ERJ Open Research最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and burden of possible refractory chronic cough in four European countries.","authors":"Javier Domínguez-Ortega, J Christian Virchow, Laurent Guilleminault, Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi, Andrew P Beyer, Xuehua Ke, Helen Ding, Robert Boggs","doi":"10.1183/23120541.00888-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1183/23120541.00888-2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This cross-sectional study estimated prevalence and health-related burden of possible refractory or unexplained chronic cough (RCC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This secondary analysis of survey data from France, Germany, Italy and Spain included respondents who self-reported current chronic cough (CC; cough ≥8 weeks) and no smoking/vaping, lung cancer history, interstitial lung disease or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/oral steroid use. Respondents who scored ≥4 (of 10) on a cough severity visual analogue scale and did not report \"a great deal\" of relief from ≥1 category of eligible medications for CC-associated conditions were included in the possible RCC group; of these, respondents who received ≥2 or 3 categories of eligible medications were also included in possible RCC subgroups 1 and 2, respectively. Remaining respondents were included in the non-RCC group. Demographics/clinical characteristics and cough/health-related burden were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 591 respondents with CC, 165 (27.9%) were included in the possible RCC group; 56 (9.5%) and 11 (1.9%) also met criteria for possible RCC subgroups 1 and 2, respectively. The possible RCC group <i>versus</i> non-RCC group had a higher proportion of females (66.7% <i>versus</i> 57.3%; p=0.037), lower mean EuroQoL five-dimension, five-level health questionnaire index (0.72 <i>versus</i> 0.80; p<0.001), lower mean Leicester Cough Questionnaire score (13.49 <i>versus</i> 15.95; p<0.001) and more mean healthcare visits within the past 6 months (9.87 <i>versus</i> 6.26; p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Up to 27.9% of this European population with CC may have RCC and experience increased health-related burden relative to non-RCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":11739,"journal":{"name":"ERJ Open Research","volume":"11 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12257156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling hidden culprits: new perspectives on bronchiectasis pathogens in Taiwan.","authors":"Atena Sombolestani, Christina S Thornton","doi":"10.1183/23120541.00113-2025","DOIUrl":"10.1183/23120541.00113-2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Bronchiectasis pathogens in Taiwan have implications on clinical outcomes</b> https://bit.ly/4iCDeK6.</p>","PeriodicalId":11739,"journal":{"name":"ERJ Open Research","volume":"11 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12257154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical significance of respiratory bacteria and mycobacteria isolates in adult bronchiectasis in Taiwan.","authors":"Chia-Ling Chang, Chau-Chyun Sheu, Ping-Huai Wang, Meng-Heng Hsieh, Wu-Huei Hsu, Ming-Tsung Chen, Wei-Fan Ou, Yu-Feng Wei, Tsung-Ming Yang, Chou-Chin Lan, Cheng-Yi Wang, Chih-Bin Lin, Ming-Shian Lin, Yao-Tung Wang, Ching-Hsiung Lin, Shih-Feng Liu, Meng-Hsuan Cheng, Yen-Fu Chen, Wen-Chien Cheng, Chung-Kan Peng, Ming-Cheng Chan, Ching-Yi Chen, Lun-Yu Jao, Ya-Hui Wang, Chi-Jui Chen, Shih-Pin Chen, Yi-Hsuan Tsai, Shih-Lung Cheng, Horng-Chyuan Lin, Jung-Yien Chien, Hao-Chien Wang","doi":"10.1183/23120541.00865-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1183/23120541.00865-2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The clinical impact of bacterial and mycobacterial isolates on bronchiectasis remains uncertain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with bronchiectasis at 16 hospitals in Taiwan were recruited with a 1-year follow-up. The patients were classified into six groups: Group 1, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>; Group 2, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>; Group 3, other bacteria; Group 4, non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM); Group 5, daily sputum without bacterial or NTM colonisation; and Group 6, dry bronchiectasis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 1416 patients (mean age 67 years; 43% males) were included. The mean modified Reiff score was 5 (range 1-18). 59% (829 patients) had sputum, whereas the remaining did not. The proportions of bacteria and NTM cultured from sputum within 1 year of observation were 27% (381/1416) and 15% (202/1416), respectively. The most common bacterial isolate was <i>P. aeruginosa</i> (13%), followed by <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (7%). 26% of the patients experienced severe exacerbations at least once within the year. The 1-year all-cause mortality rate was 3%. Patients with sputum exhibited a higher rate of severe exacerbations compared to patients with dry bronchiectasis, regardless of the presence of bacteria or NTM (p<0.001). Patients with bacterial colonisation had a higher mortality rate (p<0.001). Further, the highest mortality rate was observed among those with <i>K. pneumoniae</i> colonisation (hazard ratio (HR) 8.39 (95% CI 2.39-29.49)), followed by individuals colonised with other bacteria (HR 8.04 (95% CI 2.36-27.38)) and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> (HR 7.83 (95% CI 2.45-25.03)). Additionally, old age was an independent risk factor (HR 2.72 (95% CI 1.19-6.18)).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>K. pneumoniae</i> was more frequently isolated from patients with bronchiectasis in Taiwan compared to Western countries and was associated with unfavourable clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11739,"journal":{"name":"ERJ Open Research","volume":"11 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12257146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of virtual, group cough modulation therapy for chronic refractory cough.","authors":"Emily C Kear, Zander J Williams, Julia Selby, Chang Lu, Caroline J Jolley, Peter S P Cho, Barnaby Hirons, Surinder S Birring, James H Hull","doi":"10.1183/23120541.01151-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1183/23120541.01151-2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Chronic refractory cough is common. A virtual, group-based approach that delivers cough suppression therapy was associated with improvements in cough severity visual analogue scale and Leicester cough questionnaire scores.</b> https://bit.ly/4ltwNul.</p>","PeriodicalId":11739,"journal":{"name":"ERJ Open Research","volume":"11 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12257153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and prognostic role of tricuspid regurgitation in incident patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.","authors":"Stefano Ghio, Martina Marialaura Moschella, Andrea Baccelli, Giulio Savonitto, Martina Maldera, Gulam Haji, Rachel Davies, Luke Howard, Francesco Lo Giudice","doi":"10.1183/23120541.00929-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1183/23120541.00929-2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The clinical and prognostic role of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is still underappreciated. The main objective of the present study was to assess the prognostic value of TR in incident PAH patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Consecutive incident PAH patients were enrolled from 2011 to 2021. Patients underwent right heart catheterisation (RHC), cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), echocardiography including the degree of TR, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), ratio of TAPSE to systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP), right ventricular (RV) areas and right atrial area. The primary end-point of survival analysis was all-cause death.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with patients with mild TR or no TR, those with TR of moderate degree or more had a worse TAPSE and TAPSE/sPAP, similar RV areas at echocardiography, worse peak oxygen consumption at CPET, and higher right atrial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance at RHC. TR of a moderate degree or more was the only echocardiographic parameter associated with poor survival on Cox regression analyses (hazard ratio 3.34, 95% CI 1.73-6.45; p<0.001). The assessment of TR severity was crucial to determine the prognosis of patients who would have been categorised as low risk based on normal values of TAPSE or TAPSE/sPAP values.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In treatment-naive PAH patients, TR is an important echocardiographic prognostic indicator. In particular, as an emerging concept, assessment of severity of TR is critical to stratify the prognosis of patients who would have been considered at low risk based on normal values of TAPSE or of TAPSE/sPAP.</p>","PeriodicalId":11739,"journal":{"name":"ERJ Open Research","volume":"11 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12257143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pandemic-disordered sleep: longer illness and more fatigue but little SARS-CoV-2 effect.","authors":"Simon Proctor, Nathan J Cheetham, Julia R B Brown, Vicky Bowyer, Barbara Toson, Nicholas R Harvey, Guy Leschziner, Desaline Joseph, Alexander Hammers, Carole H Sudre, Claire J Steves, Sutapa Mukherjee, Emma L Duncan","doi":"10.1183/23120541.00975-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1183/23120541.00975-2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic disturbed sleep globally in both infected and uninfected individuals. Prolonged symptoms (particularly fatigue) after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (post-COVID 2019 syndrome (PCS)) remain a health issue. Whether there is a relationship between PCS and sleep disturbance is largely unknown, with most studies lacking uninfected controls. We assessed sleep behaviours in a large UK cohort, analysing sleep disruption, fatigue, SARS-CoV-2 infection and symptom duration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>UK adults previously recruited from the King's College London ZOE COVID Symptom Study to the COVID Symptom Study Biobank, with prospective symptom logging and SARS-CoV-2 testing, were invited to complete online validated questionnaires for sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Sleep Condition Indicator, the STOP-Bang Questionnaire and Epworth Sleepiness Scale), fatigue (Chalder Fatigue Scale) and mental health (Generalised Anxiety Disorder 2 scale and Patient Health Questionnaire 2). Data were analysed considering SARS-CoV-2 infection, symptom duration and co-morbidities, including mental health.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Questionnaires were completed by 3833 of 8355 participants (2089 infected, 1721 uninfected, 23 unknown). Individuals with longer (<i>versus</i> shorter) symptom duration had poorer sleep scores for multiple questionnaires, but SARS-CoV-2 infection had no independent effect on sleep. However, previously infected (<i>versus</i> uninfected) individuals had greater fatigue, over a year since infection. Longer symptom duration, poorer sleep scores and greater fatigue were also associated with higher contemporaneous levels of anxiety and depression; however, an independent effect of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection on fatigue remained after adjustment. Higher body mass index, greater age and prior co-morbidities also independently worsened sleep scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sleep disturbance contributes to prolonged symptom reporting, irrespective of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Proven sleep interventions may help individuals with post-pandemic fatigue, including PCS.</p>","PeriodicalId":11739,"journal":{"name":"ERJ Open Research","volume":"11 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12257144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social support and recovery in acute respiratory distress syndrome survivors: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Hermann Szymczak, Susanne Brandstetter, Sebastian Blecha, Frank Dodoo-Schittko, Magdalena Rohr, Thomas Bein, Christian Apfelbacher","doi":"10.1183/23120541.01113-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1183/23120541.01113-2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Social support (SS) may contribute to the long-term recovery of critical illness survivors. This study focuses on survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) to investigate the causal relationship between SS and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and healthcare utilisation in critically ill patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort study with 877 ARDS survivors in 61 intensive care units (ICUs) was conducted in Germany between 2014 and 2019. SS was measured using the F-SozU K-14 (Fragebogen zur sozialen Unterstützung) scale and HRQoL was assessed using the Physical and Mental Component Summaries of Short Form-12 at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after ICU discharge. Healthcare utilisation was assessed after 12 and 24 months. To identify confounders and allow for causal inferences, a directed acyclic graph was developed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adjusted regression models demonstrated significant positive impact of SS on mental HRQoL after 3 months onward (all β values >0.15, all p-values <0.05). This influence increases over time. In contrast, the influence of SS on physical HRQoL and healthcare utilisation remained inconclusive (only one significant association for physical HRQoL at 12 months: β=0.128, p<0.05, otherwise all p-values >0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results indicate SS plays an important and unique role in the long-term recovery of survivors of critical illness in terms of mental health. It appears that the more distal mechanism of SS unfolds progressively over time, perhaps as the immediate sequelae of critical illness after discharge subside. In contrast, SS does not appear to exert a substantial causal impact on physical HRQoL and healthcare utilisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11739,"journal":{"name":"ERJ Open Research","volume":"11 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12257145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disease finds its identity with treatment in the real world: the use of gefapixant in chronic cough.","authors":"Yeonhee Kim, Woo-Jung Song","doi":"10.1183/23120541.00096-2025","DOIUrl":"10.1183/23120541.00096-2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Refractory or unexplained chronic cough is gaining recognition as a distinct disease entity. Gefapixant offers promising targeted therapy, and real-world evidence highlights its potential in improving outcomes and advancing our disease understanding.</b> https://bit.ly/42U2p6j.</p>","PeriodicalId":11739,"journal":{"name":"ERJ Open Research","volume":"11 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12230751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term exercise capacity in paediatric cystic fibrosis: a modern era perspective.","authors":"René Gaupmann, Laura Stöger, Klara Schmidthaler, Bianca Pauger, Brigitte Mersi, Alexandra Graf, Zsolt Szépfalusi, Sabine Renner, Eleonora Dehlink, Saskia Gruber","doi":"10.1183/23120541.00971-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1183/23120541.00971-2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maintaining good cardiopulmonary fitness is crucial for global health in cystic fibrosis (CF), but there is limited knowledge about the longitudinal evolution of fitness measures at young ages, particularly with recent therapeutic advances. We investigated trends in exercise test outcomes in young people with CF and how they are influenced by elexacaftor, tezacaftor and ivacaftor (ETI) and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>70 young people with CF (12-20 years old) were included in this retrospective observational single-centre study. We reviewed 177 symptom-limited surveillance cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPETs) conducted on a cycle ergometer between 2010 and 2024. Longitudinal trends in peak oxygen uptake (<i>V</i>'_O₂ _peak), maximal workload and ventilation were analysed using linear mixed models, separately for periods before and after the COVID-19 pandemic onset and ETI introduction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In ETI-naive people with CF, <i>V</i>'_O₂ _peak was lower, and the increase from 12 to 20 years was smaller than predicted by validated reference data (p<0.001). 40 people with CF started ETI during the observational period with 46 of 103 tests performed under ETI (median therapy duration 1.6 years, range 0.4-3.9). After ETI introduction, <i>V</i>'_O₂ _peak improved significantly, whereas ventilation and maximal workload were not relevantly affected. ETI approval coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic, during which a steeper decline of <i>V</i>'_O₂ _peak in ETI-naive people with CF was observed. However, this potential confounder did not significantly impact the overall longitudinal improvement in <i>V</i>'_O₂ _peak trajectory following ETI introduction (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The longitudinal trend in <i>V</i>'_O₂ _peak progression from adolescence to young adulthood is impaired in people with CF, but the initiation of ETI can have a positive impact on this trajectory.</p>","PeriodicalId":11739,"journal":{"name":"ERJ Open Research","volume":"11 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12230750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of asthma exacerbation between high and low blood eosinophil counts.","authors":"Duong Duc Pham, Yeonhee Kim, Woo-Jung Song, Hyouk-Soo Kwon, You Sook Cho, Tae-Bum Kim","doi":"10.1183/23120541.01218-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1183/23120541.01218-2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite treatment advances, managing asthma remains challenging owing to variability in response across different type 2 inflammation phenotypes. We aimed to compare the differences in pre-treatment profiles related to 12-month asthma exacerbation in patients with baseline high and low blood eosinophil count (BEC) levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 438 and 231 patients with asthma with pre-treatment BEC levels >300 cells·μL^-1 (high BEC) and <150 cells·μL^-1 (low BEC), respectively, and no history of systemic corticosteroid use. 40 pre-treatment variables were collected and exacerbation occurrences were tracked over 12 months. The least absolute shrink and selection operator (LASSO) regression was applied to identify key variables for predicting exacerbation occurrences in the two BEC groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline characteristics, including impaired lung function, female sex and sensitivity to stress as an asthma trigger were important predictors of exacerbation in both BEC groups. Significant characteristics related to exacerbation in the high-BEC group included high pre-treatment BEC levels, history of smoking, sensitivity to tobacco smoke and allergic-related conditions. In contrast, key characteristics associated with exacerbation in the low-BEC group included high baseline peripheral neutrophil counts, current smokers, history of tuberculosis and the use of long-acting β2 agonists plus long-acting muscarinic agonists. The prediction model for 12-month exacerbation using baseline characteristics had stronger predictive power in the low-BEC group than the high-BEC group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The exacerbation profiles of patients with asthma with high and low pretreatment BEC levels share some common characteristics despite substantial differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":11739,"journal":{"name":"ERJ Open Research","volume":"11 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12230747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}