ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.最新文献

{"title":"Cytology Versus Molecular Diagnosis of HPV for Cervical Cancer Screening. Comparison of the Diagnostic Properties of Four Tests in a Rural Community of Cuenca Ecuador","authors":"Bernardo Vega Crespo, Vivian Alejandra Neira, Rocío Murillo, Cristina Ochoa Avilés","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14422","url":null,"abstract":"Cervical cancer (CC) is considered a threat to women’s lives, which is why the WHO launched the 90-70-90 strategy, seeking to eradicate CC by 2030. Part of the strategy involves screening with highly sensitive molecular biology tests for HPV diagnosis to replace cervical cytology. The objective of this research was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of molecular biology tests, including self-testing for HPV diagnosis with traditional cytology. Methodology: A study of diagnostic tests was conducted in a rural parish of Cuenca, Ecuador. A total of 120 women participated. Each participant self-collected a vaginal and a urine sample and then a health professional performed a standard cervical smear for HPV molecular diagnosis and cytology. The latter test was considered the gold standard. All three samples were processed with the same amplification and genomic hybridization protocol for HPV detection (Hybribio) following the manufacturer’s instructions. Cytology was processed following the standard technique. Results: The sensitivity of vaginal self-sampling for the diagnosis of HR HPV reached 100% (CI 75.7, 100.0), and specificity 94.4% (CI 88.4, 97.43). Urine self-sampling had a sensitivity of 91.6% (CI 64.61, 98.51), and a specificity of 96.435 (CI 91.18, 98.6). Cervical cytology achieved a sensitivity of 41.67% (CI 19.33, 68.5) and a specificity of 85.19% (CI 77.28, 90.67) Conclusions: This study demonstrates that vaginal self-sampling and urine self-sampling methods have similar sensitivity and specificity compared to the sample taken by the health professional for molecular diagnosis of HPV. The sensitivity of cytology (Papanicolaou) was lower in relation to molecular biology tests for primary screening of CC.
 Keywords: HPV; vaginal self-sampling; urine self-sampling; health professional sampling; cytology, sensitivity and specificity.
 Resumen 
 El cáncer de cuello uterino (CC) es considerado una amenaza para la vida de las mujeres, por esta razón la OMS lanzó la estrategia 90-70-90, que busca erradicar el CC hasta el 2030. Parte de la estrategia implica el tamizaje con pruebas de biología molecular de alta sensibilidad para el diagnóstico de VPH, que sustituyan a la citología cervical. El objetivo de esta investigación, fue comparar la sensibilidad y especificidad de las pruebas de biología molecular, incluyendo la auto toma para el diagnóstico del VPH con la citología tradicional. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio de pruebas diagnósticas, en una parroquia rural de Cuenca, Ecuador. Un total de 120 mujeres participaron. Cada participante recolectó por sí misma una muestra vaginal y otra de orina y luego un profesional de salud realizó una toma cervical estándar para el diagnóstico molecular de VPH y citología. Esta última prueba fue considerada como el estándar de oro. Las tres muestras fueron procesadas con el mismo protocolo de amplificación e hibridación genómica para de detección del VPH (Hybribio) siguiendo las in","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Poetry of Travel in Mario Campana: A Theoretical Approach","authors":"L. C. Musso","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14425","url":null,"abstract":"Mario Campana’s poetry is one of the most representative of contemporary Ecuador. This document aims to carry out a conceptual review based on different authors that exposes the importance of the work mentioned in the context of national letters. In the aforementioned context, a reflection on poetry is proposed, with a continuous line throughout its journey through successive books by the author. This article intends from a descriptive-exploratory nature, to present a rereading of the work through analysts who account for its connection with the trip.
 Keywords: Ecuadorian poetry, Mario Campana, trip
 Resumen:
 La poesía de Mario Campaña es una de las más representativas del Ecuador contemporáneo. El objetivo del presente documento es efectuar una revisión conceptual a base de distintos autores, que expone la importancia de la obra mencionada en el contexto de las letras nacionales. En el contexto mencionado, se plantea una reflexión sobre la poesía y un línea continua a lo largo de su recorrido a través de sucesivos libros del autor. El presente artículo pretende, desde un carácter descriptivo-exploratorio, presentar una relectura de la obra a través de analistas que dan cuenta de su vinculación con el viaje.
 Palabras Clave: poesia ecuatoriana, Mario Campana, viaje","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Modeling of Straw Bale Loadbearing Wall","authors":"L. P. Viera Arroba, G. D. Pacheco Coronel, J. M. Vásquez Amaguaña","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14478","url":null,"abstract":"In Ecuador, there are qualitative and quantitative housing deficits that must be covered with materials that produce seismic-resistant, energy-efficient buildings that do not require a large amount of energy to be produced. Several studies indicate that the answer lies in straw bale structures. However, for these to be considered by designers, aids are needed to facilitate their structural modeling in specialized computer programs. Through literature reviews, the present research proposes a model that adapts the specific structural considerations of straw bale buildings to the tools available in a design program.
 Keywords: structure, bales, straw, model, program, design.
 Resumen
 En el Ecuador existe un déficit cualitativo y cuantitativo de viviendas que debe ser cubierto con materiales que produzcan edificaciones sismo resistentes, energéticamente eficientes y a la vez que no requieran gran cantidad de energía para ser producidos. Varios estudios señalan que la respuesta está en las estructuras elaboradas con fardos de paja. Sin embargo, para que éstas sean consideradas por los diseñadores son necesarias ayudas para facilitar su modelamiento estructural en programas informáticos especializados. La presente investigación, a través de revisiones bibliográficas, propone un modelo que adapta las consideraciones estructurales específicas de las construcciones con fardos de paja a las herramientas disponibles en un programa de diseño.
 Palabras Clave: estructura, fardos, paja, modelo, programa, diseño","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135290985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics in Stool Samples Obtained from Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus) in Family and Family-commercial Farms","authors":"J. Vázquez, J. Narváez, C. Ortuño","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14461","url":null,"abstract":"The inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents in guinea pigs to control enteric pathogens affects the nutritional sustainability of the rural population. Therefore, it is important to identify the pathogen, its resistance, and the appropriate antimicrobial agent for its control. The present investigation was carried out in family and family-commercial guinea pig farms, in eight rural parishes of the Gualaceo canton, Azuay province, Ecuador, from which 384 samples were obtained by rectal swabbing of guinea pigs from production units with enteric problems (diarrhea), the same ones that were transferred to the laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the University of Cuenca, in order to identify the bacterial agents present in fecal samples of guinea pigs. There the isolation of culture media and identification of pathogens were carried out, they were subsequently exposed to an antibiogram, in order to qualitatively assess their bacterial resistance. The data were tabulated and analyzed in SPSS, finding the presence of Escherichia coli (49.4%), Salmonella typhimurium (24.6%), Shigella flexneri (14.3%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.7%). The Chi-square test determined that of the five antimicrobials used, only tetracycline had a relationship between bacterial presence and resistance. It was also found that Escherichia coli presented a higher percentage of resistance, for enrofloxacin 22.5%, neomycin 14.2%, sulfamethoxazole - trimethoprim 33.3%, tetracyclines 29.2%. Data were analyzed at a confidence level of 95% with a 5% error, concluding that the identified pathogens have low resistance to the antimicrobials used, but are still susceptible.
 Keywords: bacterial resistance, antibiogram, enteric infection, antibiotics.
 Resumen 
 El uso inadecuado de agentes antimicrobianos en cobayos para controlar patógenos entéricos, afectan la sustentabilidad alimenticia de la población rural, por ello es importante identificar el patógeno, su resistencia y el agente antimicrobiano adecuado para su control. La presente investigación se realizó en explotaciones de cobayos de tipo familiar y familiar – comercial, en ocho parroquias rurales del cantón Gualaceo provincia del Azuay, Ecuador de donde se obtuvo 384 muestras mediante hisopado rectal de cobayos provenientes de unidades productoras con problemas entéricos (diarrea), las mismas que fueron trasladadas al laboratorio de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la Universidad de Cuenca, con el fin de identificar los agentes bacterianos presentes en muestras fecales de cobayos, ahí se realizó la infección de medios de cultivo e identificación de agentes patógenos, mismos que posteriormente fueron expuestos a un antibiograma, con la finalidad de evaluar cualitativamente su resistencia bacteriana. Los datos fueron tabulados y analizados en SPSS, encontrándose la presencia de Escherichia coli (49,4%), Salmonella typhimurium (24,6%), Shigella flexneri (14,3%) y Klebsiella pneumoniae (11","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Alternative Rations for Feeding Guinea Pigs in the Growth-fattening Stages","authors":"L Gaibor, J Usca, H Herrera, I Salgado","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14473","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the research was to evaluate the use of alternative rations for feeding guinea pigs in the growth-fattening stages. The experimental units were made up of a total of 80 guinea pigs, 40 males and 40 females. A completely random design was applied in a combinatorial arrangement of factors, where factor A: alternative rations had 4 levels and factor B: sex had 2 levels (males and females), and carrying out the evaluation of different variables such as initial weight, final weight, weight gain, total feed intake, feed conversion, carcass weight, carcass yield, all this in addition to the mortality variable, these measurements had an evaluation period of 75 days, the same as the investigation lasted. For the statistical analysis, the experimental results were subjected to an analysis of Variance (ADEVA) and separation of means according to Tukey’s methodology at a significance level (P ≤ 0.05), resulting in significant differences in the feed conversion variable. While for the rest of the variables we found highly significant differences. It was concluded that the best treatment is that of the male guinea pigs that were fed with T2 since they contribute to improving the feed conversion rates without affecting the productive behavior of the livestock. As per the results obtained from this investigation, it is recommended to disseminate to small and medium producers of guinea pigs.
 Keywords: alternative rations, corn, broccoli leaf, guinea pig, fattening growth stage
 Resumen
 El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la utilización de raciones alternativas para la alimentación de cuyes en las etapas crecimiento-engorde. Las unidades experimentales estuvieron conformadas por un total de 80 cuyes de los cuales 40 fueron machos y 40 hembras. Se aplicó un diseño completamente al azar, en arreglo combinatorio de factores, donde el factor A: raciones alternativas teniendo 4 niveles y el factor B: sexo con 2 niveles (machos y hembras), y llevándose a cabo la evaluación de diferentes variables como son: peso inicial, peso final ganancia de peso, consumo total de alimento, conversión alimenticia, peso a la canal, rendimiento a la canal todo esto en y la variable mortalidad, estas mediciones tuvieron un periodo de evaluación de 75 días mismos que duro la investigación. Para el análisis estadístico los resultados experimentales fueron sometidos a un análisis de Varianza (ADEVA) y separación de medias de acuerdo a la metodología de Tukey a un nivel de significancia (P≤0,05) dando como resultado diferencias significativas en la variable conversión alimenticia mientras que para el resto de variables encontramos diferencias altamente significativas. Se concluye que el mejor tratamiento es el de los cuyes machos que fueron alimentados con T2 ya que contribuyen a mejorar los índices de conversión alimenticia sin afectar el comportamiento productivo de los semovientes. Se recomienda difundir a pequeños y medianos productores de cuyes, ","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Results on the Zoometric Characterization and Dimorphism of Creole Horses in Two Cantons of Manabí","authors":"Carlos Octavio Larrea-Izurieta, Ernesto Antonio Hurtado","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14493","url":null,"abstract":"Little effort has been made so far on morphometry and conservation studies in horses of the creole biotype in Ecuador due to preferences toward other breeds or crossbreeds. This research aims to analyze zoometric measures and indexes and the manifestations of sexual dimorphism in Ecuadorian Creole horses. One hundred and one animals were evaluated in 24 de Mayo (29 mares and 81 horses) and 118 in Pichincha (47 mares and 71 horses) in Manabí, all aged over 5 years. Zoometric variables were measured, such as head length and head width; height at the withers and croup; diameters: longitudinal, dorsum-sternal, and bicoastal; width and length of the crou; thoracic and cane perimeters. The measurements presented variations between 3.55% and 10.15% and a highly significant difference (p < 0.01) except for the length of the rump (p = 0.025) and longitudinal diameter (p = 0.102). Zoometric indexes such as cephalic, body, thoracic, the relative depth of the thorax, metacarpop-thoracic, and pelvic were evaluated, and proportionality variations between 2.41% and 8.92% were observed. They presented highly significant differences (p < 0.01) except for the indexes depth relative to chest (p = 0.202) and proportionality (p = 0.014). No sexual dimorphism was observed in general except for the head and body indexes on 24 de Mayo. The zoometric categorization of the animals cannot be concluded due to the marked variation of the data for each sex within and between the cantons due to the existence of high morphometric heterogeneity between them, for which it is necessary to develop selection and cross-breeding criteria.&#x0D; Keywords: local breeds, equine, morphometrics, linear measurements.&#x0D; Resumen&#x0D; Se ha realizado poco esfuerzo hasta el momento sobre estudios de morfometría y conservación en caballos de biotipo criollo en Ecuador por preferencias hacia otras razas o mestizajes. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar medidas e índices zoométricos y manifestación de dimorfismo sexual en caballos criollos ecuatorianos. Fueron evaluados 110 animales en 24 de Mayo (29 yeguas y 81 caballos) y 118 en Pichincha (47 yeguas y 71 caballos) en Manabí, todos con edades mayor a 5 años. Se midieron variables zoométricas: longitud de cabeza y ancho de cabeza, alzadas a la cruz y grupa, diámetros longitudinal, dorso esternal y bicostal, ancho y largo de grupa, perímetros torácico y de caña; la medidas presentaron variaciones entre 3.55% y 10.15% y diferencia altamente significativa (p<0.01). a excepción del largo de grupa (p=0.025) y diámetro longitudinal (p=0.102). Se evaluaron índices zoométricos: cefálico, corporal, torácico, profundidad relativa del tórax, metacarpo-torácico, pelviano y de proporcionalidad, se observó variaciones entre 2.41% y 8.92% presentaron diferencia altamente significativa (p<0.01) a excepción de los índices de profundidad relativa del tórax (p=0.202) y de proporcionalidad (p=0.014). No se observó dimorfismo sexual en general a excepc","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of Telemedicine as Complement to Improve Information and Access to Contraception. A Challenge or an Opportunity in Times of Pandemic?","authors":"IE Naranjo, AD Ochoa","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14489","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of Covid-19 and all the restrictions that the pandemic has brought with it can affect contraception processes in women, which is why telemedicine is a very useful tool. For this reason, it has been proposed to develop this bibliographic review article on contraception and telemedicine to provide gynecological guidance, specifically contraception through telemedicine during the pandemic. A narrative-type bibliographic review was carried out, whose information was obtained from databases that met the proposed inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 34 bibliographies that met the established parameters were selected. Telemedicine refers to the use of information and communication technology to provide and support medical care. The articles and scientific research consulted, confirm positive experiences with the use of telemedicine to receive contraceptive advice during the Covid-19 pandemic. Additionally, patients appreciated the convenience of telemedicine and valued the virtual counseling experience. The Covid-19 pandemic has lead to a widespread implementation of telemedicine; however, there is minimal evidence regarding it and its relationship with gynecology. Therefore, the implementation of clinical guidelines is suggested to improve practices of telemedicine in the patient population that requires the use of contraception.&#x0D; Keywords: contraception, Covid-19, telemedicine.&#x0D; Resumen&#x0D; Introducción: La aparición de la enfermedad por coronavirus de 2019 (Covid-19) y todas las restricciones que ha traído consigo la pandemia puede afectar los procesos de anticoncepción en las mujeres, por lo que la telemedicina resulta una herramienta muy útil; por tal razón, se ha propuesto desarrollar el presente artículo de revisión bibliográfica sobre anticoncepción y telemedicina para brindar orientación ginecológica, específicamente de anticoncepción a través de la telemedicina en tiempos de pandemia. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de tipo narrativa, cuya información ha sido obtenida de bases de datos que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión propuestos. Se seleccionaron un total de 34 bibliografías que cumplían con los parámetros establecidos. Desarrollo y Discusión: La telemedicina se refiere al uso de la tecnología de la información y las comunicaciones para brindar y apoyar la atención médica. Los artículos e investigaciones científicas consultadas confirman experiencias positivas, con el empleo de visitas de telemedicina para recibir asesoramiento sobre anticonceptivos durante la pandemia de Covid-19. Además, los pacientes apreciaron la conveniencia de las visitas de telemedicina y valoraron la experiencia de asesoramiento virtual. Conclusión: La pandemia de Covid-19 está conduciendo a una implementación generalizada de la telemedicina, sin embargo, existe evidencia mínima en torno a esta y su relación con la ginecología, por lo tanto, se sugiere la implementación de guías clínicas para m","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obtaining a Carbonated Drink Based on Malted Quinoa","authors":"Jaqueline Elizabeth Balseca Castro, Shirley Michelle Alvarez Quispe, Mabel Mariela Parada Rivera, Lourdes Cumandá Carrera Beltrán","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14439","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract &#x0D; Carbonated drinks containing high amounts of fructose and sugar are widely consumed around the world. The food industry produces large quantities of sugary, alcoholic, and carbonated beverages that lack essential vitamins, proteins, and nutrients yet are still popular among consumers. However, the regular consumption of these drinks can have a negative impact on a person’s health and well-being. To address this issue, a research study was conducted to develop a carbonated drink made from quinoa malt that is both nutritious and safe for human consumption. Various industrial processes were used to create the carbonated drink and laboratory tests were conducted to ensure the quality of the raw materials. The product was validated using NTE INEN 2 302:2009 standards and the final result was a malt beverage with 12.6% total extract, 3.98 CO2 by volume, 0.9% protein, 0% alcoholic strength, and free from total coliforms, mesophilic aerobics, molds, and yeasts. The carbonated beverage with 30% quinoa malt concentration received a high approval rating in the discrimination analysis. A batch of 500 liters was established for production and the sale price was set at $1.63 per unit to make it accessible to the general public.&#x0D; Keywords: quinoa malt, unit operations, carbonated beverage, product validation, cost analysis.&#x0D; Resumen&#x0D; El consumo de bebidas carbonatadas que contienen azúcar es extremadamente común en todo el mundo y contienen grandes cantidades de fructosa. Se conoce que empresas multinacionales y transnacionales afines a la industria alimentaria producen a diario grandes cantidades de bebidas azucaradas, alcohólicas y carbonatadas con un déficit neto de vitaminas, proteínas y nutrientes, pero con una excelente aceptación en el mercado. La ingesta diaria de este tipo de bebidas afecta directamente a la salud y bienestar del consumidor. El principal objetivo de la investigación es obtener una bebida carbonatada a base del malteado de quinua apta para el consumo humano y de buen valor nutricional. Para ello se realizaron procedimientos aplicados de manera industrial en la obtención de la bebida carbonatada, partiendo de diferentes pruebas y ensayos a nivel de laboratorio, que determinen la calidad de la materia prima, con la finalidad de obtener un producto de excelente calidad. Para la validación del producto y del proceso se basó en la NTE INEN 2 302:2009. Bebida de malta del cual se obtuvo resultados de 12,6% de extracto total, 3,98 en volumen de CO2, 0.9% de proteína, 0% de grado alcohólico y ausencia de coliformes totales, aerobios mesófilos, mohos y levaduras. La bebida carbonatada a una concentración del 30% de malta de quinua presentó una mayor aprobación dentro del análisis de discriminación, el lote se estableció para la producción de 500 litros y un precio de venta por unidad de 1,63 dólares para accesibilidad al público en general.&#x0D; Palabras Clave: malta de quinua, operaciones unitarias, bebida carbon","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135292361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morbidity and Mortality of Newborns with Gastrointestinal Surgical Pathology Admitted to the Neonatology Service of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital","authors":"C Villacis-Astúa, J Ulloa-Pesántez","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14435","url":null,"abstract":"Morbidity and mortality in newborns with gastrointestinal malformations are high, even more so in low- and middle-income countries due to the need for immediate surgical care. However, the literature on these anomalies is scarce in Ecuador. This research aims to increase the registered data on the morbidity and mortality of newborns with gastrointestinal surgical pathology in Cuenca, Ecuador. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, involving 63 newborns with gastrointestinal surgical pathology admitted to the neonatology service of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital. Data collection was done by reviewing medical records, using a form. The results showed that the mortality rate was higher in 2020. The majority of live newborns had esophageal atresia, they were male, born at term, with middle-aged mothers from urban areas. Of the deceased, the majority had a congenital diaphragmatic hernia, they were children of mothers from rural areas, and half died within 24 hours of being born, mainly from septic shock. In conclusion, the results of this study should not be considered definitive due to the omission of 23 clinical histories; moreover, a low mortality rate is evidenced. It was also observed that they died mainly from septic shock, a preventable cause of mortality from the first level of care with the detection of maternal risk factors.&#x0D; Keywords: morbidity, mortality, malformation, surgical neonate.&#x0D; Resumen &#x0D; Antecedentes: la morbimortalidad en recién nacidos con malformaciones gastrointestinales es elevada, más aún en países de ingresos medios y bajos debido a la necesidad de atención quirúrgica inmediata, sin embargo la literatura sobre estas anomalías es escasa en el Ecuador. Objetivos: incrementar los datos registrados sobre la morbimortalidad de recién nacidos con patología quirúrgica gastrointestinal en Cuenca, Ecuador. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, participaron 63 recién nacidos con patología quirúrgica gastrointestinal ingresados en el servicio de neonatología del Hospital Vicente Corral Mosoco. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante la revisión de historias clínicas, empleando un formulario. Resultados: la tasa de mortalidad fue mayor, en el año 2020. La mayoría de recién nacidos vivos tenían atresia esofágica, eran hombres, nacidos a término, con madres de edad media, procedentes de zonas urbanas. De los fallecidos, la mayoría tenía hernia diafragmática congénita, eran hijos de madres procedentes de zonas rurales, la mitad murió a las 24 horas de nacido, principalmente de shock séptico. Conclusiones: los resultados de este estudio no deben considerarse como definitivos, debido a la omisión de 23 historias clínicas, se evidencia una baja tasa de mortalidad. También se observó que fallecieron principalmente de shock séptico, una causa de mortalidad prevenible desde el primer nivel de atención con la detección de factores de riesgo maternos.&#x0D; Palabras Clave: Morbilidad","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Selection of Suppliers with Environmental Criteria in Small Companies in the City of Durán, Ecuador","authors":"O. Parada Gutiérrez, O Parada Pérez","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14451","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable, efficient, and competitive supply chain management implies a change of perspective in small companies: moving from purchasing as an operational and routine function to strategic management of procuring and selecting suitable suppliers. In other words, supplier selection is a multi-criteria decision problem. The methodology used in this research refers to a mixed descriptive approach. The information necessary for the study was obtained through surveys and group work with the participation of owners of 27 small businesses in the city of Durán. The expert method, Saaty’s hierarchical analysis and the technique of order preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) were applied in this study. The results obtained helped to identify the main weaknesses in procurement management in the small companies studied, the selection of sustainable suppliers, and possible actions for improvement. The study found that small companies have shortcomings in supply chain management and selecting suitable suppliers to meet sustainability objectives. The shortcomings were financial, cultural, and market management.&#x0D; Keywords: supply chain management, supplier selection, multi-criteria decision.&#x0D; Resumen &#x0D; La gestión de la cadena de suministros sostenible, eficiente y competitiva supone un cambio de perspectiva en las pequeñas empresas: pasar de la compra como una función operativa y rutinaria a una gestión estratégica de los aprovisionamientos y la selección idónea de los proveedores. En otras palabras, la selección de proveedores es un problema de decisión multicriterio. La metodología utilizada en la investigación refiere un enfoque mixto, de tipo descriptiva. La información necesaria para el estudio se obtuvo a través de encuestas y trabajo en grupo con la participación de propietarios de 27 pequeñas empresas de la ciudad de Durán. En el estudio se aplicó el método de expertos, análisis jerárquico de Saaty y la técnica de Preferencia de Pedidos por Similitud a la Solución Ideal (TOPSIS). Los resultados obtenidos permitieron identificar las principales insuficiencias de la gestión de aprovisionamientos en las pequeñas empresas estudiadas, la selección de proveedores sostenibles y posibles acciones de mejora. El estudio constató que las pequeñas empresas tienen insuficiencias en la gestión de la cadena de suministros y selección de proveedores idóneos cumplir con objetivos de sostenibilidad. Las insuficiencias son de tipo financiero, cultural y de gestión en el mercado.&#x0D; Palabras Clave: gestión de la cadena de suministros, selección de proveedores, decisión multicriterio.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}