ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.最新文献

{"title":"Development of a Method for Diagnosing Faults in Hydraulic Systems Using Artificial Neural Networks with Deep Learning","authors":"Hugo Mera, Félix García, Edisson Calderón","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i3.16614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i3.16614","url":null,"abstract":"The application of artificial intelligence is a recent improvement in the industry, allowing preventive maintenance to be applied as a reliability method for detecting failures in hydraulic systems. This is achieved by using artificial neural networks (ANN) as classifiers to make automatic binary and categorical decisions. Since these systems have multiple conditions and sub-conditions that can be complex for normal analysis, the UCI repository database is relied upon to construct an intelligent algorithm of artificial neural networks with deep learning. This has proven to be a highly effective way of predicting failures, with an overall accuracy rate of 97% when applying the intelligent model to the system. As a result, it can be concluded that deep learning is much more efficient than classical machine learning. \u0000Keywords: artificial intelligence, predictive maintenance, artificial neural networks, deep learning. \u0000Resumen \u0000La aplicación de la inteligencia artificial es la nueva mejora en la industria, permitiendo que el mantenimiento preventivo se aplique como método de confiabilidad para la detección de fallos en sistemas hidráulicos aplicando Redes neuronales artificiales (ANN), utilizándoles como clasificadores para obtener una toma de decisiones automáticas de manera binaria y categórica, ya que dichos sistemas poseen varias condiciones y subcondiciones que se vuelven complejas para un análisis normal, apoyándose en la base de datos del repositorio de la UCI, siendo analizados para la construcción de un algoritmo inteligente de redes neuronales artificiales con Deep Learning (aprendizaje profundo), demostrando así un alto desenvolvimiento en la predicción de fallos, obteniéndose un 97% de exactitud (accuracy) de manera general en la aplicación del modelo inteligente al sistema. Se concluye que la aplicación del aprendizaje profundo es mucho más eficiente comparado con el aprendizaje automático clásico. \u0000Palabras Clave: Inteligencia artificial, mantenimiento predictivo, Redes Neuronales Artificiales, Aprendizaje profundo.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Six Sigma as a Methodology to Reduce Weight Variability: Antonio Dairy Case Study","authors":"W. Santander Romero, J. Moyano Alulema, A. Guamán Lozano, E. García Cabezas","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i3.16709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i3.16709","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this was to improve the procedure for making cheese in the Antonio dairy company applying Six Sigma. The following work was presented, which focused on reducing the variability of the weight of the units made. It begins with the DMAIC methodology in the definition phase of the problem with the data record of the productive part to apply tools such as the five whys, Ishikawa diagram, analysis of variances. The mixed experimental design of three factors is executed, taking into account the discharge speed of the curd, hardening time, and the operators who work in the process, where it is determined that 70.26% of the variability of the weight of the cheeses are caused by these three factors. In the part that corresponds to results in the improvement of the production process of the product detailed in this study, it is focused on these important points. Regarding the application of the improvement of the process, a 15 minutes increase is made in the hardening of the curd after having carried out the standardization in the unloading taking speed as a variable. In said improvement, all the personnel that work in the dosing machine, thus managing to reduce variability by 24.37% and likewise reduce the number of cuts and waste in the production line with a saving of 44,616 USD per year. \u0000Keywords: Six Sigma, DMAIC, variability of weights, standardization, dairy.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141809615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties and Metallograpical Characterization of ASTM A36 Steel Welded Joints, with GMAW Process","authors":"David Andrés Albán Naranjo, Carlos Oswaldo, Serrano Aguiar, Geovanny Guillermo Novillo Andrade","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i3.16624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i3.16624","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to evaluate the mechanical properties and carry out the metallographic characterization of the butt-welded joints of ASTM A36 steel, with ER70S-6 filler material under the GMAW process. It was developed from a quantitative point of view attached to a correlational and experimental approach, through data collection techniques and content analysis. The welding process was based on established parameters such as voltage, amperage, and wire feeding speed, which were then evaluated to develop the experimental process, evaluated properties, and metallographically characterized welded joints. Three plate thicknesses were analyzed, which were welded in various combinations with different parameter values, obtaining four combinations for each thickness. In each of these combinations, ultrasound, traction, face, and root bending tests were carried out. Later, the metallographic analysis was carried out based on three analysis zones: fusion zone, heataffected zone, and base-metal zone, in addition to this, the width of the heat-affected zone, the grain size, and the hardness were also analyzed. Based on the above, five combinations were identified whose beads presented good properties, 250 IPM combinations being the most outstanding. These combinations presented good weldability in the three thicknesses considered, despite having different voltage and amperage ranges. \u0000Keywords: welding, metallography, ASTM A36 steel, mechanical properties. \u0000Resumen \u0000El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar las propiedades mecánicas y realizar la caracterización metalográfica de las juntas soldadas a tope de acero ASTM A36, con material de aporte ER70S-6 bajo el proceso GMAW, se lo desarrolló desde un punto de vista cuantitativo apegado a un enfoque correlacional y experimental, mediante técnicas de recopilación de datos y el análisis de contenidos, se establecieron los parámetros iniciales a tener en cuenta en el proceso de soldado, siendo estos: voltaje, amperaje y velocidad de alimentación del alambre, desarrollado el proceso experimental, se procedió a evaluar las propiedades y se caracterizó metalograficamente las uniones soldadas. Se analizaron tres espesores de placas, las cuales fueron soldadas en varias combinaciones con diferentes valores de parámetros, obteniéndose cuatro combinaciones por cada espesor. En cada una de estas combinaciones se realizaron pruebas de: ultrasonido, tracción, doblez de cara y raíz; y, posteriormente, se realizó el análisis metalográfico, enfocado en tres zonas de análisis: zona de fusión, zona afectada por calor y zona del metal base, adicional a esto, se determinó el ancho de la zona afectada por calor, el tamaño de grano y la dureza. Con base a lo anterior se identificaron cinco combinaciones cuyos cordones presentaron buenas propiedades, siendo las combinaciones de 250 IPM las más destacadas, dado que, con diversos rangos de voltaje y amperaje, las uniones soldadas presentaron buena soldabilidad en los tres espe","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141808205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Ergonomic Risks Factors in a Dental Center Located in the Historical Center of the City of Riobamba","authors":"J. Calderón-Vallejo, A. A Noguera-Cundar, L. Castro-Cepeda, M. Moreno- Barriga","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i3.16613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i3.16613","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation focuses on ergonomic study of different activities, belonging to the Mipymes group, carried out in a dental office in the city of Riobamba. Analysis carried out within the research project ”Strengthen the preventive management of occupational health and safety within the MSMEs of the Riobamba canton.” The tasks performed by dental professionals require static postures, high workloads, and ergonomics. Therefore, the physical and postural activities carried out by dentists in their different specialties are evaluated, which leads to an ergonomic study of the dental workplace, using the REBA methodology, which evaluates the worker’s posture, identifying incorrect body positions. The results obtained show, in effect, that the postures of those who work in the dental area are inadequate, causing short and long-term health conditions. Finally, a set of corrections and a preventive plan are proposed to reduce ergonomic risks. \u0000Keywords: safety, ergonomics, dentistry, REBA, MIPYMES. \u0000Resumen \u0000En la presente investigación se muestra un estudio ergonómico de las diferentes actividades que se realizan en un consultorio odontológico, perteneciente al grupo de las Mipymes de la ciudad de Riobamba. Análisis efectuado dentro del proyecto de investigación “Fortalecer la gestión preventiva de la seguridad y salud ocupacional dentro de las MIPYMES del cantón Riobamba”. Las tareas realizadas por los profesionales dentales requieren posturas estáticas, carga laboral y ergonómica alta. Por tanto, se evalúan las actividades físicas y posturales que realizan los odontólogos en sus diferentes especialidades, que conlleva a un estudio ergonómico del puesto de trabajo odontológico, utilizando la metodología REBA, misma que evalúa la postura del trabajador, identificando posiciones corporales incorrectas. Los resultados obtenidos muestran en efecto, que las posturas de quienes laboran en el área dental son inadecuadas provocando afecciones a corto y largo plazo de su salud, finalmente se propone un conjunto de correcciones y un plan preventivo para disminuir los riesgos ergonómicos. \u0000Palabras Clave: seguridad, ergonomía, odontología, REBA, MIPYMES.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141809830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency of Conventional Method of Protection Against Corrosion in ASTM A36 Steels in Saline Medium","authors":"E. Calderón Freire, A. Tenicota García, C. Redroban, J. Caiza Vega, F. Gamboa Rodriguez","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i3.16621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i3.16621","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to compare the performance of three anti-corrosion protection methods and estimate the corrosion rate according to the ASTM G1-03 standard in ASTM A36 steel plates. The applied methodology follows the procedure established in the ASTM G31-21 and ASTM G1-03 standards. While a chemical solution based on the ASTM G44 standards was used for corrosion. The corrosion rate was carried out by calculating the optimal sample size of the number of steel witness plates A36 to be immersed in a 3.5% sodium chloride solution, placed in 4 polypropylene vats, simulating the corrosive environment under conditions containing a pH between 6-7 and a temperature between 25-30ºC. For the first method, a polymeric coating was applied according to the SSPC-PA 1 standard using high-volume solids epoxy paints with a corrosion rate of 0.0502 mm/year. In the second method, cathodic protection was applied by sacrificial anode on the witness plates obtaining a speed of 0.0275 mm/year. The third method used a sacrificial anode by an impressed current in which an external source was used to circulate current between the anode and cathode, resulting in 0.0096 mm/year. \u0000Keywords: corrosion, surface protection, corrosion rate, ASTM A36 steel, sacrificial anode. \u0000Resumen \u0000El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el rendimiento de tres métodos de protección anticorrosiva y estimar la velocidad de corrosión según la norma ASTM G1-03 en placas de acero ASTMA36. La metodología aplicada sigue el procedimiento establecido en las normas ASTM G31-21 y ASTM G1-03, mientras que para la corrosión se utilizó una solución química basada en las normas ASTM G44. La velocidad de corrosión se llevó a cabo mediante el cálculo del tamaño de muestra óptimo de número de placas testigos de acero A36 a sumergir en una solución de cloruro de sodio al 3.5%, colocado en 4 cubas de polipropileno, simulando el ambiente corrosivo en condiciones que contenían un pH entre 6-7 y una temperatura entre 25-30ºC. Como primera instancia en el primer método se aplicó un recubrimiento polimérico según la norma SSPC-PA 1 mediante pinturas How to epóxicas de alto sólidos en volumen teniendo una velocidad de corrosión de 0.0502 mm/año, en el segundo método se aplicó protección catódica por ánodo de sacrificio en las placas testigos obteniendo una velocidad de 0,0275 mm/año y para el tercer método se empleó un ánodo de sacrificio por corriente impresa en el cual utilizaremos una fuente externa para hacer circular corriente entre el ánodo y cátodo, teniendo como resultado 0,0096 mm/año. \u0000Palabras Clave: corrosión, protección superficial, velocidad de corrosión, acero astm a36, ánodo de sacrificio.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141809462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fuel Chemical Composition Analysis Based on Additives","authors":"Ing. Denny Guanuche, Steven Bedon A., Paul Salazar M.","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i3.16615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i3.16615","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Based on the chemical composition of the extra gasoline fuel compared to four octane booster additives, this study aims to analyze the existing variation in determining a possible solution to the current problem of commercialized fuels. Methodology: In the testing phase, with the help of a gas analyzer, tests were carried out on each mixture used in the vehicle. With the results obtained, the Faires Virgil equation was balanced in order to determine the chemical composition of the fuel with each mixture of octane booster. The additive that obtained a closer approximation to the ideal chemical composition was subjected to an elemental analysis in a laboratory test. Results: The chemical composition calculations determined that the mixture of Extra and Liqui Moly fuel obtained a result of C14.9 – H28.81; thus, approximating the ideal chemical composition of C12.8 – H26.6 established by Faires Virgil. Conclusion: It is concluded that the use of an octane booster additive in Extra gasoline is not a feasible option to equal or exceed a higher quality fuel such as Super gasoline in this case, and that the changes produced in the chemical composition are almost imperceptible. However, in a laboratory test, a better appreciation of the variation in chemical composition is obtained. \u0000Keywords: additive, carbon, hydrogen, polluting emissions, fuel. \u0000Resumen \u0000Introducción Estudio en base a la composición química del combustible de la gasolina extra en comparación con cuatro aditivos elevadores de octanaje con el objetivo de analizar la variación existente en un vehículo comercial, con el fin de determinar una posible solución a la problemática actual de los combustibles comercializados. Metodología En la fase de pruebas con la ayuda de un analizador de gases, se realizaron pruebas a cada mezcla empleada en el vehículo y con los resultados obtenidos se balanceó la ecuación de Faires Virgil con el propósito de determinar la composición química de combustible con cada mezcla de elevador de octanajey el aditivo que obtuvo una mayor aproximación a la composición química ideal, fue sometido a un análisis elemental en una prueba de laboratorio. Resultados Con los cálculos de composición química realizados, se determinó que la mezcla de combustible Extra y Liqui Moly obtuvo un resultado de C14,9 – H28,81, siendo así una aproximación a la composición química ideal de C12,8 – H26,6 establecida por Faires Virgil. Conclusión: Se concluye que el uso de un aditivo elevador de octanaje en la gasolina Extra, no es una opción factible para igualar o superar un combustible de mayor calidad como lo es en este caso la gasolina Super y además que los cambios producidos en la composición química son casi imperceptibles, sin embargo en una prueba de laboratorio se obtiene una mejor apreciación en la variación de la composición química. \u0000Palabras Clave: Aditivo, Carbono, Hidrógeno, Emisiones contaminantes, Combustible.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Evaluation of an Electric Drive System Applied to a Three-wheel Hybrid Prototype Vehicle for Urban Mobility","authors":"Evaluación Del, Desempeño De, Un Sistema, De Tracción, Eléctrica Aplicado, Un Vehículo, Pro-totipo Híbrido, De Tres, Ruedas Para, Movilidad Urbana, C. A. Padilla, M. E. Audelo, L. F. Buenaño, C. Choca, J. Coello, V. Congreso, Ingeniería Mecánica","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i3.16617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i3.16617","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, an electric traction system was implemented in a three-wheeled prototype vehicle for urban mobility. An electric motor kit including its controller and a handle-type accelerator is implemented to form a hybrid system of electric and human traction, where the human traction serves as a support when the battery is discharged. In order to move the vehicle, it is necessary to take the power from the motor to the driving wheel of the vehicle, therefore, it was designed and implemented with a transmission by sprocket and chain. Once all the mechanical and electrical components of the electric traction system have been assembled, tests are performed to determine the performance of the engine and transmission. An acceleration test is performed to determine the maximum speed and the time taken to reach, in addition to autonomy tests at a cruising speed of 30 km/h. The results of the acceleration tests show that the vehicle can go from 0 to 45 km/h in 17.6 ± 0.55 s on a maximum slope of 7.5% and in 14.8 ± 1.1 s on a straight road. The vehicle achieves a maximum range of 8.21 km with an average speed of 30 km. From the analysis of the results, it is concluded that the vehicle can perform adequately in urban environments. \u0000Keywords: electric drive, battery, electric motor, electric vehicle, range, three-wheel prototype \u0000Resumen \u0000En el presente trabajo se implementó un sistema de tracción eléctrico a un vehículo prototipo de tres ruedas para movilidad urbana. Se implementa un kit de motor eléctrico que incluye su controlador y un acelerador tipo manija para conformar un sistema híbrido de tracción eléctrica y humana, en donde la tracción humana sirve de apoyo cuando la batería está descargada. Para mover el vehículo es necesario llevar la potencia del motor a la rueda motriz del vehículo, por lo que se diseñó e implementó una transmisión mediante piñón y cadena. Una vez realizado el ensamble de todos los componentes mecánicos y eléctricos del sistema de tracción eléctrico, se procede a realizar pruebas que permitirán determinar el desempeño del motor y transmisión implementados. Se realiza una prueba de aceleración para determinar la velocidad máxima y el tiempo empleado en alcanzarla, además de pruebas de autonomía a una velocidad crucero de 30 km/h. Como resultados se obtiene que en las pruebas de aceleración el vehículo es capaz de pasar de 0 a 45 km/h en 17.6 ± 0.55 s en una pendiente máxima de 7.5% y en 14.8 ± 1.1 s en recta. El vehículo alcanza una autonomía máxima de 8.21 km con una velocidad promedio de 30 km. Del análisis de resultados se concluye que el vehículo es capaz de desempeñarse adecuadamente en entornos urbanos. \u0000Palabras Clave: Tracción eléctrica, Prototipo de tres ruedas, Batería, Motor eléctrico, Autonomía, Vehículo eléctrico.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Evaluation to Characterize Welded A36 Steel Joints Using the FCAW Process","authors":"C. R. Hernández, Serrano Aguiar, Noguera Cundar, V. Congreso, Ingeniería Mecánica, Ramos Hernández","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i3.16620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i3.16620","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this investigation was the evaluation of mechanical properties and metallographic characterization of welded joints of ASTM A-36 steel through the FCAW process with cored wire E71T11 of 1.2 mm in diameter; applying the AWS D1.1 2020 welding code. Variations were made in voltage, current intensity, and feed speed. The welding process was carried out using Lincoln Arc R3S equipment. The joints were welded in 3 thickness groups, and each group had four variations in the weld seam. In addition, the welding processes have a WPS backup. Once the weld beads were made, ultrasound tests and visual inspection were applied to rule out discontinuities, surface imperfections, and incomplete fusion. In the corresponding test tubes for micrographs, it was possible to identify the filler material, base material, and the zone affected by heat, the same in which the microstructure was identified and then compared with the base material. A hardness profile was determined in the base material, ZAC, and the filler material. It is concluded that after applying the non-destructive and destructive tests, better conditions were achieved with the parameters established in the WPS of the following coupons FCAW-230-6, FCAW-225-8, FCAW-300-8, and FCAW-225- 10, evidencing that its mechanical and metallographic properties did not change significantly. It is recommended that the specimens obtained from the weld coupons have a cooled cut to avoid variations in the mechanical and metallographic properties. \u0000Keywords: FCAW process, ASTM A-36 steel, ASW D1.1 Standard, ZAC, mechanical properties, metallographic analysis. \u0000Resumen \u0000Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo la evaluación de propiedades mecánicas y caracterización metalográfica de juntas soldadas de acero de ASTM A-36 mediante el proceso FCAW con alambre tubular E71T11 de 1.2 mm de diámetro; aplicando el código de soldadura AWS D1.1 2020. Se realizó variaciones en el voltaje, intensidad de corriente y velocidad de alimentación. El proceso de soldadura se lo realizó con un equipo Lincoln Arc R3S. Las juntas fueron soldadas en 3 grupos de espesores, cada grupo cuenta con 4 variaciones en el cordón de soldadura. Además, los procesos de soldadura cuentan con un WPS de respaldo. Una vez realizados los cordones de soldadura se aplicaron ensayos de ultrasonido e inspección visual para descartar discontinuidades, imperfecciones superficiales y fusión incompleta. En las probetas correspondientes para micrografías se logró identificar el material de aporte, material base y la zona afectada por el calor, misma en la que se identificó la microestructura y luego fue comparada con el material base. Se determinó un perfil de dureza en el material base, ZAC y el material de aporte. Se concluye que luego de aplicar los ensayos no destructivos y destructivos, se consiguieron mejores condiciones con los parámetros establecidos en los WPS de los siguientes cupones FCAW-230- 6, FCAW-225-8, FCAW-300-8 y FCAW-225-10, evidenciand","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Construction of a Chassis for a Single-seat Electric Prototype","authors":"Y. Diseño, Construcción De, Un Chasis, Para Un, Prototipo Eléctrico, J. Monoplaza, Patache, B. Moreta, J. Pancha, R. Pozo, V. Congreso, Ingeniería Mecánica","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i3.16612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i3.16612","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to design and build a lightweight chassis for an electric single-seater vehicle through software, computer-aided design (CAD), and computer-aided engineering (CAE) for adequate weight optimization. The dimensions that the pilot must comply with were developed as a first step for the construction of the chassis, through a statistical study to determine its mass and height. Once this phase was completed, the shape, size, and thickness of the profile were selected, considering availability in the environment, mechanical performance, and constructability; obtaining a square profile of 1.25 inches x 1.1 mm thick was the best option. Subsequently, we proceeded with the selection of materials where they were compared in different phases of the process. Through decision matrices and simulations using CAE software, g aluminum 6063 T5 was obtained as the most optimal material for manufacturing of the chassis (65% lighter than structural steel and has mechanical characteristics that meet construction needs). Finally, the chassis manufacturing process was carried out, which was essential for the good performance offered at the time of real tests. To verify the resistance and mechanical performance, several tests were carried out to determine the reliability of the chassis, which is why it has a fatigue safety factor of 3.065, satisfactorily resisting the fluctuating loads applied. It is concluded that the chassis was designed and built using CAD/CAE software having a mass of 10.5 kg, in addition to presenting a high resistance. It is recommended that for certain eventualities or buckling, the thickness of the profile could be increased, or, in turn, the structure to be reinforced with carbon fiber. \u0000Keywords: prototype, electric single seat, computer aid design (CAD), computer aid engineering (CAE), assembly, Monocoque. \u0000Resumen \u0000Se ha planteado como objetivo diseñar y construir un chasis liviano para un vehículo monoplaza eléctrico mediante los softwares, diseño asistido por computadora (CAD)/ ingeniería asistida por computadora (CAE) para una adecuada optimización del peso. Para la construcción del chasis se desarrolló como primer paso el dimensionamiento que debe cumplir el piloto a través de un estudio estadístico para determinar la masa y altura de este. Una vez concluida esta fase, se procedió con la selección de forma, tamaño y espesor de perfil, tomando en cuenta la disponibilidad en el medio, las prestaciones mecánicas y la facilidad al momento de construir, obteniendo como la mejor opción un perfil cuadrado de 1 1/4 pulgadas x 1.1 mm de espesor. Posteriormente se procedió con la selección de materiales y para ello se realizó la comparación de los mismos en diferentes fases del proceso, mediante matrices de decisión y simulaciones mediante software CAE, obteniendo como el material óptimo para la manufacturación del chasis al aluminio 6063 T5, siendo 65% más liviano que el acero estructural y además cuenta con características mecá","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141808713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Exhaust Gas Emissions of a Vehicle with an Internal Combustion Engine in High and Low Vehicular Congestion for a High Altitude City","authors":"Jorge L. Loja","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i3.16623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i3.16623","url":null,"abstract":"Pollution generated by the automotive sector is one of the biggest concerns in the city of Quito. This is due to the fact that the majority of vehicles in the automotive fleet use fossil fuels as a source of propulsion energy. In addition, the heterogeneity of the technologies of the fuel injection systems means that the control of polluting emissions is highly limited. On the other hand, due to the high number of vehicles and the topographical characteristics of the city, high traffic congestion is generated during rush hours, producing abrupt changes in acceleration and reduction of stoichiometric mixtures. Based on the above, it was pertinent to compare the exhaust gas emissions that are produced in high and low vehicular congestion for a vehicle with an internal combustion engine Likewise, the correlations of the gases for both scenarios were determined. To do this, emissions were measured in a Mazda 3 vehicle on a major city route during rush hours and on weekends. A Kane Autoplus gas analyzer was used for exhaust gas measurement, and data logging was done on the Kane Live app. The results showed that in rush hours, the vehicle emits higher amounts of CO2, CO, and HC up to 0.7%; 128.5%; and 65.5%, respectively. There are moderate and strong correlations of O2-CO2 and CO-HC in high and low vehicular congestion, with Pearson’s correlation values greater than 0.5. \u0000Keywords: exhaust gases, internal combustion engine, pollution, route, rush hours, traffic. \u0000Resumen \u0000La contaminación generada por el sector automotriz, es uno de los mayores problemas que enfrenta la ciudad de Quito. Esto se debe a que la mayoría de vehículos del parque automotor, utilizan combustibles fósiles como fuente de energía de propulsión. Además, la heterogeneidad de las tecnologías de los sistemas de inyección de combustible, hace que el control de emisiones contaminantes se limite considerablemente. Por otro lado, debido al elevado número de vehículos y a las características topográficas de la ciudad, se genera una elevada congestión vehicular en horas pico, produciendo cambios abruptos de aceleraciones y reducción de las mezclas estequiométricas. Con base a lo expuesto, fue pertinente comparar las emisiones de gases de escape que se producen en alta y baja congestión vehicular para un vehículo con motor de combustión interna, y así mismo, se determinó las correlaciones de los gases para ambos escenarios. Para ello, se midió las emisiones en un vehículo Mazda 3 sobre una ruta importante de la ciudad en horas pico y fines de semana. Se utilizó un analizador de gases Kane Autoplus para la medición de los gases de escape, y el registro de datos se efectuó en la aplicación Kane Live. Los resultados mostraron que en horas pico, el vehículo emite mayores cantidades de CO2, CO, HC de hasta el 0,77%; 6,66%; 94,69%, respectivamente. Existen moderadas y fuertes correlaciones de O2-CO2 y CO-HC en alta y baja congestión vehicular, con valores de correlación de Pearson superior a 0,5","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141809049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}