ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.最新文献

{"title":"Utilization of Guarango (Caesalpinia spinosa) in the Province of Loja","authors":"H Cedeño, A Soto, O Malagón","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14414","url":null,"abstract":"Guarango (Caesalpinia spinosa) was studied in different parts of Loja province, mainly Loja, Catamayo, Gonzanamá, and Paltas, to use this species in the food and chemical industries because many studies in our country show that this species is not correctly used. It started with studies of the yields according to the place and time of recollection, after which the correct treatment was found, like the kind of grinding to optimize the handling of the sample, the chemical determination (tannins) in the pod, and its bromatological characteristics (moisture, fat, and protein). The chemical determination of tannins was done through titration of a macerated pod using carmine indigo and KMnO4 to 0,1 N, while bromatological determination with moisture, fat, and protein was applied using the standard methods of AOAC 7003, AOAC 7.056 y AOAC 47.021, respectively. In these results, it was found that there is little variability in experiments of percent of integument, endosperm, and germ, while in experiments of moisture, the amount of pod and seeds had significant differences. In addition, the percentage of tannins was excellent for use in the leather industry. While the germen had qualities of a good food supplement due to its high fat and protein content and low moisture. Finally, a method of extraction of the guarango parts could be designed that can be easily replicable by farmers. Based on the results, we can conclude that it is possible to establish ventures with guarango (C. spinosa) due to the remarkable properties of this species in food, textiles, and other industries.
 Keywords: Caesalpinia spinosa, guarango, pod, germ, used.
 Resumen 
 Se realizó un estudio sobre el guarango (Caesalpinia spinosa) de diferentes cantones de la provincia de Loja, principalmente: Loja, Catamayo, Gonzanamá y Paltas, con la finalidad de aprovechar esta especie ofreciendo alternativas de uso dentro de la industria química y alimentaria ya que, según estudios realizados, dentro de nuestro país no es aprovechada. Se partió desde el estudio de rendimientos según el lugar y tiempos de recolección, posterior a esto se buscó el tratamiento adecuado como molienda para el manejo óptimo de la muestra, la determinación química (taninos) en vaina y bromatológica (humedad grasa y proteína). Para la determinación química (taninos) se realizó titulación al macerado de la vaina usando índigo carmín y KMnO4 al 0,1 N, mientras que para determinación bromatológica como la humedad, grasa y proteína se aplicó métodos estandarizados de la AOAC 7003, AOAC 7.056 y AOAC 47.021, respectivamente. En los resultados se obtuvo ensayos que demostraron la poca variabilidad del porcentaje de tegumento, endospermo y germen, mientras que en los ensayos de humedad, cantidad de vainas y semillas, taninos, hay variabilidades significativas.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Machine Learning Models of the ”Transformers” Type in the Construction of Services in a Gamified Web app.","authors":"C Saavedra Escalante, D Alava Santana, F Moreira Moreira, R Moreira Pico","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14466","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this document is to describe the use of a natural language processing model in the multiplatform system ”Gamivity” by means of a sentence similarity algorithm to offer a personalized experience module based on the conceptual relationship between questions. For the selection process, certain criteria were chosen that will allow several pre-trained models under the “Transformers” architecture for evaluation, later. These criteria were the language with which the model was altered; Python was the programming language used for the implementation. Regarding the evaluation phase of the selected models, the ”Sentence Transformers” library of the Python programming language was used. In addition, a work environment analogous to the module present in the ”Gamivity” system was built, in which the development platform ”Google Colab” was used to test these models. The criteria for choosing the candidate model were based on its effectiveness in relation to questions as well as the computational cost involved while performing the operations in the said model Based on the applied methodology, the model that yielded the best results was ”paraphrase-multilingual- MiniLM-L12-v2,” modified with a large corpus of text in Spanish and 50 other languages, which showed a degree of precision. When it comes to conceptually relating the questions provided it was found to be optimal, having relatively low computational cost when performing these operations.
 Keywords: sentence transformers, sentence similarity, relate questions, personalized learning.
 Resumen
 El presente documento, tiene como propósito el de describir la utilización de un modelo de procesamiento de lenguaje natural en el sistema multiplataforma “Gamivity”, por medio de un algoritmo de similitud de oraciones para ofrecer un módulo de experiencia personalizada a partir de la relación conceptual entre preguntas. Para el proceso de selección, se establecieron ciertos criterios que permitieron elegir varios modelos pre entrenados bajo la arquitectura “Transformers” para su posterior evaluación. Dichos criterios, fueron el idioma con el que fue entrenado el modelo, así como que el lenguaje de programación utilizado para la implementación fuese Python. En lo que concierne a la fase de evaluación de los modelos seleccionados, se hizo uso de la biblioteca “Sentence Transformers” del lenguaje de programación Python, además se construyó un entorno de trabajo análogo al módulo presente en el sistema “Gamivity”, en la plataforma de desarrollo “Google Colab” para poner a prueba dichos modelos, los criterios para la elección del modelo candidato, se resumen en la eficacia a la hora de relacionar preguntas, así como el coste computacional a la hora de realizar las operaciones involucradas en dicho proceso. A partir de la metodología aplicada, el modelo que mejor resultados generó fue “paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM L12-v2”, entrenado con un gran corpus de texto en español, así como de otros ","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From the Life Phenomenology to the Criticism of Work Objectiveness (M. Henry, La Barbarie)","authors":"P. Dueñas M.","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14494","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to analyze Michel Henry’s denunciation of the dehumanization of work in modern culture. The pretension to extend the instrumental scientific vision to all dimensions of human life determines, among other consequences, the loss of the genuine meaning of work as a display, and manifestation of subjective life. The study is part of the phenomenology of transcendental subjectivity that Henry proposes, whose intellectual keys are the understanding of life as “auto-affection” and the theory of the body as the pathos of living flesh, the “I” as “subjective body”. The notion of body-appropriation and its implications regarding work are examined, as exposed in Barbarism (chapters 1 and 3) to guarantee the unity of body-land and convert work as an expression of the subjective body through the objective body, avoiding any risk of rupture between them. The reflection leads to the conclusion that although Henry provides a vision of work that responds to life in its phenomenological reality, it is worth questioning whether confining the individual to his own subjectivity guarantees the ability of the work as a means of personal fulfillment. The unity and complexity of the human being demand a deep understanding of his personal being and the permanent search for a unifying principle so that work can be appreciated as an expression of a being that not only works through his body, but is himself that body that lives, acts, and works.
 Keywords: Work, life phenomenology, subjectivity, immanence, self-affection, living body
 Resumen
 El propósito del presente ensayo es analizar la denuncia de Michel Henry a la deshumanización del trabajo en la cultura moderna. La pretensión de extender la visión científica instrumental a todas las dimensiones humanas determina, entre otras consecuencias, la pérdida del sentido genuino del trabajo como despliegue y manifestación de la vida subjetiva. El estudio se enmarca en la fenomenología de la subjetividad trascendental que Henry propone, cuyas claves intelectuales son la comprensión de la vida como «autoafección» y la teoría de la corporalidad encarnada, el «yo» como «cuerpo subjetivo». Se examina la noción de cuerpoapropiación y sus implicaciones con respecto al trabajo, tal como se exponen en La Barbarie (caps. 1 y 3) para garantizar la unidad entre el cuerpo y la tierra y convertir el trabajo en medio de exteriorización del cuerpo subjetivo a través del cuerpo objetivo, evitando todo riesgo de ruptura entre ellos. La reflexión conduce a la conclusión de que si bien Henry aporta elementos para reconducir el trabajo hacia los intereses de la vida, cabe cuestionarse si confinar al individuo a su propia subjetividad garantiza la visión del trabajo como medio de realización personal. La unidad y la complejidad del ser humano demandan una comprensión profunda de su ser personal y la búsqueda permanente de un principio unificador de manera queel trabajo se pueda apreciar como expresión de un ser que","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in Blood Donors: An Investigation from the Endemicity. Non-systematic Review","authors":"JE Castro Jalca, AM Castillo Holguín, YM Valle Zamora","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14441","url":null,"abstract":"Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan that causes toxoplasmosis, the most common parasitic disease in the world, which infects humans and animals. It is transmitted through cat feces through the process of excretion and ingestion of oocysts. Humans become infected by eating improperly washed vegetables, raw or undercooked meat, contaminated water, the soil or area where the cat defecates, or by transfusing infected blood. The study aims to identify, through scientific evidence, the seroprevalence of T. gondii in blood donors, considering its global endemicity. A non-systematic documentary review was used for searching articles worldwide on the topic of T. gondii seroprevalence in blood donors, in different databases such as SciELO, Google Academics, etc. A total of 27 articles that had the required information; grouping the seroprevalence results by region, obtained positive IgG and IgG + IgM. Calculating the prevalence, it was identified in Asia at 7.8%, America 32.8%, Africa 40.7%, Oceania 34%, and Europe 38.1%. In conclusion, it is convenient to carry out this type of study in each country to verify the prevalence and, in addition, to determine the incidence of infection in blood donors to calculate the risk of transmission.
 Keywords: Toxoplasma, seroepidemiologic studies, antibodies, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, blood donors.
 Resumen 
 Introducción: Toxoplasma gondii en un protozoo intracelular causante de la toxoplasmosis, la enfermedad parasitaria más frecuente del mundo la cual infecta a humanos y animales, se trasmite por medio de las heces de los gatos mediante el proceso de excreción e ingestión de los ooquistes. Los humanos se infectan al ingerir vegetales mal lavados, carne cruda o poco cocida, agua contaminada, el suelo o área donde defeca el gato, o al transfundir sangre infectada. Objetivo: identificar mediante evidencias científicas la seroprevalencia de T. gondii en donantes de sangre, considerando su endemicidad global. Metodología: se empleó una revisión no sistemática, documental realizando la búsqueda de artículos a nivel mundial del tema seroprevalencia de T. gondii en donantes de sangre, en diferentes bases como SciELO, Google Academics, etc. Resultados: un total de 27 artículos que contaron con la información requerida; agrupando los resultados de seroprevalencia por región, anticuerpos positivos IgG e IgG + IgM. Calculando la prevalencia se identificó, en Asia 7,8%; América 32,8%; África 40,7%; Oceanía 34% y Europa 38,1%. Conclusión: es conveniente realizar este tipo de estudio en cada país para comprobar la prevalencia y, además, determinar la incidencia de la infección en donantes de sangre para calcular el riesgo de transmisión.
 Palabras Clave: Toxoplasma, estudios seroepidemiológicos, anticuerpos, inmunoglobulina G, inmunoglobulina M, donantes de sangre.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diesel Hydrodesulfurization and its Impact on the Fuel Market in Ecuador: A Review","authors":"Paola Toro, Jordan Casierra, Ernesto Bastardo, Marvin Ricaurte","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14456","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the hydrodesulfurization process used to produce diesel with low sulfur content in Ecuador. The analysis covers the level of processing in the country, the quality of domestic diesel compared to other nations, and the technical and economic requirements of the process. It also explores the need to modify or upgrade catalysts to achieve deep hydrodesulfurization.. Unfortunately, the review found that sulfur content in Ecuadorian deposits is very high, with 3.53 MMkg produced in 2018. Despite improvements in the country’s refineries, diesel sulfur content has only been reduced to 110 ppm.. Ecuador regulates sulfur emissions through the Ecuadorian standard NTE INEN-1489 (2012). This norm classifies the fuel into three types, diesel #1 (3000 ppm), diesel #2 (7000 ppm), and premium diesel (500 ppm), following the use of diesel both in the industrial and transportation sectors. However, Ecuador seeks to adjust to countries with stricter regulations, such as the European Union. The standard that regulates sulfur emissions in this community is Euro VI, which limits the concentration to 10 ppm. One of the challenges in achieving international standards in the hydrodesulfurization units of the Ecuadorian refineries is to modify or improve the catalytic systems. Trimetallic catalysts, both supported and unsupported, can help overcome this challenge by decomposing the refractory molecules (e.g., dibenzothiophene and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene) found in deep hydrodesulfurization. These catalysts can handle molecules that commonly used catalysts such as CoMo or MoW cannot. Therefore, proposals such as using trimetallic catalysts to achieve deep hydrodesulfurization levels are techno-economic options for Ecuador.
 Keywords: diesel, sulfur, Ecuador, hydrodesulfurization, refineries, catalyst.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Floristic Composition and Diversity of a Transect in a Locality of the Lowland Evergreen Forest of the Amazon of Cuyabeno City","authors":"G. Vasquez, J. Caranqui, N. Lara, V. Noboa","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14455","url":null,"abstract":"The present research determined the high diversity and structure of the lowland evergreen forest of the Amazon in a locality (Rey de los Andes) of Cuyabeno city, since there is no updated information on this important biome. The linear transect methodology of 0.1 hectares was applied along the river and separated 2 m from the edge, all trees and shrubs with a diameter at breast height greater than 10 cm were measured, fertile botanical samples were collected and were processed and identified in the CHEP Herbarium. A total of 86 individuals were obtained between trees and shrubs distributed in 20 families, 39 genera, and 41 species, and a basal area of 10.95 m2 was obtained. The dominant family was Fabaceae with seven genera and the most frequent species were Astrocaryum urostachys, Celtis sp., and Leonia crassa. The highest importance value index was 15.56% for Astrocaryum urostachys and 10.33% for Otoba glycycarpa and the Simpson Diversity Index was 0.96. The diameters obtained were classified into 3 diameter classes, where Class I was made up of 68 individuals, which represents 79.07% of the total. It is concluded that the forest of the Rey de los Andes community has a high diversity of tree and shrub species. Likewise, considering the type of vegetation found, list of species, site, and diameters obtained, it can be stated that it is a well-preserved forest.
 Keywords: Floristic composition, Lowland evergreen forest, Cuyabeno.
 Resumen 
 La presente investigación determinó la alta diversidad y estructura del bosque siempreverde de tierras bajas de la amazonía de una localidad (Rey de los Andes) del Cantón Cuyabeno; ya que no se cuenta con información actualizada de este importante bioma. Se aplicó la metodología de transecto lineal de 0,1 hectáreas a lo largo del río y separado a dos metros del borde, se midió todos los árboles y arbustos con diámetro a la altura del pecho mayor a 10 centímetros, se recolectó muestras botánicas fértiles y fueron procesadas e identificadas en el Herbario CHEP. Se obtuvo un total de 86 individuos entre árboles y arbustos distribuidos en 20 familias, 39 géneros y 41 especies y se obtuvo un área basal de 10,95 m2; la familia dominante fue Fabaceae con siete géneros y las especies más frecuentes fueron Astrocaryum urostachys, Celtis sp. y Leonia crassa. El Índice de Valor de Importancia más alto fue de 15,56% para Astrocaryum urostachys y de 10,33% para Otoba glycycarpa y el Índice de Diversidad de Simpson fue de 0,96. Los diámetros obtenidos fueron clasificados en 3 clases diamétricas, donde la Clase I estuvo conformada por 68 individuos lo que representa al 79,07% del total. Se concluye que el bosque de la comunidad Rey de los Andes posee una alta diversidad de especies de árboles y arbustos; así mismo tomando en cuenta el tipo de vegetación encontrada, listado de especies, sitio y diámetros obtenidos, se puede manifestar que se trata de un bosque bien conservado.
 Palabras Clave: Composición ","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135292502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insect Diversity of the Lower Montane Evergreen Forest of the Western Andes Mountain Range: Cascada Chilicay and Suncamal","authors":"D. C Carrasco López, J. C Carrasco Baquero, V .L Caballero Serrano","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14491","url":null,"abstract":"Biological research in the low montane evergreen forests of Ecuador focuses on ecological and botanical aspects, while knowledge of the entomofauna of these areas is almost nil. In February 2022, sampling was carried out during the dry season for 15 days, using direct and indirect capture methods (tapping, sieving, and light traps) in two waterfalls of the low montane evergreen forest of the western Andean Cordillera: Chilicay and Suncamal waterfalls, with the objective of identifying the composition of the terrestrial insect fauna at the family level. Two orders and 21 families were recorded, among which the families Carabidae and Noctuidae represented the highest percentage of the total abundance. Although preliminary, this work constitutes the first contribution to the knowledge of the entomofauna of this ecosystem.
 Keywords: biodiversity, conservation, entomofauna, insects.
 Resumen
 Las investigaciones biológicas en los bosques siempreverdes montanos bajos de Ecuador, se centran en aspectos ecológicos y botánicos, mientras que el conocimiento de la entomofauna de estas zonas es escaso. En febrero de 2022, en la época seca y durante 15 días, utilizando métodos de captura directa e indirecta (golpeteo, tamizado y trampas de luz), se realizaron muestreos en dos cascadas del Bosque siempreverde montano bajo de la cordillera occidental de los Andes: Cascada Chilicay y Suncamal, con el objetivo de identificar la composición de la fauna de insectos terrestres a nivel de familia. Se registraron dos órdenes y 21 familias, entre las cuales, las familias Carabidae y Noctuidae representaron el mayor porcentaje de la abundancia total. Aunque en forma preliminar, este trabajo constituye el primer aporte al conocimiento de la entomofauna de este ecosistema.
 Palabras Clave: Biodiversidad, conservación, entomofauna, insectos.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135292508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of Bioreactors for Obtaining Mycelium from Agaricus Brunnescens and Pleurotus Ostreatus Mushrooms Using the Honey Tek Technique","authors":"Angela Ortiz-Bastidas, Kevin Altamirano-Cabay, Alfonso Suárez-Tapia","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14475","url":null,"abstract":"Mycelium cultivation plays an important role in mushroom production and in various biotechnological studies. Submerged fermentation has received much attention as a promising alternative for the efficient production of mushroom biomass and active metabolites. For the following research, bioreactors were constructed to obtain pure mycelium from Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus brunnescens mushrooms using the Honey technique. This method is based on using honey as the main nutrient for the growth of microorganisms on an industrial scale. In the beginning, spore impressions were extracted by the dry chamber method and inoculated into the honey broth. The bioreactors were dimensioned with a 2.5 L culture chamber, 2 L production, controlled temperature of 28∘C, pH = 4, and agitation of 120 revolutions per minute. Conidia/milliliter was quantified every three days with a Neubauer chamber, and the Kjeldahl method was used to identify protein as the main bioactive metabolite of the mycelium. Finally, the mycelium obtained was evaluated on three types of substrates comparing their colonization time. The use of bioreactors in mycelium cultivation is efficient as better mycelium quality, higher biomass yield, and more dispersion on substrates are obtained. It also has the benefits of much better oxygen mass transfer and culture homogeneity. With this technique, physical, chemical, and biological factors can be controlled to produce mushrooms in a much shorter time.
 Keywords: bioreactor, honey technic, mycelial biomass, Agaricus brunnescens, Pleurotus ostreatus.
 Resumen
 El cultivo de micelio juega un papel importante en la producción de hongos y en diversos estudios biotecnológicos, el usar la fermentación sumergida ha recibido mucha atención como alternativa prometedora para la producción eficiente de la biomasa de hongos y metabolitos activos. Para la siguiente investigación se construyeron biorreactores con el objetivo de obtener micelio puro de hongos Pleurotus ostreatus y Agaricus brunnescens usando la técnica Honey. El método Honey se basa en aprovechar la miel como nutriente principal para el crecimiento de microorganismos a escala industrial. En principio se extraen impresiones de esporas mediante el método de cámara seca y se inoculan en caldo honey. Los biorreactores se dimensionaron con una cámara de cultivo de 2,5 litros, producción de dos litros, temperatura controlada de 28 grados Celsius, pH igual a cuatro y agitación de 120 revoluciones por minuto. Se cuantificaron los conidios/mililitro cada tres días con una cámara de Neubauer y se usó el método Kjeldahl para identificar la proteína como principal metabolito bioactivo del micelio. Finalmente, el micelio obtenido fue evaluado sobre tres tipos de sustratos comparando su tiempo de colonización. El uso de biorreactores en el cultivo de micelio es eficiente debido a que se obtiene mejor calidad de micelio, mayor rendimiento de biomasa y más dispersión sobre sustratos. Así mismo","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135292513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creation of an Agrotourism Operator to Strengthen the Tourism Sector in the Canton of San Pedro Pelileo","authors":"Masaquiza Caizabanda José Mariano, Christian Marcelo Masaquiza Jerez, Darwin Israel Vaca Anchatuña","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v2i6.12217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v2i6.12217","url":null,"abstract":"The present research was carried out in the San Pedro de Pelileo community, Tungurahua Province in Ecuador, with the objective of creating an agrotourism operator in Pelileo to promote tourism in the canton and for the socioeconomic development of the parish, taking into account mainly the strengths and weaknesses of the territory. A nonexperimental crosssectional research based on reviews of related scientific articles and official pages was conducted. Additional information was collected through a survey of 361 inhabitants. The results of this study were able to verify that associative and collaborative work should be included to strengthen the economy of the Pelileo canton and make it one of the most important tourist destinations in the province of Tungurahua, Ecuador. \u0000Keywords: agriculture, tourism, agrotourism, sustainable development, social development, economic development. \u0000Resumen \u0000La presente investigación se realizó en el cantón San Pedro Pelileo Provincia de Tungurahua en Ecuador, teniendo como objetivo Creación de una operadora de agroturismo en Pelileo para promocionar lugares turísticos del cantón, para el desarrollo socioeconómico del sector, tomando en cuenta principalmente las fortalezas y debilidades del territorio para esta actividad clave para el desarrollo socioeconómico; para lo cual se aplicó una investigación no experimental de tipo transversal que tiene como propósito analizar un tema poco tratado basada principalmente en revisiones de artículos científicos y páginas oficiales con enfoque similar, además se recopiló información a través de la encuesta, la cual se aplicó a 362 habitantes de tamaño muestral que arrojó la formula estadística para poblaciones finitas. Los resultados fueron procesados mediante el programa Google Drive, obteniendo resultados favorables cuyo insumo aportador a proponer una ruta agroturística que aprovechará cada espacio en la localidad para promover el crecimiento socioeconómico lográndose convertir en un acertado candidato agroturístico en la provincia por su diversidad cultural y agrícola, beneficiando a sus habitantes y proyectar una nueva actividad económica. La presente investigación pudo constatar que se debe incluir el trabajo asociativo y colaborativo como un medio para el fortalecimiento del cantón Pelileo para convertirlo en uno de los más importantes destinos turísticos en la provincia de Tungurahua, Ecuador. \u0000Palabras Clave: agricultura, turismo, agroturismo, desarrollo sostenible, desarrollo social, desarrollo económico.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77767707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creation of the Vehicle Technical Inspection Centre (CRTV) to Improve Service in the GADM, Riobamba, Province of Chimborazo","authors":"Janneth Alejandra Viñán Villagrán, Diego Andrés Uvidia Inca, Iván Marcelo Llamuca Auquilla","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v2i6.12225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v2i6.12225","url":null,"abstract":"The present research aims to ensure the minimum safety conditions of vehicles, identify mechanical failures, verify compliance with the technical regulations that regulate them, and improve road safety. This project is based on the data of the vehicle fleet and vehicle registration – the vehicles were classified by their type (light, heavy, motorcycles) and the future projection was made to determine the number of revision lines and the necessary equipment to supply it. For the subsequent implementation of the CRTV, the economic feasibility analysis was carried out through the study of the three Financial Management Models. The indicators provided the necessary tools for accurate decision-making regarding the acquisition of infrastructure and equipment, in addition to the necessary administrative and operative personnel. We obtained a net present value of $333,063.35 and an internal rate of return of 27%. In addition, the cost– benefit ratio was 1.62, which indicates economic and social benefits. Financial Management Model by concession is the most suitable for the study area because the indicators show that the performance of the project is recommended. \u0000 Keywords: economic and administrative sciences, vehicle technical review, transport, occupancy rate, review line, inen technical standard, financial viability, Riobamba (canton). \u0000Resumen \u0000El presente trabajo de investigación “Creación del Centro de Revisión Técnica Vehicular (CRTV) para mejorar el servicio en el GADM-Riobamba, provincia de Chimborazo.”, tiene la finalidad de garantizar las condiciones mínimas de seguridad de los vehículos, identificar las fallas mecánicas, verificar el cumplimiento de la normativa técnica que les regula y mejorar la seguridad vial. El desarrollo del presente proyecto tomó como base los datos del parque automotor y matriculación vehicular, se clasificó para los vehículos por su tipología (livianos, pesados y motocicletas) y se realizó la proyección de la demanda insatisfecha para determinar el número de líneas de revisión y los equipos necesarios para abastecer la demanda futura. Para la posterior implementación del CRTV, se analizó económicamente la factibilidad mediante el estudio de los tres Modelos de Gestión Financiera, los indicadores proporcionaron las herramientas necesarias para una acertada toma de decisiones en lo referente al financiamiento de infraestructura y equipos, además del personal administrativo y operativo necesario. En el Modelo de Gestión Financiera por concesión se obtuvo un valor actual neto de $333.062,35 y una tasa interna de retorno del 27%; además la relación beneficio costo es de 1,62 lo que indica beneficio económico y social. Finalizada la evaluación económica, este modelo es el más adecuado para el área de estudio, porque los indicadores muestran un buen rendimiento del proyecto, por lo que se lo considera recomendable. \u0000Palabras Clave: ciencias económicas y administrativas, revisión técnica vehicular, transporte, tasa de ocupa","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74990534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}