ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.最新文献

{"title":"Descriptive Study on the Reading Comprehension Level of First Level Students of higher Education Careers in 2022, Quito – Ecua","authors":"Karelys Keiko Cánchica Colina, Georgina Estefanía Flores","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14458","url":null,"abstract":"The level of reading comprehension in Latin America is considered below the world average. This reality brings problems in young people who enter the level of higher education. A study was conducted with the first-level students of the academic period 2021-2022 of the Higher Technology Careers in Quito, Ecuador; to analyze the level of reading comprehension of students through the application of the evaluation instrument adapted for the higher level institute obtaining the reading comprehension level of the sample. The methodology was developed using a mixed exploratory approach, under a nonexperimental design. Bibliography was analyzed in different repositories of bibliographic sources; the results were analyzed from the approach of the theory of hermeneutics Gadamer(1960) and constructivist Vygotsky (1948). The research contributes to obtaining the evaluated indicator, obtaining data of n = 633 students, located 25% in starting range, 60% in the process range; being the largest number located in this value, 9% in the achievement range, 0% in the highlighted range, while the 6% of the sample does not respond to the test. It is recommended to teachers of higher education careers, to expand their learning styles using diverse resources of types of texts (instructive, narrative, and argumentative), for the advancement, contribution, and solution of reading comprehension in students.
 Keywords: Reading level, students higher education, test, ranks.
 Resumen 
 El nivel de comprensión lectora en Latinoamérica está considerado por debajo del promedio mundial, esta realidad acarrea problemas en los jóvenes que ingresan al nivel de educación superior. Se realizó un estudio con estudiantes del primer nivel del período académico 2021-2022, de las Carreras de Tecnología Superior en Quito, Ecuador; para analizar el nivel de compresión lectora de los estudiantes, por medio de la aplicación del instrumento de evaluación, adaptado para el instituto de nivel superior, obteniendo el nivel de comprensión lectora de la muestra. La metodología fue desarrollada con un enfoque exploratorio mixto, bajo un diseño no experimental, se analizó bibliografía en diferentes repositorios de fuentes bibliográficas; se analizaron los resultados desde el enfoque de la teoría de la hermenéutica de Gadamer (1960) y constructivista de Vygotsky (1948). La investigación contribuye a la obtención del indicador evaluado, obteniendo datos de n=633 estudiantes, ubicados el 25% en rango inicio, el 60% en el rango proceso; siendo el mayor número ubicados en este valor, el 9% en el rango logro, el 0% en el rango destacado y el 6% de la muestra no responde el test. Se recomienda a los profesores de las carreras de educación superior, ampliar los estilos de aprendizaje utilizando como recursos diversidad de tipos de textos (instructivos, narrativos, argumentativos), para el avance, contribución y solución de la comprensión lectora en los estudiantes.
 Palabras Clave: Nivel d","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135290888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electronic Design of a DC-DC Boost Converter for Powering a Lo-Ra Communication Board with Bioelectricity by “Plantas Andinas”","authors":"K. Alarcón-Maz, B. Balseca-Dahu, G. Alarcón-Maz, D. Aguay- Saquariña","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14476","url":null,"abstract":"The use of bioelectricity in various areas of science has made it indispensable to resort to new technologies to take full advantage of this natural resource. Plants are living beings, and through their biochemical processes produce a small amount of electricity derived from oxidation-reduction processes. For this reason, it is proposed to use electronic and power techniques to increase the flow of electrons produced by plants of Andean characteristics, and consequently feed a Lo-Ra type communication card, meeting the needs of long-distance data transmission, used in the collection of field information, either in areas where access or availability of power lines is complex. This proposal motivates us to continue working on sustainable energy and the exploitation of natural resources. This document details the theory, practice, and methods used to meet the objective of supplying power to a wireless communication system over a long distance. First, a description of the most important issues to be addressed is developed, and then special focus is given to the design for development of the power electronics circuit, specifically an elevator type DC-DC converter. Finally, the results obtained through the implementation used in this case are documented.
 Keywords: bioelectricity, MFC, boost-converter, Andean plants, totora, Lo-Ra TTGO.
 Resumen
 El uso de bioelectricidad en diversas áreas de la ciencia ha hecho indispensable recurrir a nuevas tecnologías para aprovechar al máximo este recurso natural. Las plantas, como seres vivos, producen una pequeña cantidad de electricidad a través de sus procesos bioquímicos, derivada de procesos de oxidación-reducción. Por esta razón, se propone utilizar técnicas electrónicas y de potencia para aumentar el flujo de electrones producidos por plantas de características andinas, y alimentar así una tarjeta de comunicación de tipo Lo-Ra, satisfaciendo las necesidades de transmisión de datos a larga distancia, utilizadas en la recolección de información de campo, ya sea en áreas donde el acceso o la disponibilidad de líneas eléctricas es compleja Esta propuesta motiva a continuar trabajando en energía sostenible y en la explotación de recursos naturales. Este documento detalla la teoría, práctica y los métodos utilizados para cumplir con el objetivo de suministrar energía a un sistema de comunicación inalámbrico a larga distancia. En primer lugar, se desarrolla una descripción de los temas más importantes a abordar, y luego se presta especial atención al desarrollo del diseño del circuito de electrónica de potencia, específicamente un convertidor DC-DC tipo elevador; y finalmente, se documentan los resultados obtenidos a través de la implementación utilizada en este caso.
 Palabras Clave: bioelectricidad, CCM, convertidor-elevador, plantas andinas, totora, TTGO Lo-Ra.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Temperature Behavior in the Flow of Combustion Gases of a Gasoline Engine in its Exhaust System Using the PTEC-593 Driving Cycle","authors":"J Anchatuña, J Pancha, R Moreno","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14468","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to analyze the temperature behavior along the exhaust system based on the PTEC-593 conduction cycle using thermocouples. A bibliographic review has been carried out to understand the temperature distribution throughout the system; therefore, four points were chosen for the study the exhaust manifold, before the catalyst, then the catalyst, and the end of the exhaust pipe. Thus, the vehicle exhaust system is coupled with type K thermocouples and modified to include a three-way catalyst and a new system with SAE J403 1008 steel pipe of 2 1/2 inches in diameter. The tests during the driving cycle were carried out in the city of Latacunga at an altitude of 2800 meters and an average temperature of 12∘C. Other tests involved idling at different times of the day, and the last one was on the route of ”the chasqui,” so the vehicle is in several possible scenarios. As a result, the exhaust manifold temperature was higher than 417∘C, the initial system temperature after the catalyst was 310∘C, the exhaust pipe end temperature was lower than 160∘C, and the idling temperature did not exceed 230∘C. It was concluded that the best place to place a TEG is after the catalyst because at this time we do not affect the wrong readings of the lambda probe, which would lead to fuel consumption and high emissions of polluting gases.&#x0D; Keywords: thermal energy, exhaust temperatura, exhaust manifolds, catalysts, driving cycle, energy efficiency.&#x0D; Resumen&#x0D; El propósito de este estudio es analizar el comportamiento de la temperatura a lo largo del sistema de escape basado en el ciclo de conducción PTEC-593 utilizando termocuplas. Para ello se ha realizado una revisión bibliografíca donde se puede entender la distribución de temperatura a lo largo del sistema, por tanto se escogieron 4 puntos para el estudio: el colector de escape, antes del catalizador, después el catalizador y el final del tubo de escape. Así, al sistema de escape del vehículo se acoplo termocuplas tipo K, y se modificado para incluir un catalizador de tres vías y un nuevo sistema con tubería de acero SAE J403 1008 de 2 1/2 pulgadas de diámetro. Las pruebas durante el ciclo de conducción se realizaron en la ciudad de Latacunga a una altura de 2800 msnm y un clima promedio de 12∘C, otras pruebas en ralentí a diferentes horas del día y en la última fue en la ruta de “el chasqui”, por lo que el vehículo se encuentra en varios escenarios posibles. Como resultado, la temperatura del colector de escape fue superior a 417 ∘C, la temperatura inicial del sistema después del catalizador fue de 310 ∘C, la temperatura al final del tubo de escape fue inferior a 160 ∘C y la temperatura de ralentí no superó los 230 ∘C. Se concluyó que el mejor lugar para colocar un TEG es después del catalizador, debido a que en este momento no afectamos las lecturas erróneas de la sonda lambda, que conllevaría a un consumo de combustible y alta emisión de gases contaminantes.&#x0D; Palabras Clave: <ENERGÍA ","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motivations to adopt Agroecology in rural communities of the Northern Andes of Ecuador","authors":"M. Ayala Ayala, M. Lane, R. Montúfar","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14479","url":null,"abstract":"Agroecology (AE) is a discipline of study that is consistently expanding in the scientific, sociopolitical, and environmental fields, both globally and regionally in Latin America. This study focuses on understanding the dynamics and diversity of motivations that farmers have when deciding whether to adopt AE or not in the Northern Andes of Ecuador. Using mixed methods, we described the historical evolution of the perceptions of agroecological practitioners and external agents regarding the motivations, incentives, compensations, and expectations they had. This study discusses the nature and dynamics of motivations using sustainability as a transversal axis to assess responses. We worked with a proportionally similar number of indigenous and mestizo farmers who declared to have an interest in the study and had access to a piece of land for agroecological production. This study reveals convergences and divergences of perceptions among stakeholders about the different strategies used by external agencies to address AE and rural extension. The types and levels of participation throughout the historical evolution of AE showed low participation of farmers in the early stages, associated with planning; however, there was a steady increase in farmer participation in the stages associated with hands-on activities. In general, there is very little motivation for agroecological food production among youth and men, whereas younger rural men and women feel more motivated to work on agribusiness export projects such as the cut-flower industry.&#x0D; Keywords: incentives, compensations, sustainable agriculture, behavioral drivers, stakeholder motivations, environmental perception.&#x0D; Resumen&#x0D; La agroecología es una disciplina que se encuentra en constante expansión en el ámbito científico, sociopolítico y ambiental, tanto a nivel mundial como regional en América Latina. Este estudio se centra en comprender la dinámica y diversidad de motivaciones que tienen los agricultores a la hora de decidir adoptar o no la agroecología (AE) en los Andes del Norte de Ecuador. Utilizando métodos mixtos, describimos la evolución histórica de las percepciones de los agricultores y de los agentes externos sobre las motivaciones, incentivos, compensaciones y expectativas que tenían. Este estudio analiza la naturaleza y la dinámica de las motivaciones utilizando la sostenibilidad como eje transversal para evaluar las respuestas. Se trabajó con un número proporcionalmente similar de agricultores indígenas y mestizos, quienes declararon tener interés en el presente estudio y que tenían acceso a un pedazo de tierra para la producción agroecológica. Este estudio revela convergencias y divergencias de percepciones entre los actores involucrados acerca de las diferentes estrategias utilizadas por los organismos externos para abordar la AE y la extensión rural. Los tipos y niveles de participación a lo largo de la evolución histórica de la AE mostraron una baja participación de ","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Main Polar Metabolites from Leaves of the Native Andean Species Jungia rugosa Less (Asteraceae)","authors":"V. Verdugo, K. Calvopiña, O. Malagón, G. Gilardoni","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14460","url":null,"abstract":"The ethanolic extract of Jungia rugosa Less, a popular Andean species belonging to the family Asteraceae, was characterized chemically. The extract was deprived of chlorophyll by solid-phase extraction, using Diaion Hp-20 resin as solid phase, and eluting with a mixture of EtOH/H2O according to a decreasing polarity gradient. The chlorophyll-free extract was then repeatedly fractionated by open column chromatography in normal phase and preparative thin layer chromatography. Two main metabolites were finally purified and identified through structure elucidation. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were the 2 techniques used for analysis. The identified metabolites were coumarins: (1) umbelliferone and (2) coumarin-5- methyl-4α-glucoside. Compound 1 is known in the literature for having anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, and antitumor activities. Compound 2 has not been described before for this botanical genus and its pharmacological effects are still uninvestigated.&#x0D; Keywords: Jungia rugosa, umbelliferone, coumarin-5-methyl-4-glucoside, NMR, ESI-MS, Ecuador.&#x0D; Resumen &#x0D; Se caracterizó químicamente el extracto etanólico de Jungia rugosa Less, una popular especie andina perteneciente a la familia Asteraceae. Se eliminó las clorofilas al extracto mediante extracción en fase sólida, utilizando como fase sólida resina de Diaion Hp-20 y eluyendo con una mezcla de EtOH/H2O según un gradiente de polaridad decreciente. El extracto libre de clorofila se fraccionó repetidamente mediante cromatografía en columna abierta en fase normal y cromatografía en capa fina preparativa. Finalmente, se purificaron e identificaron dos metabolitos principales mediante la elucidación de la estructura. Se utilizaron espectroscopía de resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) y espectrometría de masas de ionización por aspersión de electrones (ESI-MS). Los metabolitos identificados fueron las cumarinas: umbeliferona (1) y cumarina-5-metil-4α-glucósido (2). El compuesto 1 es conocido en la literatura por tener actividad antiinflamatoria, antihiperglucémica y antitumoral. El compuesto 2 no se ha descrito antes para este género botánico y sus efectos farmacológicos aún no se han investigado.&#x0D; Palabras Clave: Jungia rugosa, umbeliferona, cumarina-5-metil-4-glucósido, RMN, ESI-MS, Ecuador.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135292121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Econometric Analysis of Remittances Sent from Spain and the United States to Ecuador Between 2010 and 2021","authors":"F.L Villarreal Satama","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14415","url":null,"abstract":"Remittances received by developing countries have made an important contribution to the state economy, be it for internal consumption or savings, and have resulted in a social problem in the family sphere. This work aims to analyze the behavior of remittances that come from Spain and the United States to Ecuador from 2010 to 2021, using the econometric technique of multiple linear regression and cointegration analysis. The main results indicate that it continues to be an important item in Ecuador’s GDP and balance of payments. Many households still have in remittances the basic income that the family allows. The increase in the GDP of the United States and Spain (0.79 and 0.91 respectively) are closely related to the increase in remittances to Ecuador; that is, as the variable increases, remittances increase. Therefore, it is of special interest for the government to establish adequate policies in its management.&#x0D; Keywords: remittances, migration, multiple regression, cointegration analysis.&#x0D; Resumen &#x0D; Las remesas que receptan los países en vías de desarrollo han contribuido de manera importante en la economía estatal, sea para consumo interno, ahorro, ha traído como consecuencia un problema social en el ámbito familiar. El propósito de este trabajo es analizar el comportamiento de las remesas que provienen desde España y Estados unidos al Ecuador del 2010 al 2021, mediante la técnica econométrica de la regresión lineal múltiple y análisis de cointegración. Los principales resultados indican que sigue siendo un rubro importante en el PIB y en la balanza de pagos del Ecuador. Muchos hogares, aún tienen en las remesas el ingreso básico que les permite a la familia. El aumento del PIB de EE. UU., y España (0,79 y 0,91respectivamente) guardan una estrecha relación con el aumento de envío de remesas al Ecuador, es decir aumenta esta variable y las remesas incrementan, por lo que, es de especial interés para el gobierno para establecer políticas adecuadas en su manejo.&#x0D; Palabras Clave: Remesas,Migración, Regresión múltiple, Análisis de cointegración.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Explicit Instruction on Learning Vocabulary and Text Comprehension","authors":"J. Zambrano Ramírez, C. Patiño Guallichico","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14467","url":null,"abstract":"The present study examined whether vocabulary intervention improves text comprehension by explicitly teaching words. The participants were institutionalized students aged between 9 and 12 years (n = 23), who completed five sessions based on solid vocabulary instruction. The semantic understanding of the taught words was measured before and after the intervention. Subsequently, they read two matched texts, one containing taught words (i.e., explicit instruction) and one without (i.e., minimal guidance instruction). The data suggest that solid vocabulary instruction significantly improved word comprehension. Specifically, they performed better in terms of the number of words learned and the amount of responses to implicit and explicit questions. It is recommended for teachers to conduct direct and explicit vocabulary interventions to improve reading comprehension in institutionalized students.&#x0D; Keywords: explicit teaching, reading skills, institutionalized students.&#x0D; Resumen&#x0D; El presente estudio examinó si la intervención del vocabulario mejora el conocimiento de textos enseñando explícitamente las palabras. Los participantes fueron estudiantes de 9 a 12 años en condición de institucionalización (n = 23), quienes completaron 5 sesiones basadas en instrucción de vocabulario sólido. La comprensión semántica de las palabras enseñadas se midió antes y después de la intervención. Posteriormente, leyeron 2 textos emparejados, 1 que contiene palabras enseñadas (i.e., instrucción explicita) y 1 no (i.e., instrucción con guía mínima). Los datos sugieren que la instrucción del vocabulario sólido mejoró significativamente la comprensión de palabras. Específicamente, tuvieron mejor desempeño en el número de palabras aprendidas y en la cantidad de las respuestas a las preguntas implícitas y explícitas. Se recomienda a los docentes conducir intervenciones directas y explícitas de vocabulario para mejorar la comprensión lectora en estudiantes institucionalizados.&#x0D; Palabras Clave: enseñanza explícita, destreza lectora, estudiantes institucionalizados.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Modified Mechanical Properties in the Repair by SMAW Welding of Plow Discs in Andean Agricultural Areas","authors":"E. Calderón Freire, A. Tenicota García, D. D González Riofrío, K. R Parra Hernández","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14472","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this contribution is to analyze the results of the technical studies of mechanical properties in standard plow discs, after their repair by manual arc welding with a SMAW coated electrode, commonly used in tillage tasks in Andean agricultural areas. For the repair process, the available, convenient, and easily acquired resources are implemented, such as consumables, equipment, and accessories necessary for the procedure. The nature of the base material was initially determined, by means of a spark spectrometry study for the case of worn plow discs, in such a way that the characteristic alloying elements of AISI-SAE 1340 steel are evident. The base of the original material allows defining and implementing essential and non-essential variables of the SMAW welding process according to AWS D1.1 and D14.3; therefore, the lap joint is designed, comprising of a worn disc plus similar sacrificial metals of identical conditions. As a conventional part of the welding processes, the quality control of the welds is carried out by means of penetrating inks under the ASTM E-165 standard, the respective measurements of the mechanical properties achieved, maintain analog factory hardness values of 37 HRC and increases the hardenability of the lap-type weld bead. Finally, it is concluded that the repair process contributes to a sustainable and efficient alternative that preserves the average hardness and improves hardenability, which are necessary to withstand the operational context that induces the typical premature wear of clayey and humid soils.&#x0D; Keywords: Hardness, hardenability, plow disc, welding, agricultural soil.&#x0D; Resumen&#x0D; El presente aporte tiene el objetivo de analizar los resultados de los estudios técnicos de propiedades mecánicas en discos de arado estándar, posterior a su reparación por soldadura de arco manual con electrodo revestido SMAW, de uso común en labores de labranza de zonas agrícolas andinas. Para el proceso de la reparación, se implementan los recursos disponibles, convenientes y de fácil adquisición, como consumibles, equipos y accesorios necesarios para el procedimiento. Se determina inicialmente la naturaleza del material base, mediante un estudio de espectrometría de chispa para el caso de discos de arado desgastados, de tal manera se evidencia los elementos aleantes característicos del acero AISI-SAE 1340. La base del material original permite definir e implementar variables esenciales y no esenciales del proceso de soldadura SMAW según AWS D1.1 y D14.3, por lo tanto, se diseña la junta de traslape, que comprende de un disco desgastado más metales similares de sacrificio de condiciones idénticas. Como parte convencional de los procesos de soldadura se realiza el control de calidad de las soldaduras mediante tintas penetrantes bajo la normativa ASTM E-165, las respectivas mediciones de las propiedades mecánicas conseguidas, mantienen valores de dureza de fábrica 37 HRC análogos y la templabilidad aum","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Urinary Tract Infection in Pregnancy","authors":"L Rojas Pérez, B Cruz Basantes, L Rojas Cruz, A Rojas Cruz","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14410","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary tract infection is a frequent occurrence in pregnancy that can increase the risk of complications; therefore, it is essential to investigate it at the first prenatal consultation. It is classified as asymptomatic bacteriuria, cystitis, and pyelonephritis. This research aims to determine the most appropriate treatment for urinary tract infections during pregnancy according to the best available evidence. The methodology implemented a clinical question: What is the best treatment for urinary tract infections during pregnancy? The PICO format helped search for scientific information, such as the pregnant women’s population with urinary tract infections, whether the intervention received was an antibiotic treatment, was the comparison a no antibiotic treatment, and the result of preventing complications during pregnancy. The databases consulted were PubMed, Cochrane Library, the ACCESSSS search engine, Epistemonikos, DynaMed, and UpToDate. As a result of the information search process, 305 articles were obtained, of which 255 were discarded for not being within the inclusion criteria and 51 were used in this investigation. Of these 50 articles, 15 were eliminated because they were duplicates and 37 were used in this review. In conclusion, urinary tract infection causes increased perinatal maternal morbidity and mortality; therefore, it is essential to investigate and treat it.&#x0D; Keywords: urinary tract infections, pregnancy, drug therapy.&#x0D; Resumen &#x0D; La infección del trato urinario es una afectación frecuente en el embarazo que puede aumentar el riego de complicaciones, por lo tanto, es fundamental investigarla desde la primera consulta prenatal, se clasifica en bacteriuria asintomática, cistitis y pielonefritis. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar el tratamiento más adecuado para los cuadros de infección del tracto urinario durante el embarazo de acuerdo a la mejor evidencia disponible. En la metodología se implementó como pregunta clínica ¿cuál es el mejor tratamiento para la infección del tracto urinario durante el embarazo? bajo el formato PICO que ayudó en la búsqueda de información científica, la población son las mujeres gestantes con infección del tracto urinario, la intervención es el tratamiento antibiótico recibido, la comparación fue el no tratamiento antibiótico y el resultado la prevención de complicaciones durante el embarazo. Las bases de datos consultadas fueron PubMed, Cochrane Library, el buscador ACCESSSS, Epistemonikos, DynaMed y UpToDate. En el resultado del proceso de búsqueda de la información se obtuvo 305 artículos de los cuales se descartaron 255 por no estar dentro de los criterios de inclusión y se utilizaron 51 artículos que se servirán en esta investigación; de estos 50 se eliminan 15 artículos por estar duplicados y finalmente 37 artículos se utilizarán para la elaboración de esta revisión. Como principales conclusiones tenemos que la infección del tracto urinario causa aumento de la mo","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135292228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Administration Model 4.0 and its Impact on the Improvement of Public Services","authors":"X.A Mosquera Rodríguez, A.L Medina Burbano","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14457","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation analyzed the relationship between the satisfaction of the users of a public company in charge of the vehicle registration process in the city of Babahoyo, province of Los Ríos, Ecuador, and the implementation of an administration model 4.0 carried out through a system of management information in the area of license plate issuance, given the increase in users of this service and the need to guarantee and improve their satisfaction. For this purpose, some models related to management information systems and the public administration model 4.0 were analyzed. Later, analyzing the results of a survey applied to a sample of service users and officials of the public company, it was possible to diagnose the situation of the company’s registration area. The investigation evidenced the existence of unfriendly systems with the information needs of the institution, in addition to a low level of commitment on the part of the staff, which is demonstrated in the reduced or non-existent post-service follow-up, all of which causes user dissatisfaction. It is concluded that it is advisable to design and apply customer relationship management under the 4.0 public administration model that allows an increase in the level of user satisfaction.&#x0D; Keywords: CRM, quality management, users’ service, public management, transportation.&#x0D; Resumen &#x0D; La presente investigación analizó la relación entre la satisfacción de los usuarios de una Empresa pública encargada del proceso de matriculación vehicular en la ciudad de Babahoyo, provincia de Los Ríos, Ecuador y la implementación de un modelo de administración 4.0 realizada a través de un sistema de información gerencial en el área de emisión de matrículas, ante el incremento de usuarios de este servicio y la necesidad de garantizar y mejorar su satisfacción. Para el efecto se analizaron algunos modelos relacionados con los sistemas de información gerencial y el modelo de administración pública 4.0, y posteriormente, analizando los resultados de una encuesta aplicada a una muestra de usuarios del servicio y a funcionarios de la Empresa pública, se pudo diagnosticar la situación del área de matriculación de la empresa. La investigación evidenció la existencia de sistemas poco amigables con las necesidades de información de la institución, además de un bajo nivel de compromiso por parte del personal, que se demuestra en el reducido o inexistente seguimiento post servicio, todo lo cual provoca insatisfacción de los usuarios. Se concluye que es recomendable diseñar y aplicar un sistema de gestión de relaciones con el cliente bajo el modelo de administración pública 4.0 que permita el incremento del nivel de satisfacción de los usuarios.&#x0D; Palabras Clave: CRM, gestión de calidad, atención al usuario, administración pública, transportación. How to","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}