ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.最新文献

{"title":"Ecuadorian Amazonian Fruits: A Proposal to Value Biodiversity and Promote Food Sovereignty","authors":"M Sanchez Capa, M Corell Gonzalez, C Mestanza Ramón","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14452","url":null,"abstract":"Fruits are characterized as a source of vitamins and minerals, recognized as an important part of a healthy eating pattern that reduces the risk of some chronic diseases. The Ecuadorian flora in the Amazon region is rich in edible fruits, but little is known about their characteristics and nutritional importance. At the same time, over the years, traditional knowledge about them has been lost. With this implication, this work pretends to describe a research proposal that values the biodiversity of edible fruits in the Ecuadorian Amazon, so that these underutilized products are conceived as more than merchandise. For this purpose, a narrative bibliographic review and a participatory observation were carried out. The research proposal included three stages i) the characterization of fruits traded in local markets; ii) an ethnobotanical study to identify the use and preference of the fruits; and iii) the analysis of bioactive compounds of at least 5 fruits prioritized according to the characterization and ethnobotanical study. The proposal stages generated research that converges the valuation of biodiversity, traditional knowledge, and nutritional potential of Ecuadorian Amazonian fruits.
 Keywords: edibles, characterization, bioactives, Ecuador, ethnobotany.
 Resumen 
 Las frutas se caracterizan por ser una fuente de vitaminas y minerales, reconocidas como una parte importante de un patrón de alimentación saludable que reducen el riesgo de algunas enfermedades crónicas. La flora ecuatoriana en la región amazónica es rica en frutas comestibles, pero muy poco se conoce sobre sus características e importancia nutricional. A su vez, con el pasar de los años se está perdiendo el conocimiento tradicional sobre estas. Con esta implicación, este trabajo busca describir una propuesta de investigación que valore la biodiversidad de las frutas comestibles presentes en la Amazonía ecuatoriana para que estos productos infrautilizados sean concebidos como algo más que mercancías. Para esto se realizó una revisión bibliográfica narrativa y una observación participativa. La propuesta resultante incluyó tres etapas i) la caracterización de las frutas comercializadas en los mercados locales ii) un estudio etnobotánico que identifique el uso y preferencia de las frutas y iii) el análisis de compuestos bioactivos de al menos 5 frutas priorizadas de acuerdo con la caracterización y estudio etnobotánico. Las etapas de la propuesta generaron una investigación que converge la valoración de la biodiversidad, el conocimiento tradicional y el potencial nutricional de las frutas amazónicas ecuatorianas.
 Palabras Clave: comestibles, caracterización, bioactivos, Ecuador, etnobotánica.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":" 25","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adults with sedentary lifestyle, overweight, obesity and the risk of developing obstructive sleep apnea hypoapnea syndrome in a sample of the Ecuadorian population","authors":"A Ruales Obando, V Carpio Arias","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14417","url":null,"abstract":"Overweight, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle have been associated with poor sleep quality, which includes obstructive sleep apnea-hypoapnea syndrome. The objective of this research was to relate sedentary lifestyle, overweight, and obesity as risk factors for developing obstructive sleep apnea-hypoapnea syndrome in a sample of Ecuadorian adults. For this research, adults over 18 years of age belonging to 17 provinces of Ecuador were considered as the study population, the non-probability sampling technique was used for convenience, and different questionnaires were used for data collection: Berlin questionnaire was used to evaluate the risk of obstructive sleep apnea-hypoapnea syndrome, Epworth sleepiness questionnaire for the study of sleep quality, as well as the IPAQ international physical activity questionnaire. Among the most important results, 61.4% women, 95.2% mestizos, 47.8% people were those who performed high physical activities, 82.4% resided in the urban areas. Participants with normal weight predominated, 57.7%. It was found that 10.3% of the surveyed population presents a high risk of suffering from obstructive sleep apnea-hypoapnea syndrome. When relating it to the physical activity variable, it was observed that sedentary people have 17.3% of suffering from the syndrome of obstructive sleep apnea-hypoapnea, when relating to overweight and obesity we found 10.85% and 63.6%, respectively. These differences were statistically significant p < 0.05. In conclusion, the risk of obstructive sleep apnea-hypoapnea syndrome was related to sedentary, overweight, and obese people.&#x0D; Keywords: obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome sedentary lifestyle, physical activity, overweight, obesity.&#x0D; Resumen &#x0D; En los últimos años se ha asociado al sobrepeso, obesidad y sedentarismo como causas de una mala calidad del sueño que han provocado enfermedades como el síndrome de apneahipoapnea obstructiva del sueño. El objetivo de la investigación fue relacionar el sedentarismo, sobrepeso y obesidad como factores de riesgo para desarrollar el síndrome de apneahipoapnea obstructiva del sueño en una muestra de personas adultas ecuatorianas. Para la investigación se tomó como población de estudio a personas adultas mayores de 18 años pertenecientes a 17 provincias del Ecuador, se utilizó la técnica de muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, para la recolección de datos se utilizó diferentes cuestionarios: cuestionario de Berlín que evalúa el riesgo de padecer síndrome de apnea-hipoapnea obstructiva del sueño, cuestionario de somnolencia de Epworth para el estudio de la calidad del sueño y el cuestionario internacional de actividad física IPAQ. Entre los resultados más importantes se resalta mujeres 61,4%, mestizos 95,2%, personas que realizan actividades físicas altas 47,8%, residen en la zona urbana 82,4%. Predominaron los participantes con normopeso 57,7%. Se encontró que el 10,3% de la población encuestada presenta riesgo alto de pad","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":" 13","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semi-synthetic Derivatives of Limonin A: Synthesis Using Basic Hydrolysis and Reduction with NaBH4","authors":"E. R. Ocaña, M. J. Suárez, G. Gilardoni, O. G. Malagón","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14418","url":null,"abstract":"Limonin A (L-A) was obtained from seeds of Citrus sinensis that were dried, grounded, and extracted using Soxhlet equipment. Initially, 100% hexane was used to eliminate fats, and finally, 100% dichloromethane was used in order to concentrate and isolate the compound. L-A recrystallization was performed using acetic acid. The purified fraction was identified as limonin according to spectral nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. Two reactions were performed from L-A: Basic hydrolysis that acted on the A’ lactone ring producing a sodium salt of the lactone, and reduction with NaBH4 to reduce the carbonyl of carbon C-7 and generate the corresponding alcohol limonol. The structural modification of abundant secondary metabolites can become a source of new products with biological activity, useful in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and agrochemical industries of natural origin.&#x0D; Keywords: limonin, semisynthetic derivates, bioactive compounds, non-timber forest products.&#x0D; Resumen &#x0D; La limonina A (L-A) se obtuvo a partir de semillas de Citrus sinensis, que fueron secadas, molidas y extraídas en equipo Soxhlet, utilizando inicialmente hexano al 100% para eliminar grasas y finalmente diclorometano al 100% para concentrar y aislar el compuesto. La re cristalización de la L-A se realizó utilizando ácido acético. La fracción purificada se identificó como limonina, acorde a los datos espectrales de RMN (Resonancia Magnética Nuclear). A partir de la Limonina A se realizaron dos reacciones: Hidrólisis básica que actuó sobre el anillo de lactona A’ produciendo la sal sódica de lactona y reducción con NaBH4 para reducir el carbonilo del carbono C-7 y generar el correspondiente alcohol limonol. La modificación estructural de metabolitos secundarios abundantes puede convertirse en una fuente para generar nuevos productos con actividad biológica, útiles en las industrias farmacéutica, cosmética y agroquímica de origen natural.&#x0D; Palabras Clave: Limonina; derivados semisintéticos, compuestos bioactivos, productos forestales no maderables.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":" 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition is Perceived as an Ecosystem Service of the Mangrove by Rural People in Ecuador","authors":"W. Vanegas, L. Carvajal, D. D. Peñafiel, R. L. Espinel","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14482","url":null,"abstract":"The mangrove ecosystem is considered as the source of livelihood, particularly for coastal areas. This study explores the perception of the inhabitants of Puerto El Morro and the island of Costa Rica (Ecuador) against the ecosystem services of the mangrove. Seven quantitative variables were used on the Likert scale by performing exploratory factor analysis. The results were based on a sample of 94 participants finding 2 factors, tourism (29.07% of variance) and nutritious food production (25.45% of variance remaining). The reliability of the questionnaire was acceptable according to Cronbach’s Alpha 0.654. A confirmatory factor analysis is necessary to revalidate the items of the factors.&#x0D; Keywords: coastal communities, eating, mangroves, livelihoods, nutrition.&#x0D; Resumen&#x0D; El ecosistema de manglar se considera fuente de medios de vida, en particular para zonas costeras. Este estudio explora la percepción de los habitantes de Puerto El Morro y la isla Costa Rica (Ecuador) frente a los servicios ecosistémicos del manglar. Se utilizaron 7 variables cuantitativas en escala de Likert realizando análisis factorial exploratorio. Los resultados parten de una muestra de 94 participantes, hallando 2 factores: turismo (29,07% de varianza) y producción alimentos nutritivos (25,45% de varianza restante). La confiabilidad del cuestionario fue aceptable según el Alfa de Cronbach 0.654. Es necesario un análisis factorial confirmatorio para revalidar los ítems de los factores.&#x0D; Palabras Clave: comunidades costeras; alimentación; manglares; medios de vida; nutrición.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":" 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135292509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Modeling of Straw Bale Loadbearing Wall","authors":"L. P. Viera Arroba, G. D. Pacheco Coronel, J. M. Vásquez Amaguaña","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14478","url":null,"abstract":"In Ecuador, there are qualitative and quantitative housing deficits that must be covered with materials that produce seismic-resistant, energy-efficient buildings that do not require a large amount of energy to be produced. Several studies indicate that the answer lies in straw bale structures. However, for these to be considered by designers, aids are needed to facilitate their structural modeling in specialized computer programs. Through literature reviews, the present research proposes a model that adapts the specific structural considerations of straw bale buildings to the tools available in a design program.&#x0D; Keywords: structure, bales, straw, model, program, design.&#x0D; Resumen&#x0D; En el Ecuador existe un déficit cualitativo y cuantitativo de viviendas que debe ser cubierto con materiales que produzcan edificaciones sismo resistentes, energéticamente eficientes y a la vez que no requieran gran cantidad de energía para ser producidos. Varios estudios señalan que la respuesta está en las estructuras elaboradas con fardos de paja. Sin embargo, para que éstas sean consideradas por los diseñadores son necesarias ayudas para facilitar su modelamiento estructural en programas informáticos especializados. La presente investigación, a través de revisiones bibliográficas, propone un modelo que adapta las consideraciones estructurales específicas de las construcciones con fardos de paja a las herramientas disponibles en un programa de diseño.&#x0D; Palabras Clave: estructura, fardos, paja, modelo, programa, diseño","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":" 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135290985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics in Stool Samples Obtained from Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus) in Family and Family-commercial Farms","authors":"J. Vázquez, J. Narváez, C. Ortuño","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14461","url":null,"abstract":"The inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents in guinea pigs to control enteric pathogens affects the nutritional sustainability of the rural population. Therefore, it is important to identify the pathogen, its resistance, and the appropriate antimicrobial agent for its control. The present investigation was carried out in family and family-commercial guinea pig farms, in eight rural parishes of the Gualaceo canton, Azuay province, Ecuador, from which 384 samples were obtained by rectal swabbing of guinea pigs from production units with enteric problems (diarrhea), the same ones that were transferred to the laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the University of Cuenca, in order to identify the bacterial agents present in fecal samples of guinea pigs. There the isolation of culture media and identification of pathogens were carried out, they were subsequently exposed to an antibiogram, in order to qualitatively assess their bacterial resistance. The data were tabulated and analyzed in SPSS, finding the presence of Escherichia coli (49.4%), Salmonella typhimurium (24.6%), Shigella flexneri (14.3%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.7%). The Chi-square test determined that of the five antimicrobials used, only tetracycline had a relationship between bacterial presence and resistance. It was also found that Escherichia coli presented a higher percentage of resistance, for enrofloxacin 22.5%, neomycin 14.2%, sulfamethoxazole - trimethoprim 33.3%, tetracyclines 29.2%. Data were analyzed at a confidence level of 95% with a 5% error, concluding that the identified pathogens have low resistance to the antimicrobials used, but are still susceptible.&#x0D; Keywords: bacterial resistance, antibiogram, enteric infection, antibiotics.&#x0D; Resumen &#x0D; El uso inadecuado de agentes antimicrobianos en cobayos para controlar patógenos entéricos, afectan la sustentabilidad alimenticia de la población rural, por ello es importante identificar el patógeno, su resistencia y el agente antimicrobiano adecuado para su control. La presente investigación se realizó en explotaciones de cobayos de tipo familiar y familiar – comercial, en ocho parroquias rurales del cantón Gualaceo provincia del Azuay, Ecuador de donde se obtuvo 384 muestras mediante hisopado rectal de cobayos provenientes de unidades productoras con problemas entéricos (diarrea), las mismas que fueron trasladadas al laboratorio de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la Universidad de Cuenca, con el fin de identificar los agentes bacterianos presentes en muestras fecales de cobayos, ahí se realizó la infección de medios de cultivo e identificación de agentes patógenos, mismos que posteriormente fueron expuestos a un antibiograma, con la finalidad de evaluar cualitativamente su resistencia bacteriana. Los datos fueron tabulados y analizados en SPSS, encontrándose la presencia de Escherichia coli (49,4%), Salmonella typhimurium (24,6%), Shigella flexneri (14,3%) y Klebsiella pneumoniae (11","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":" 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Alternative Rations for Feeding Guinea Pigs in the Growth-fattening Stages","authors":"L Gaibor, J Usca, H Herrera, I Salgado","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14473","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the research was to evaluate the use of alternative rations for feeding guinea pigs in the growth-fattening stages. The experimental units were made up of a total of 80 guinea pigs, 40 males and 40 females. A completely random design was applied in a combinatorial arrangement of factors, where factor A: alternative rations had 4 levels and factor B: sex had 2 levels (males and females), and carrying out the evaluation of different variables such as initial weight, final weight, weight gain, total feed intake, feed conversion, carcass weight, carcass yield, all this in addition to the mortality variable, these measurements had an evaluation period of 75 days, the same as the investigation lasted. For the statistical analysis, the experimental results were subjected to an analysis of Variance (ADEVA) and separation of means according to Tukey’s methodology at a significance level (P ≤ 0.05), resulting in significant differences in the feed conversion variable. While for the rest of the variables we found highly significant differences. It was concluded that the best treatment is that of the male guinea pigs that were fed with T2 since they contribute to improving the feed conversion rates without affecting the productive behavior of the livestock. As per the results obtained from this investigation, it is recommended to disseminate to small and medium producers of guinea pigs.&#x0D; Keywords: alternative rations, corn, broccoli leaf, guinea pig, fattening growth stage&#x0D; Resumen&#x0D; El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la utilización de raciones alternativas para la alimentación de cuyes en las etapas crecimiento-engorde. Las unidades experimentales estuvieron conformadas por un total de 80 cuyes de los cuales 40 fueron machos y 40 hembras. Se aplicó un diseño completamente al azar, en arreglo combinatorio de factores, donde el factor A: raciones alternativas teniendo 4 niveles y el factor B: sexo con 2 niveles (machos y hembras), y llevándose a cabo la evaluación de diferentes variables como son: peso inicial, peso final ganancia de peso, consumo total de alimento, conversión alimenticia, peso a la canal, rendimiento a la canal todo esto en y la variable mortalidad, estas mediciones tuvieron un periodo de evaluación de 75 días mismos que duro la investigación. Para el análisis estadístico los resultados experimentales fueron sometidos a un análisis de Varianza (ADEVA) y separación de medias de acuerdo a la metodología de Tukey a un nivel de significancia (P≤0,05) dando como resultado diferencias significativas en la variable conversión alimenticia mientras que para el resto de variables encontramos diferencias altamente significativas. Se concluye que el mejor tratamiento es el de los cuyes machos que fueron alimentados con T2 ya que contribuyen a mejorar los índices de conversión alimenticia sin afectar el comportamiento productivo de los semovientes. Se recomienda difundir a pequeños y medianos productores de cuyes, ","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":" 42","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Results on the Zoometric Characterization and Dimorphism of Creole Horses in Two Cantons of Manabí","authors":"Carlos Octavio Larrea-Izurieta, Ernesto Antonio Hurtado","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14493","url":null,"abstract":"Little effort has been made so far on morphometry and conservation studies in horses of the creole biotype in Ecuador due to preferences toward other breeds or crossbreeds. This research aims to analyze zoometric measures and indexes and the manifestations of sexual dimorphism in Ecuadorian Creole horses. One hundred and one animals were evaluated in 24 de Mayo (29 mares and 81 horses) and 118 in Pichincha (47 mares and 71 horses) in Manabí, all aged over 5 years. Zoometric variables were measured, such as head length and head width; height at the withers and croup; diameters: longitudinal, dorsum-sternal, and bicoastal; width and length of the crou; thoracic and cane perimeters. The measurements presented variations between 3.55% and 10.15% and a highly significant difference (p < 0.01) except for the length of the rump (p = 0.025) and longitudinal diameter (p = 0.102). Zoometric indexes such as cephalic, body, thoracic, the relative depth of the thorax, metacarpop-thoracic, and pelvic were evaluated, and proportionality variations between 2.41% and 8.92% were observed. They presented highly significant differences (p < 0.01) except for the indexes depth relative to chest (p = 0.202) and proportionality (p = 0.014). No sexual dimorphism was observed in general except for the head and body indexes on 24 de Mayo. The zoometric categorization of the animals cannot be concluded due to the marked variation of the data for each sex within and between the cantons due to the existence of high morphometric heterogeneity between them, for which it is necessary to develop selection and cross-breeding criteria.&#x0D; Keywords: local breeds, equine, morphometrics, linear measurements.&#x0D; Resumen&#x0D; Se ha realizado poco esfuerzo hasta el momento sobre estudios de morfometría y conservación en caballos de biotipo criollo en Ecuador por preferencias hacia otras razas o mestizajes. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar medidas e índices zoométricos y manifestación de dimorfismo sexual en caballos criollos ecuatorianos. Fueron evaluados 110 animales en 24 de Mayo (29 yeguas y 81 caballos) y 118 en Pichincha (47 yeguas y 71 caballos) en Manabí, todos con edades mayor a 5 años. Se midieron variables zoométricas: longitud de cabeza y ancho de cabeza, alzadas a la cruz y grupa, diámetros longitudinal, dorso esternal y bicostal, ancho y largo de grupa, perímetros torácico y de caña; la medidas presentaron variaciones entre 3.55% y 10.15% y diferencia altamente significativa (p<0.01). a excepción del largo de grupa (p=0.025) y diámetro longitudinal (p=0.102). Se evaluaron índices zoométricos: cefálico, corporal, torácico, profundidad relativa del tórax, metacarpo-torácico, pelviano y de proporcionalidad, se observó variaciones entre 2.41% y 8.92% presentaron diferencia altamente significativa (p<0.01) a excepción de los índices de profundidad relativa del tórax (p=0.202) y de proporcionalidad (p=0.014). No se observó dimorfismo sexual en general a excepc","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":" 14","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of Telemedicine as Complement to Improve Information and Access to Contraception. A Challenge or an Opportunity in Times of Pandemic?","authors":"IE Naranjo, AD Ochoa","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14489","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of Covid-19 and all the restrictions that the pandemic has brought with it can affect contraception processes in women, which is why telemedicine is a very useful tool. For this reason, it has been proposed to develop this bibliographic review article on contraception and telemedicine to provide gynecological guidance, specifically contraception through telemedicine during the pandemic. A narrative-type bibliographic review was carried out, whose information was obtained from databases that met the proposed inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 34 bibliographies that met the established parameters were selected. Telemedicine refers to the use of information and communication technology to provide and support medical care. The articles and scientific research consulted, confirm positive experiences with the use of telemedicine to receive contraceptive advice during the Covid-19 pandemic. Additionally, patients appreciated the convenience of telemedicine and valued the virtual counseling experience. The Covid-19 pandemic has lead to a widespread implementation of telemedicine; however, there is minimal evidence regarding it and its relationship with gynecology. Therefore, the implementation of clinical guidelines is suggested to improve practices of telemedicine in the patient population that requires the use of contraception.&#x0D; Keywords: contraception, Covid-19, telemedicine.&#x0D; Resumen&#x0D; Introducción: La aparición de la enfermedad por coronavirus de 2019 (Covid-19) y todas las restricciones que ha traído consigo la pandemia puede afectar los procesos de anticoncepción en las mujeres, por lo que la telemedicina resulta una herramienta muy útil; por tal razón, se ha propuesto desarrollar el presente artículo de revisión bibliográfica sobre anticoncepción y telemedicina para brindar orientación ginecológica, específicamente de anticoncepción a través de la telemedicina en tiempos de pandemia. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de tipo narrativa, cuya información ha sido obtenida de bases de datos que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión propuestos. Se seleccionaron un total de 34 bibliografías que cumplían con los parámetros establecidos. Desarrollo y Discusión: La telemedicina se refiere al uso de la tecnología de la información y las comunicaciones para brindar y apoyar la atención médica. Los artículos e investigaciones científicas consultadas confirman experiencias positivas, con el empleo de visitas de telemedicina para recibir asesoramiento sobre anticonceptivos durante la pandemia de Covid-19. Además, los pacientes apreciaron la conveniencia de las visitas de telemedicina y valoraron la experiencia de asesoramiento virtual. Conclusión: La pandemia de Covid-19 está conduciendo a una implementación generalizada de la telemedicina, sin embargo, existe evidencia mínima en torno a esta y su relación con la ginecología, por lo tanto, se sugiere la implementación de guías clínicas para m","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":" 35","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obtaining a Carbonated Drink Based on Malted Quinoa","authors":"Jaqueline Elizabeth Balseca Castro, Shirley Michelle Alvarez Quispe, Mabel Mariela Parada Rivera, Lourdes Cumandá Carrera Beltrán","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v3i1.14439","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract &#x0D; Carbonated drinks containing high amounts of fructose and sugar are widely consumed around the world. The food industry produces large quantities of sugary, alcoholic, and carbonated beverages that lack essential vitamins, proteins, and nutrients yet are still popular among consumers. However, the regular consumption of these drinks can have a negative impact on a person’s health and well-being. To address this issue, a research study was conducted to develop a carbonated drink made from quinoa malt that is both nutritious and safe for human consumption. Various industrial processes were used to create the carbonated drink and laboratory tests were conducted to ensure the quality of the raw materials. The product was validated using NTE INEN 2 302:2009 standards and the final result was a malt beverage with 12.6% total extract, 3.98 CO2 by volume, 0.9% protein, 0% alcoholic strength, and free from total coliforms, mesophilic aerobics, molds, and yeasts. The carbonated beverage with 30% quinoa malt concentration received a high approval rating in the discrimination analysis. A batch of 500 liters was established for production and the sale price was set at $1.63 per unit to make it accessible to the general public.&#x0D; Keywords: quinoa malt, unit operations, carbonated beverage, product validation, cost analysis.&#x0D; Resumen&#x0D; El consumo de bebidas carbonatadas que contienen azúcar es extremadamente común en todo el mundo y contienen grandes cantidades de fructosa. Se conoce que empresas multinacionales y transnacionales afines a la industria alimentaria producen a diario grandes cantidades de bebidas azucaradas, alcohólicas y carbonatadas con un déficit neto de vitaminas, proteínas y nutrientes, pero con una excelente aceptación en el mercado. La ingesta diaria de este tipo de bebidas afecta directamente a la salud y bienestar del consumidor. El principal objetivo de la investigación es obtener una bebida carbonatada a base del malteado de quinua apta para el consumo humano y de buen valor nutricional. Para ello se realizaron procedimientos aplicados de manera industrial en la obtención de la bebida carbonatada, partiendo de diferentes pruebas y ensayos a nivel de laboratorio, que determinen la calidad de la materia prima, con la finalidad de obtener un producto de excelente calidad. Para la validación del producto y del proceso se basó en la NTE INEN 2 302:2009. Bebida de malta del cual se obtuvo resultados de 12,6% de extracto total, 3,98 en volumen de CO2, 0.9% de proteína, 0% de grado alcohólico y ausencia de coliformes totales, aerobios mesófilos, mohos y levaduras. La bebida carbonatada a una concentración del 30% de malta de quinua presentó una mayor aprobación dentro del análisis de discriminación, el lote se estableció para la producción de 500 litros y un precio de venta por unidad de 1,63 dólares para accesibilidad al público en general.&#x0D; Palabras Clave: malta de quinua, operaciones unitarias, bebida carbon","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":" 19","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135292361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}