ERJ Open Research最新文献

{"title":"B-cell receptor signalling and transitional alveolar epithelial cell states in desquamative interstitial pneumonia.","authors":"Shigeki Saito, Shinya Ohkouchi, Dan Shan, Yasuhiro Kondoh, Ryoko Saito-Koyama, Yong Zhou","doi":"10.1183/23120541.00483-2026","DOIUrl":"10.1183/23120541.00483-2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>B-cell receptor signalling and transitional alveolar epithelial cell states characterise the desquamative interstitial pneumonia lung transcriptome, suggesting potential immune-epithelial interactions in disease pathobiology</b> https://bit.ly/4owbwmP.</p>","PeriodicalId":11739,"journal":{"name":"ERJ Open Research","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678840/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149227555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and post-treatment lung function in adolescent tuberculosis.","authors":"Alex G G Doruyter, Elizna Maasdorp, Marieke M van der Zalm, Andriëtte M Hiemstra, Megan Palmer, Stephanus T Malherbe, James A Seddon","doi":"10.1183/23120541.00484-2026","DOIUrl":"10.1183/23120541.00484-2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Data on post-tuberculosis outcomes in adolescents are scarce. Although fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has been used in adult tuberculosis research, little is known about the association between PET/CT findings and functional outcomes in general.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Early FDG PET/CT images of 50 adolescents (31 female, median age 17.2 years) with confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis were read visually and quantitative data of disease burden (total lung volume, cavity volume, total hard volume and total glycolytic activity (TGA)) were extracted and tested for associations with clinical risk factors and spirometry measures after treatment completion.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Involvement of three or more lobes was present in 66% of adolescents, with consolidation in 84%, nodules in 92% and cavities in 84%. Comparatively, smokers had lower TGA values (p=0.034). Larger cavity volume was the strongest predictor of reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁) and forced vital capacity (FVC) post treatment (β=-1.78- -0.87; p=0.0024-0.047). Corrected total hard volume and corrected TGA were associated with FEV₁ and FVC z-scores, although no individual predictor coefficients survived correction for multiple comparisons.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>PET/CT features in this adolescent cohort matched patterns described in adults and were frequently severe. Radiological severity measures were associated with poorer spirometry after treatment. More data, including longitudinal imaging and functional outcomes, are required to better understand pathophysiology in this age group.</p>","PeriodicalId":11739,"journal":{"name":"ERJ Open Research","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149227487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology, risk factors and clinical outcome of community-acquired pneumonia in severely immunosuppressed patients: a comprehensive analysis from the multinational, prospective CAPNETZ Cohort.","authors":"Stephanie Müller, Gopinath Krishnamoorthy, Grit Barten-Neiner, Gernot Rohde, Mathias W Pletz, Jessica Rademacher, Jan Rupp, Martin Witzenrath, Andreas Essig, Paul Schmidt, Marcus Panning, Benjamin Thomas Schleenvoigt, Martin Kolditz","doi":"10.1183/23120541.00035-2026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00035-2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Despite growing evidence that immunosuppression (IS) influences aetiology and prognosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), there remains a lack of data from representative multicentre studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The multinational prospective CAPNETZ study includes patients with CAP and HIV since 2017, and with other causes of IS since 2020. We present the first comprehensive analysis of patients with CAP and IS (HIV with low CD4 cells, systemic steroids, immunosuppressive drugs, antineoplastic treatment, neutropenia, primary immunodeficiency, transplantation, haematological neoplasia) included within CAPNETZ until December 2023. IS cases were matched 1:1 with non-IS patients. The primary end-point was 30-day mortality and/or organ replacement therapy. Additionally, cases of CAP caused by non-core respiratory pathogens (NCRPs) according to an international consensus were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate risk factor analyses and evaluation of predictive scores by receiver operating characteristic analysis were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 232 patients with IS, most commonly after antineoplastic therapy (37.5%), systemic steroids (36.2%) and immunosuppressive drugs (35.8%). 10.3% reached the primary end-point. Overall, IS was not associated with prognosis compared to matched non-IS patients, but patients with immunosuppressive drugs had a significantly lower risk. The qSOFA, CRB-65 and CURB-65 scores showed limited prediction (area under the curve 0.57-0.64) and insufficient sensitivity for the primary end-point. CAP caused by NCRPs occurred in 16.4% in IS and was associated with transplantation, previous anti-infective treatment and intensive care unit admission, but SARS-CoV-2, <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> and <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> were the most common pathogens in both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates the relevance and heterogeneity of CAP in IS and highlights the need for individualised risk stratification and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11739,"journal":{"name":"ERJ Open Research","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal investigation of the association between bevacizumab and pulmonary arterial hypertension.","authors":"Simon Valentin, Alex Hlavaty, Coline Brossat, Marie-Camille Chaumais, Élise Artaud-Macari, Pierre Mauran, Arnaud Maurac, Laurent Savale, Olivier Sitbon, Marc Humbert, Ari Chaouat, Charles Khouri, David Montani","doi":"10.1183/23120541.00209-2026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00209-2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and severe condition that may be associated with exposure to certain drugs. Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor, has been classified as having a possible association with PAH, but data remain scarce. This study aimed to assess the potential link between bevacizumab exposure and PAH through complementary clinical, medico-administrative and pharmacovigilance databases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a multimodal investigation combining: 1) case identification from the French Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) Registry, 2) a population-based cohort analysis using the French National Health Data System (Système National des Données de Santé (SNDS)) and 3) a disproportionality analysis in the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database (VigiBase). Clinical, haemodynamic and exposure data were reviewed in the French PH Registry; prevalence of PAH in patients exposed to bevacizumab was computed in the SNDS; and disproportionality analyses (information component (IC) values) were calculated in VigiBase.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven cases of PAH temporally associated with bevacizumab were identified in the French PH Registry, most displaying predisposing conditions (<i>BMPR2</i> mutation, portal hypertension or COPD). In the SNDS cohort of 9964 PAH patients, 30 had prior bevacizumab exposure, with no increased incidence compared to the general population. In VigiBase, 21 PAH cases were reported with bevacizumab, yielding a modest disproportionality signal only under broad definitions (IC 0.4 (95% credibility interval 0.1-0.6)).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Across complementary data sources, there was no evidence of a causal association between exposure to bevacizumab and the development of PAH in adults. However, the effect of bevacizumab as a secondary trigger in predisposed individuals cannot be definitely or completely excluded.</p>","PeriodicalId":11739,"journal":{"name":"ERJ Open Research","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lung function change and quantitative computed tomography measurements are associated with prospective frailty.","authors":"Eleanor Kate Phillips, Elizabeth Regan, Karin F Hoth, Bonnie Patchen, Woei-Yuh Saw, Camila M Lopes-Ramos, Barry Make, Jessica Bon, Abebaw Mengistu Yohannes, Nicola A Hanania, George Washko, Edwin K Silverman, James Crapo, Russell Bowler, Vincent Carey, Dawn L DeMeo","doi":"10.1183/23120541.00470-2026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00470-2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Frailty, a state of reduced physiologic reserve, is associated with comorbid lung disease. Its relationship with lung function change over time and with lung computed tomography (CT) measurements is less clear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>COPDGene, a multicentre cohort study, enrolled adults aged 45-80 years with a smoking history of a minimum of 10 pack-years. This study included participants with normal baseline 6-min walk distance (6MWD), spirometry at all three site visits and frailty assessment. The primary exposures were baseline quantitative CT measurements (airway wall thickening (Pi10), log (% emphysema), pulmonary artery (PA) enlargement and the ratio of pulmonary blood volume in vessels with a cross-sectional area <5 mm² to the total blood vessel volume (BV5/TBV)) and spirometric decline over the 10-year study period. The primary outcomes were frailty and prefrailty at the 10-year follow-up (defined using a modified Fried Frailty Phenotype). Secondary analyses evaluated associations between inflammatory markers and frailty and for mediation of these associations by spirometric decline.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 2354 participants, 1200 (51%) were prefrail and 297 (13%) were frail at the 10-year follow-up. Baseline Pi10, log (% emphysema) and PA enlargement were significantly associated with increased odds of frailty (adjusted ORs, respectively: 1.52 (95% CI 1.30-1.77; p<0.001), 1.38 (95% CI 1.14-1.67; p<0.001) and 2.49 (95% CI 1.41-4.41; p=0.002)), as was lower BV5/TBV, an indicator of pulmonary vascular pruning (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.48-0.72; p<0.001). Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁) decline was associated with increased odds of frailty (OR 1.47 (95% CI 1.30-1.65; p<0.001) per 1%-per-year drop). White blood cell count (WBC) and neutrophil to lymphocyte (N:L) ratio were associated with frailty; this was partially mediated by spirometric decline.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In a population with a cigarette smoking history, lung function decline and CT measurements were associated with prospective frailty risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":11739,"journal":{"name":"ERJ Open Research","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: \"Effects of hypertonic saline and/or carbocisteine on sputum rheology in bronchiectasis: CLEAR-EME\" Michael C. McKelvey, Gisli G. Einarsson, Jack Carson, Aram Kadoom, Ryan R. Brown, Christina Campbell, Andrew Jackson, Cliona McDowell, Mike Clarke, Fiona Copeland, Kathryn Ferguson, Rebecca H. McLeese, Rory Convery, Adam T. Hill, Anthony De Soyza, Mitra Shahidi, Martin Kelly, Mary Carroll, Timothy Gatheral, Muhammed Anwar, Jamie Duckers, William Flight, John R. Hurst, A. Alina Ionescu, Michael R. Loebinger, Anita L. Sullivan, James D. Chalmers, Damian G. Downey, Michael M. Tunney, Brenda O'Neill, Daniel F. McAuley, J. Stuart Elborn, Judy M. Bradley and Clifford C. Taggart on behalf of the CLEAR study group. <i>ERJ Open Res</i> 2026; 12: 00202-2026.","authors":"","doi":"10.1183/23120541.50202-2026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/23120541.50202-2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00202-2026.].</p>","PeriodicalId":11739,"journal":{"name":"ERJ Open Research","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protracted bacterial bronchitis in adults and comparison to bronchiectasis.","authors":"Patrick Senior, Pedro Viegas, Joseph Winterton, Michael R Loebinger, Ricardo J Jose, Janet Stowell, Amelia Bercusson, Aran Singanayagam, Anand Shah","doi":"10.1183/23120541.00547-2026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00547-2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>PBB is associated with considerable morbidity as reflected by similar rates of exacerbation and prophylactic antibiotic use to a bronchiectasis cohort of moderate clinical severity</b> https://bit.ly/4vl74JI.</p>","PeriodicalId":11739,"journal":{"name":"ERJ Open Research","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of a pre-flight algorithm to guide decision-making on the use of supplemental in-flight oxygen in patients with interstitial lung disease.","authors":"Alice Parker, Matthew Wells, Cameron Bonthrone, Shaney L Barratt","doi":"10.1183/23120541.00506-2026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00506-2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>All patients with ILD require a risk assessment prior to air travel. Existing pre-flight algorithms used to support clinicians in decision making surrounding the need for supplemental in-flight oxygen or HCT remain imperfect and further work is required.</b> https://bit.ly/4etQaS7.</p>","PeriodicalId":11739,"journal":{"name":"ERJ Open Research","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring immune dysfunction in bronchiectasis: a focus on natural killer cells using single-cell transcriptomes.","authors":"Bumhee Yang, Dongjun Kim, Geonhui Min, InSook Jeon, Eung-Gook Kim, Hyun Je Kim, Hyun Lee","doi":"10.1183/23120541.01629-2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/23120541.01629-2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Bronchiectasis shows distinct immune dysregulation, with depletion of FCER1G⁺ NK-cells and reduced CXCR4 in monocytes, highlighting innate immune disruption as a driver of disease progression</b> https://bit.ly/4mhw9C2.</p>","PeriodicalId":11739,"journal":{"name":"ERJ Open Research","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13636095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initiation of inhaled antibiotic therapy in chronic airway diseases: the REPAIR registry.","authors":"David de la Rosa Carrillo, Fabiana Cusati de Andrade, Rosa María Girón Moreno, Beatriz Raboso Moreno, Juan Luis Rodríguez Hermosa, Jessica González Gutiérrez, Marta María García Clemente, Casilda Olveira, Gema Sánchez Muñoz, Patricia Mínguez Clemente, Mariara Calderón Alcalá, Xavier Pomares Amigó, Guillermo Suárez-Cuartín, Núria Angrill Sellés, Layla Diab Cáceres, Rafael Golpe, Silvia Vidal Alcorisa, Rubén Osuna Gómez, Miguel Ángel Martínez-García, Marc Miravitlles","doi":"10.1183/23120541.00388-2026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00388-2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inhaled antibiotic therapy (IAT) is increasingly used in chronic airway diseases beyond cystic fibrosis. However, the clinical context and determinants driving IAT initiation in routine practice remain insufficiently characterised.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>REPAIR is a prospective, multicentre national registry including adult patients with chronic airway diseases at the moment of IAT initiation. This cross-sectional baseline analysis describes clinical, microbiological and phenotypic characteristics, as well as prescribing patterns. Chronic bronchial infection (CBI) was defined as ≥3 isolations of the same potentially pathogenic microorganism within 12 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 411 patients were included (mean age 67.9±13.8 years; 57.2% women). Patients experienced 2.6±2.2 exacerbations in the previous year and 40.4% required hospitalisation. <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> was isolated in 79.8% of patients and 50.6% fulfilled criteria for CBI. Colistimethate was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic (78.6%) and was strongly associated with <i>P. aeruginosa</i> isolation, whereas lung function, exacerbation burden and CBI status did not significantly influence antibiotic class selection. IAT was initiated during exacerbation or early convalescence in 44.3% of cases. Nebulised therapy predominated (73%), while dry powder inhaler use was associated with younger age and better lung function rather than microbiological burden. Antibiotic selection patterns were broadly similar across underlying airway disease phenotypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In routine clinical practice, initiation of IAT in chronic airway diseases appears predominantly microbiology-driven. Although most patients start treatment under stable conditions, a substantial proportion initiate IAT during exacerbation or early convalescence, indicating that clinical instability remains an important trigger for treatment initiation in real-world practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":11739,"journal":{"name":"ERJ Open Research","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13636099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}