ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.最新文献

{"title":"Device for Determining Variations in Stem Thickness of Trees","authors":"J. Chimarro, F. Freire","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14470","url":null,"abstract":"In precision agriculture, obtaining accurate information in real-time is essential when making relevant decisions; for example, to determine the hydric stress of plants, continuous monitoring of different plant variables such as stem thickness is required, since this is a very relevant indicator to define the water need. For this purpose, a low-cost prototype was developed to constantly monitor the fluctuations of the diameter of the trunk of a tree. The device has been designed so that it can acquire information autonomously with the help of a control software,. The sensitivity of the device allows measuring variations of up to 8 mm, which is considered optimal for this type of need. During the development of the prototype, the mechanical and electronic structure was designed using simulation software, considering the technical characteristics and functional requirements of the sensor, a control system and power supply. The prototype was built using a 3D printer, the mathematical model used in the control system was validated in a controlled environment presenting a percentage error of 2%, which is considered acceptable, prior to the implementation of the prototype in the field.
 Keywords: agriculture, water stress, log diameter, 3D model.
 Resumen
 En la agricultura de precisión la obtención de información precisa y en tiempo real es fundamental al momento de tomar decisiones relevantes; por ejemplo, para determinar el estrés hídrico de las plantas se requiere de un monitoreo continuo de diferentes variables de la planta como el grosor del tallo puesto que este es un indicador de mucha relevancia para poder definir la necesidad hídrica. Con esta finalidad se desarrolló un prototipo de bajo costo para monitorear constantemente las fluctuaciones del diámetro del tronco de un árbol, el dispositivo ha sido diseñado de manera que pueda adquirir información de forma autónoma apoyado por un software de control, la sensibilidad del dispositivo permite medir variaciones hasta de 8 mm, lo cual se considera óptimo para este tipo de necesidad. Durante el desarrollo del prototipo se diseñó la estructura mecánica y electrónica utilizando software de simulación, tomando en cuenta las características técnicas y requerimientos funcionales del sensor, del sistema de control y alimentación. El prototipo se construyó utilizando una impresora 3D, el modelo matemático utilizado en el sistema de control fue validados en un entorno controlado presentando un error porcentual del 2 %, lo cual se considera aceptable, previo a la implementación del prototipo en campo.
 Palabras Clave: Agricultura, Estrés hídrico, Diámetro de troco, Modelo 3D.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135292500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of land grabbing and agribusiness on peasant family farming in the province of Los Ríos – Ecuador","authors":"K Ramírez, G Zambrano, A Santos, F Calderón","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14471","url":null,"abstract":"Land grabbing and agribusiness have generated serious implications for the sustainability of peasant communities in the global south. This paper analyzes perceptions of the impact of land grabbing and agribusiness on peasant family farming in three cantons of Los Ríos Province in Ecuador, using focus groups in 2020. The sustainable development framework and content analysis using NVIVO12 software were used. In the territories, negative impacts were mostly identified that seriously compromise their sustainable development, given that monocultures and the agribusiness production system have had strong implications in deforestation, loss of biodiversity, contamination of natural resources, modification of the agricultural landscape, and farmers’ health.
 Keywords: land grabbing, peasants, agribusiness.
 Resumen
 El acaparamiento de tierras y los agronegocios han generado serias implicaciones en la sostenibilidad de comunidades campesinas del sur global. En este artículo se analizan las percepciones del impacto del acaparamiento de tierras y los agronegocios en la agricultura familiar campesina en tres cantones de la Provincia de Los Ríos en Ecuador, aplicando grupos focales en el 2020. Se empleó el marco del desarrollo sostenible y el análisis de contenidos mediante el software NVIVO12. En los territorios se identificaron mayoritariamente impactos negativos que comprometen seriamente su desarrollo sostenible, dado que los monocultivos, sistema de producción de los agronegocios, han tenido fuertes implicaciones en la deforestación, pérdida de biodiversidad, contaminación de recursos naturales, modificación paisaje agrícola y salud de los agricultores.
 Palabras Clave: acaparamiento de tierras, campesinos, agronegocios.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135290558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the GAVAC® Immunogen and the Rational Use of Acaricides as an Alternative for an Integrated Tick Control Program in Ecuador","authors":"Richar Rodríguez-Hidalg, Tania Tinoco, Lenin Ron-Garrido, Ximena Perez-Otañez","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14487","url":null,"abstract":"Rhipicephalus microplus one of the ectoparasites with the most significant impact on livestock health and the economy in Ecuador and globally. Controlling ticks through chemical means has been demonstrated to be ineffective, resulting in acaricide resistance and increasing costs and health problems in tropical and subtropical livestock. Several tick control alternatives have been investigated to date, showing promising results under laboratory conditions but not in field applications. The use of multiple control alternatives in a comprehensive management plan for tick control has proven to be effective in reducing tick infestation. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of immunization with the Gavac® vaccine and its effect on the rational use of acaricides. The study aimed to establish the impact of immunization on the biotic potential of Rhipicephalus microplus, the level of infestation, and the frequency of acaricidal baths. In a pilot farm, 176 bovines were vaccinated, and 30 animals were observed every 15 days for eight months, resulting in 18 observations. Observationally, a significant reduction in tick load on animals was identified, as well as a reduction in the use of acaricides by less than 10% (1 bath) compared to the farm’s estimated use. On average, acaricidal baths were administered 23 days after vaccination. The study found a statistically significant decrease in the number of ticks on the animals, the weight of the eggs, and their hatching percentage after the inclusion of the vaccination program on the farm. However, no statistically significant effect on the weight of engorged ticks was observed. In conclusion, the Gavac® vaccine has a positive observational effect on controlling the presence of ticks in animals and a negative effect on their reproductive aspects.
 Keywords: Rhipicephalus microplus; vaccine; bovines; acaricide control; integrated tick control program.
 Resumen
 Rhipicephalus microplus es considerado como uno de los ectoparásitos de mayor impacto sanitario y económico en las ganaderías del Ecuador y del mundo. En la actualidad, se ha demostrado que los métodos de control químico son poco eficientes y generan resistencias a los acaricidas en las garrapatas; aumentando los costos y los problemas sanitarios en las ganaderías tropicales y subtropicales. Hasta la presente fecha se han investigado varias alternativas de control para las garrapatas con buenos resultados en condiciones de laboratorio; no así, en su aplicación en el campo. El uso combinado y técnico de dos o más alternativas de control ha mostrado buenos resultados en la disminución de las garrapatas dentro de un “plan de manejo integral para el control de las garrapatas”. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la efectividad de la inmunización con la vacuna Gavac® y su efecto en el uso racional de acaricidas; estableciendo el impacto de la inmunización sobre el potencial biótico de Rh. microplus, el nivel de in","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135290862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-vaccination Symptoms with Second Dose of AstraZeneca in a Sample of Immunized Population of Ecuadorian Public Servants","authors":"TV Carpio Arias, RC Saeteros Hernández, P Herrera Cisneros, GR Inca Ruiz","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14486","url":null,"abstract":"Since AstraZeneca is a new vaccine against SARSCOV2, it should be monitored worldwide. This study presents the adverse reactions caused by the second dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine. Thequantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional research used a validated survey conducted on 428 public staff who were vaccinated with the second dose of the ChAdOx1-S vaccine at the Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, the results were processed in Jamovi. 289 respondents reported having symptoms after inoculation, women (13.15%) presented more symptoms than men (7.27%). Most of the symptoms, both local and systemic, were mild and subsided with the administration of oral analgesics and lasted up to three days in 50% of the cases. AstraZeneca’s vaccine proves to be a safe biologic vaccine to generate antibodies against SARSCOV” in the adult population, and its use is therefore recommended.
 Keywords: drug-related side effects and adverse reactions, coronavirus infections, pharmacovigilance
 Resumen
 Introducción: Dado que se trata de una nueva vacuna contra el SARSCOV2, debe ser monitoreada a nivel mundial, el presente estudio presenta las reacciones adversas presentadas con la segunda dosis de la vacuna AstraZeneca. Materiales y Métodos: La presente investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva, transversal, utilizó una encuesta validada aplicada a 428 funcionarios públicos que fueron vacunados con la segunda dosis de la vacuna ChAdOx1- S en la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, los resultados fueron procesados en Jamovi . Resultados: 289 encuestados informaron tener síntomas después de la inoculación, las mujeres (13,15%) presentaron más síntomas que los hombres (7,27%). La mayoría de los síntomas, tanto locales como sistémicos, fueron leves y cedieron con la administración de analgésicos orales y duraron hasta tres días en el 50% de los casos. Conclusiones: La vacuna de AstraZeneca demuestra ser una vacuna biológica segura para generar anticuerpos frente al SARSCOV” en la población adulta, por lo que se recomienda su uso.
 Palabras Clave: kwd2.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors that Affect the Business Performance of Commercial Mipymes in the Tarqui Parish of Guayaquil","authors":"Wendy Paola Quimi Franco, Dennise Ivonne Quimi Franco, Emilio Javier Flores Villacrés, Christian Elías Merizalde Andrade","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14484","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aims to analyze the factors that affect the business performance of commercial MSMEs in the Tarqui parish of Guayaquil to establish useful strategies in the market. In the study, surveys were applied that indicated which factors can help improve the development and growth of MSMEs, which correspond to those that involve the adoption of new technologies, innovation, diversification, and training. Based on the above data, it was proposed to measure their performance through a descriptive study that interprets the perceptions of the owners. The survey was conducted on 50 owners or administrators who answered the questions, which reflected a very low performance of these Mipymes that are concerning, and should be addressed. Therefore, it was decided to propose strategies for Mipymes to position themselves in the market where different points are detailed, such as the training of entrepreneurs, having more facilities to obtain leverage, product diversification, and customer loyalty.
 Keywords: business performance, strategies, MSMEs, entrepreneurs.
 Resumen
 La esencia de este estudio es analizar los factores que inciden en el desempeño empresarial de las Mipymes comerciales en la parroquia Tarqui de Guayaquil, con el fin de establecer estrategias que sean útiles para mejorar su permanencia en el mercado. En el estudio se aplicaron encuestas que nos indicaron que factores pueden ayudar a mejorar el desarrollo y crecimiento de las Mipymes los cuales corresponden a aquellos que involucran la adopción de nuevas tecnologías, la innovación, diversificación y capacitación. En base a lo expuesto se plantea medir su desempeño a través de un estudio descriptivo que interprete las percepciones de los propietarios, la encuesta se aplicó a 50 dueños o administradores que respondieron a las preguntas, que reflejaron un desempeño muy bajo de estas Mipymes lo cual es un peligro muy preocupante, que debería de ser atendido. Por lo tanto, se decidió proponer estrategias para que las Mipymes logren posicionarse en el mercado donde se detallan diferentes puntos tales como la formación de emprendedores, tener más facilidades para la obtención de un apalancamiento, diversificación de productos, y fidelización de clientes.
 Palabras Clave: Desempeño empresarial, estrategias, Mipymes, Emprendedores.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecuadorian Amazonian Fruits: A Proposal to Value Biodiversity and Promote Food Sovereignty","authors":"M Sanchez Capa, M Corell Gonzalez, C Mestanza Ramón","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14452","url":null,"abstract":"Fruits are characterized as a source of vitamins and minerals, recognized as an important part of a healthy eating pattern that reduces the risk of some chronic diseases. The Ecuadorian flora in the Amazon region is rich in edible fruits, but little is known about their characteristics and nutritional importance. At the same time, over the years, traditional knowledge about them has been lost. With this implication, this work pretends to describe a research proposal that values the biodiversity of edible fruits in the Ecuadorian Amazon, so that these underutilized products are conceived as more than merchandise. For this purpose, a narrative bibliographic review and a participatory observation were carried out. The research proposal included three stages i) the characterization of fruits traded in local markets; ii) an ethnobotanical study to identify the use and preference of the fruits; and iii) the analysis of bioactive compounds of at least 5 fruits prioritized according to the characterization and ethnobotanical study. The proposal stages generated research that converges the valuation of biodiversity, traditional knowledge, and nutritional potential of Ecuadorian Amazonian fruits.
 Keywords: edibles, characterization, bioactives, Ecuador, ethnobotany.
 Resumen 
 Las frutas se caracterizan por ser una fuente de vitaminas y minerales, reconocidas como una parte importante de un patrón de alimentación saludable que reducen el riesgo de algunas enfermedades crónicas. La flora ecuatoriana en la región amazónica es rica en frutas comestibles, pero muy poco se conoce sobre sus características e importancia nutricional. A su vez, con el pasar de los años se está perdiendo el conocimiento tradicional sobre estas. Con esta implicación, este trabajo busca describir una propuesta de investigación que valore la biodiversidad de las frutas comestibles presentes en la Amazonía ecuatoriana para que estos productos infrautilizados sean concebidos como algo más que mercancías. Para esto se realizó una revisión bibliográfica narrativa y una observación participativa. La propuesta resultante incluyó tres etapas i) la caracterización de las frutas comercializadas en los mercados locales ii) un estudio etnobotánico que identifique el uso y preferencia de las frutas y iii) el análisis de compuestos bioactivos de al menos 5 frutas priorizadas de acuerdo con la caracterización y estudio etnobotánico. Las etapas de la propuesta generaron una investigación que converge la valoración de la biodiversidad, el conocimiento tradicional y el potencial nutricional de las frutas amazónicas ecuatorianas.
 Palabras Clave: comestibles, caracterización, bioactivos, Ecuador, etnobotánica.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adults with sedentary lifestyle, overweight, obesity and the risk of developing obstructive sleep apnea hypoapnea syndrome in a sample of the Ecuadorian population","authors":"A Ruales Obando, V Carpio Arias","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14417","url":null,"abstract":"Overweight, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle have been associated with poor sleep quality, which includes obstructive sleep apnea-hypoapnea syndrome. The objective of this research was to relate sedentary lifestyle, overweight, and obesity as risk factors for developing obstructive sleep apnea-hypoapnea syndrome in a sample of Ecuadorian adults. For this research, adults over 18 years of age belonging to 17 provinces of Ecuador were considered as the study population, the non-probability sampling technique was used for convenience, and different questionnaires were used for data collection: Berlin questionnaire was used to evaluate the risk of obstructive sleep apnea-hypoapnea syndrome, Epworth sleepiness questionnaire for the study of sleep quality, as well as the IPAQ international physical activity questionnaire. Among the most important results, 61.4% women, 95.2% mestizos, 47.8% people were those who performed high physical activities, 82.4% resided in the urban areas. Participants with normal weight predominated, 57.7%. It was found that 10.3% of the surveyed population presents a high risk of suffering from obstructive sleep apnea-hypoapnea syndrome. When relating it to the physical activity variable, it was observed that sedentary people have 17.3% of suffering from the syndrome of obstructive sleep apnea-hypoapnea, when relating to overweight and obesity we found 10.85% and 63.6%, respectively. These differences were statistically significant p < 0.05. In conclusion, the risk of obstructive sleep apnea-hypoapnea syndrome was related to sedentary, overweight, and obese people.&#x0D; Keywords: obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome sedentary lifestyle, physical activity, overweight, obesity.&#x0D; Resumen &#x0D; En los últimos años se ha asociado al sobrepeso, obesidad y sedentarismo como causas de una mala calidad del sueño que han provocado enfermedades como el síndrome de apneahipoapnea obstructiva del sueño. El objetivo de la investigación fue relacionar el sedentarismo, sobrepeso y obesidad como factores de riesgo para desarrollar el síndrome de apneahipoapnea obstructiva del sueño en una muestra de personas adultas ecuatorianas. Para la investigación se tomó como población de estudio a personas adultas mayores de 18 años pertenecientes a 17 provincias del Ecuador, se utilizó la técnica de muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, para la recolección de datos se utilizó diferentes cuestionarios: cuestionario de Berlín que evalúa el riesgo de padecer síndrome de apnea-hipoapnea obstructiva del sueño, cuestionario de somnolencia de Epworth para el estudio de la calidad del sueño y el cuestionario internacional de actividad física IPAQ. Entre los resultados más importantes se resalta mujeres 61,4%, mestizos 95,2%, personas que realizan actividades físicas altas 47,8%, residen en la zona urbana 82,4%. Predominaron los participantes con normopeso 57,7%. Se encontró que el 10,3% de la población encuestada presenta riesgo alto de pad","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semi-synthetic Derivatives of Limonin A: Synthesis Using Basic Hydrolysis and Reduction with NaBH4","authors":"E. R. Ocaña, M. J. Suárez, G. Gilardoni, O. G. Malagón","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14418","url":null,"abstract":"Limonin A (L-A) was obtained from seeds of Citrus sinensis that were dried, grounded, and extracted using Soxhlet equipment. Initially, 100% hexane was used to eliminate fats, and finally, 100% dichloromethane was used in order to concentrate and isolate the compound. L-A recrystallization was performed using acetic acid. The purified fraction was identified as limonin according to spectral nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. Two reactions were performed from L-A: Basic hydrolysis that acted on the A’ lactone ring producing a sodium salt of the lactone, and reduction with NaBH4 to reduce the carbonyl of carbon C-7 and generate the corresponding alcohol limonol. The structural modification of abundant secondary metabolites can become a source of new products with biological activity, useful in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and agrochemical industries of natural origin.&#x0D; Keywords: limonin, semisynthetic derivates, bioactive compounds, non-timber forest products.&#x0D; Resumen &#x0D; La limonina A (L-A) se obtuvo a partir de semillas de Citrus sinensis, que fueron secadas, molidas y extraídas en equipo Soxhlet, utilizando inicialmente hexano al 100% para eliminar grasas y finalmente diclorometano al 100% para concentrar y aislar el compuesto. La re cristalización de la L-A se realizó utilizando ácido acético. La fracción purificada se identificó como limonina, acorde a los datos espectrales de RMN (Resonancia Magnética Nuclear). A partir de la Limonina A se realizaron dos reacciones: Hidrólisis básica que actuó sobre el anillo de lactona A’ produciendo la sal sódica de lactona y reducción con NaBH4 para reducir el carbonilo del carbono C-7 y generar el correspondiente alcohol limonol. La modificación estructural de metabolitos secundarios abundantes puede convertirse en una fuente para generar nuevos productos con actividad biológica, útiles en las industrias farmacéutica, cosmética y agroquímica de origen natural.&#x0D; Palabras Clave: Limonina; derivados semisintéticos, compuestos bioactivos, productos forestales no maderables.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition is Perceived as an Ecosystem Service of the Mangrove by Rural People in Ecuador","authors":"W. Vanegas, L. Carvajal, D. D. Peñafiel, R. L. Espinel","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14482","url":null,"abstract":"The mangrove ecosystem is considered as the source of livelihood, particularly for coastal areas. This study explores the perception of the inhabitants of Puerto El Morro and the island of Costa Rica (Ecuador) against the ecosystem services of the mangrove. Seven quantitative variables were used on the Likert scale by performing exploratory factor analysis. The results were based on a sample of 94 participants finding 2 factors, tourism (29.07% of variance) and nutritious food production (25.45% of variance remaining). The reliability of the questionnaire was acceptable according to Cronbach’s Alpha 0.654. A confirmatory factor analysis is necessary to revalidate the items of the factors.&#x0D; Keywords: coastal communities, eating, mangroves, livelihoods, nutrition.&#x0D; Resumen&#x0D; El ecosistema de manglar se considera fuente de medios de vida, en particular para zonas costeras. Este estudio explora la percepción de los habitantes de Puerto El Morro y la isla Costa Rica (Ecuador) frente a los servicios ecosistémicos del manglar. Se utilizaron 7 variables cuantitativas en escala de Likert realizando análisis factorial exploratorio. Los resultados parten de una muestra de 94 participantes, hallando 2 factores: turismo (29,07% de varianza) y producción alimentos nutritivos (25,45% de varianza restante). La confiabilidad del cuestionario fue aceptable según el Alfa de Cronbach 0.654. Es necesario un análisis factorial confirmatorio para revalidar los ítems de los factores.&#x0D; Palabras Clave: comunidades costeras; alimentación; manglares; medios de vida; nutrición.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135292509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception Analysis for the Selection of Postgraduate Programs in Presential and Virtual Modality","authors":"E. W. Moreira Santos, M. A. Zamora Cusme, M. E. Párraga Alcívar, M. G. Cruz López","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14490","url":null,"abstract":"The research proposed in this paper focuses on the analysis of perception for the selection of postgraduate programs in face-to-face and virtual modality in the Directorate of Postgraduate and Continuing Education of the ESPAM MFL. Although it is true, face-to-face education is of vital importance for the formation of a student, since it fixes their attention in place, time, and space, promoting social interaction that becomes a key to success in learning. However, in the last three years, in the face of adverse and unexpected situations, virtual university education has prepared to revolutionize the concept of learning beyond face-to-face learning. The objective of this research is inclined toward the description of the appreciation of students who have received master’s classes in both virtual and face-to-face modalities. In order to obtain the data that allowed defining the results and conclusions, a survey was applied through a Google Forms questionnaire with a total of 13 questions that determined the perception that 87 students have when selecting a postgraduate program, and it raised a descriptive investigation to represent the data found. Finally, with the information obtained, it was possible to show that the applicants reflect a favorable attitude toward learning in virtual environments, because it allows them to continue with their other activities and foster skills with the use of technological tools that contribute to creativity, innovation, and arouse interest in learning.&#x0D; Keywords: fourth level, education, face-to-face, online.&#x0D; Resumen&#x0D; La investigación planteada en el presente trabajo, se centra en el análisis de percepción para la selección de programas de posgrado en modalidad presencial y virtual en la Dirección de Posgrado y Educación Continua de la ESPAM MFL. Si bien es cierto, la educación presencial es de vital importancia para la formación de un estudiante, ya que esta fija su atención en lugar, tiempo y espacio, promoviendo la interacción social que se convierte en una clave de éxito para el aprendizaje; no obstante, en los últimos tres años, frente a situaciones adversas e inesperadas, mediante la educación virtual universitaria se logró revolucionar el concepto del aprendizaje más allá de la presencialidad. El objetivo de esta investigación, se inclina en la descripción de las apreciaciones de los estudiantes que han recibido clases de maestría tanto en modalidad virtual como presencial. Para la obtención de los datos que permitieron definir los resultados y las conclusiones, se aplicó una encuesta mediante un cuestionario de Google Forms con un total de 13 preguntas que definen la percepción que tienen 87 estudiantes al momento de seleccionar un programa de posgrado y se planteó una investigación descriptiva para representar los datos encontrados. Finalmente, con la información obtenida se pudo evidenciar que los postulantes reflejan una actitud favorable con el aprendizaje en entornos virtuales, debid","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135290618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}