L PCP aggravated DSS-induced body weight loss, colon shortening, severe histological injuries, and upregulation of <i>TNFα</i>, <i>iNOS</i>, <i>IL-1β</i>, and <i>IL-6</i>. Serum metabolomics showed that both DSS and PCP could significantly disrupted tryptophan metabolism in normal mice. Interestingly, PCP exposure intensified the disturbance in purine metabolism but not tryptophan metabolism caused by DSS. Quantitative analysis of tryptophan and metabolites further confirmed that PCP exposure significantly increased the serum contents of serotonin, adenine, guanine, guanosine, inosine monophosphate (IMP), inosine, and hypoxanthine in DSS-treated mice. The overall gut microbial community was significantly modified by PCP and DSS treatment alone. <i>Rikenellaceae_RC9_Gut_group</i>, <i>Colidextribacter</i>, and <i>Desulfovibrio</i> were more abundant in colitis mice following PCP exposure. Further integrative analysis of differential bacteria and purine metabolites highlighted a significant correlation between <i>Desulfovibrio</i> and several purine metabolites, including guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, IMP, and inosine. Adenosine ribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis, inosine-5′-phosphate biosynthesis I, and urate biosynthesis/inosine 5′-phosphate degradation pathways were depleted in colitis mice upon PCP treatment. Taken together, PCP exposure delayed the recovery of colitis induced by DSS in association with altered gut microbiota and serum metabolites, which were enriched in tryptophan and purine metabolism.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"40 1","pages":"101-110"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142236415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RETRACTION: Serum Cadmium Positively Correlates With Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/tox.24421","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.24421","url":null,"abstract":"<p>RETRACTION: Y.-L. Jiang, J. Fei, P. Cao, C. Zhang, M.-M. Tang, J.-Y. Cheng, H. Zhao, and L. Fu, “Serum Cadmium Positively Correlates With Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease,” Environmental Toxicology 37, no. 1 (2022): 151–160, https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.23386.</p><p>The above article, published online on 15 October 2021 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors; the journal Editor-in-Chief, Paul B. Tchounwou; and Wiley Periodicals LLC.</p><p>The retraction has been agreed upon following concerns raised by a third party regarding the data presented in the article. The authors collaborated on the investigation into the raised concerns and provided the underlying raw data for the presented study. An independent evaluation of the dataset revealed inaccuracies in the statistical analysis, which affected the interpretability of the results. Accordingly, the absence of demonstrated associations between age and chronic conditions, such as diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic disease, in the study's subjects raises serious doubts about the validity of the findings. Consequently, the editors have deemed the article's conclusions unreliable. The authors acknowledged the mistakes made during manuscript preparation and apologize for the inconvenience caused.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"40 1","pages":"159"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/tox.24421","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142282273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Novel Application of EUK-134 in Retinal Degeneration: Preventing Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress-Triggered Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Apoptosis by Suppressing MAPK/p53 Signaling Pathway","authors":"Shang-Chun Tsou,&nbsp;Chen-Ju Chuang,&nbsp;Chin-Lin Hsu,&nbsp;Tzu-Chun Chen,&nbsp;Jui-Hsuan Yeh,&nbsp;Meilin Wang,&nbsp;Inga Wang,&nbsp;Yuan-Yen Chang,&nbsp;Hui-Wen Lin","doi":"10.1002/tox.24416","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.24416","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness, is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. EUK-134 is a mimetic of SOD2 and catalase, widely used for its antioxidant properties in models of light-induced damage or oxidative stress. However, its effects on the retina are not yet clear. Here, we investigated the capability of EUK-134 in averting AMD using sodium iodate (NaIO₃)-induced Balb/c mouse and ARPE-19 cells (adult RPE cell line). In vivo, EUK-134 effectively antagonized NaIO₃-induced retinal deformation and prevented outer and inner nuclear layer thinning. In addition, it was found that the EUK-134-treated group significantly down-regulated the expression of cleaved caspase-3 compared with the group treated with NaIO₃ alone. Our results found that EUK-134 notably improved cell viability by preventing mitochondrial ROS accumulation-induced membrane potential depolarization-mediated apoptosis in NaIO₃-inducted ARPE-19 cells. Furthermore, we found that EUK-134 could inhibit p-ERK, p-p38, p-JNK, p-p53, Bax, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP by increasing Bcl-2 protein expression. Additionally, we employed MAPK pathway inhibitors by SB203580 (a p38 inhibitor), U0126 (an ERK inhibitor), and SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor) to corroborate the aforementioned observation. The results support that EUK-134 may effectively prevent mitochondrial oxidative stress-mediated retinal apoptosis in NaIO₃-induced retinopathy.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"40 1","pages":"88-100"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sorafenib, a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Synergistically Enhances the Ferroptosis Effects of Asiatic Acid in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells","authors":"Yong-Syuan Chen,&nbsp;Chien-Hsing Lee,&nbsp;Yi-Hsien Hsieh,&nbsp;Hui-Ling Chiou,&nbsp;Ming-Chun Hung,&nbsp;Hsiang-Lin Lee","doi":"10.1002/tox.24415","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.24415","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the most common cancers worldwide. Asiatic acid (AA) is a natural triterpene, which is recognized as effect of antioxidant and antitumor. Sorafenib (Sor), an orally target drug, has been applicate for the HCC therapy. However, the synergistic effect of AA and Sor on human HCC is still unclear. Here, we explore the effect of combined treatment with AA and Sor in the HCC cell line SK-HEP-1 and HepG2. Compared with treating alone, our results demonstrated that AA combined with Sor synergistically inhibited proliferative rates in MTT assay and colony formation assay. We also found that AA combined with Sor in HCC cells strongly caused cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and affected the protein level of cyclin D1 and SKP2. Furthermore, combination treatment strongly enhanced ferroptosis through cellular accumulation of iron ions, lipid peroxidation, and ferroptosis-related proteins (GPX4 and FTH1) in HCC cells. In addition, the combined treatment resulted in higher phosphorylation of JNK1/2 in the promotion of ferroptosis than drug treatment alone. These results indicate that AA combined with Sor synergistically improved ferroptosis in HCC cells through the regulation of JNK1/2 signaling. Taken together, the combinatorial strategy may serve as the potential treatment in HCC.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"40 1","pages":"79-87"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gossypol Inhibits Metastasis of Lung Cell Carcinoma by Reversing Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and Suppressing Proteases Activity","authors":"Yih-Shou Hsieh,&nbsp;Ching-Han Yu,&nbsp;Shu-Chen Chu,&nbsp;Chin-Yin Lin,&nbsp;Pei-Ni Chen","doi":"10.1002/tox.24363","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.24363","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gossypol, a natural polyphenolic compound, possesses antivirus activity and induces cell death of different types of tumors. However, the efficacy of gossypol on lung carcinoma metastases and epithelial to mesenchymal transition remains unknown. The aim of the present work was to determine the cellular and molecular mechanism of the anti-cancer and anti-metastatic efficacies of gossypol on human lung carcinoma cells. Gossypol showed a marked suppression of the viability, motility, and invasion in H1299 and A549 cells. Zymography assay showed that gossypol was sufficient to suppress the activities of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and matrix metalloproteinase-2. Gossypol reversed TGF-β-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Gossypol reduced vimentin, p-FAK, p-Src and p-paxillin. In vivo studies of gossypol were performed using subcutaneous inoculation and tail vein injection of A549 into immunodeficient BALB/c nude mice and severe combined immunodeficient mice.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"39 11","pages":"5209-5221"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}