ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.最新文献

{"title":"Pyrolysis of Barley Husk Waste with Residual Polystyrene for Liquid Fuel Generation","authors":"Paulo Castillo, Carla Haro, P. Palmay","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v4i1.15827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v4i1.15827","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to obtain fuel through pyrolysis using barley husk and recycled compact polystyrene as raw materials, which were obtained from urban solid waste from the city of Riobamba, Ecuador. The barley hulls were sampled from different warehouses and mills in the city where grain peeling processes are carried out, while the plastic sampled was completely random. The pyrolysis process was carried out at a temperature of 400∘C in a batch reactor to analyze the effect of temperature on the yield of the liquid product. The product was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), density, viscosity, flash point, fragmentary distillation, gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and calorific value. The pyrolysis result had a high calorific value of 44546.81 kJ/kg. The highest liquid yield was 67.133%, with this, it was determined that the optimum pyrolysis temperature is at 400∘C with a higher amount of light hydrocarbons of about 49% comprised between C4 and C12. \u0000Keywords: pyrolisis, biomass, polystyrene, hydrocarbon, biofuel. \u0000Resumen \u0000El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo obtener combustible a través de pirólisis utilizando como materia prima cáscara de cebada y poliestireno compacto reciclado, los mismos fueron obtenidos a partir residuos sólidos urbanos de la ciudad de Riobamba - Ecuador; la cáscara de la cebada fue muestreada de las distintas bodegas y molinos de la ciudad donde realizan procesos de pelado de granos; mientras que el plástico fue muestreado de forma completamente al azar. El proceso de pirolisis se llevó a cabo a una temperatura de 400∘C en un reactor por carga para analizar el efecto de la temperatura sobre el rendimiento del producto líquido. El cual fue caracterizado mediante técnicas de espectroscopía infrarroja por transformada de fourier FTIR, densidad, viscosidad, punto de inflamación, destilación fragmentada, cromatografía de gases acoplado a espectrometría de masas y poder calorífico. El resultado de la pirólisis tuvo alto poder calorífico de 44546,81 kJ/kg. El rendimiento líquido más alto fue de 67,133 %, con esto, se determinó que la temperatura óptima de la pirólisis es a 400∘C con un una mayor cantidad de hidrocarburos ligeros de alrededor de 49% comprendidos entre C4 – C12. \u0000Palabras Clave: pirólisis, biomasa, poliestireno, hidrocarburo, biocombustibles.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140686021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecotoxicological Evaluation of Two Types of Commercial Detergents on Radish (Raphanus Sativus) Seeds","authors":"Jessica Arcos, Carla Haro, Justo Narvaez, Luz Estrella","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v4i1.15798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v4i1.15798","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the ecotoxicological effect of commonly used liquid and powder detergents on the parameters of germination capacity, root and hypocotyl growth, germination index, and median lethal dose (LD50) in seeds of Raphanus sativus (radish). Seeds were acclimatized under standardized conditions. Bioassays were prepared from a 50% standard solution, obtaining concentrations of 10;20;30;40;40;50 ppm of both detergents, each bioassay followed the completely randomized block experimental design: four replicates, one positive control, six seeds for 72 hours, ANOVA was implemented using Excel 2019. The germination percentage for the powder detergent (A) was 27.67%, while the liquid (B) did not present problems in the development. The root and hypocotyl inhalation for detergent A was 6.75 and 17.65% and B 38.24% and 50.45%, respectively; the germination index for detergent A and B was 5.80 and 38.24%, respectively. The median lethal dose was only 20.27 mg/L for detergent A. It was possible to establish that the increase in the concentrations of the detergents, decreases the determined parameters, consequent of the detergents with surfactants and sulfactants. \u0000Keywords: bioassay, germination, ecotoxigenology, Raphanus sativus, detergents, root elongation. \u0000Resumen \u0000El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto ecotoxicológico de los detergentes de uso común líquido y en polvo sobre los parámetros de la capacidad de germinación, crecimiento radicular e hipocótilo, índice de germinación y la dosis letal media (DL50) en semillas de raphanus sativus (rábano). Las semillas fueron aclimatadas en condiciones estandarizadas. Se prepararon bioensayos a partir de una solución patrón del 50%, obteniendo concentraciones de 10;20;30;40;50 ppm de ambos detergentes, cada bioensayo siguió el diseño experimental de bloques completamente al azar: cuatro repeticiones, un control positivo, seis semillas durante 72 horas, se implementó el análisis de varianza ANOVA mediante Excel 2019. El porcentaje de germinación para el detergente en polvo (A) fue de 27, 67%, el líquido (B) no presentó problemas en el desarrollo; la inhibición radicular e hipocótilo para el detergente A fue 6,75 y 17,65% y el B 38,24% y 50,45%, respectivamente; el índice de germinación para el detergente A y B: 5,80 y 38,24%, respectivamente. La Dosis Letal Media solo se presentó en el detergente A fue de 20,27 mg/L. Se logró establecer que el aumento de las concentraciones de los detergentes disminuye los parámetros determinados, consecuente de los detergentes con tensoactivos y surfactantes. \u0000Palabras Clave: Bioensayo, germinación, ecotoxigología, Raphanus sativus, detergentes, elongación de las raíces.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140690462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The pandemic as a factor for the exclusion of students in a situation of vulnerability at the UPC","authors":"Cristian Arango, Pedro López, Romelio Gonzáles","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v4i1.15796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v4i1.15796","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic had great effects in almost all areas worldwide. Education was no exception, here the enormous gaps and inequalities have existed for years in all countries, especially Latin America and the Caribbean were exposed. This paper seeks to characterize the main consequences that brought students in vulnerable situations in the mathematics degree program of the Popular University of Cesar of Colombia during the period 2020-2021. This research is cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational, with a mixed approach including the application of quantitative techniques such as surveys and qualitative support through a semi-structured interview, the questions of the applied questionnaire are grouped by affinity or by categories to facilitate the analysis and understanding of the results. Exclusion factors were those that directly affected the performance and student permanence in the university, among the most noteworthy were the threat to health and life, the deterioration of the family economy, the instability produced by the change of academic modality, and the great technological barriers represented in lack of light, of internet, electronic devices, and other shortcomings. \u0000Keywords: health emergency, remote education, vulnerable population, consequences, characterization, higher education. \u0000Resumen \u0000La pandemia COVID-19 tuvo grandes afectaciones en casi todos los ámbitos a nivel mundial. La educación no fue la excepción, aquí quedaron al descubierto las enormes brechas y desigualdades que por años han existido en todos los países y en especial en América Latina y el caribe. En este trabajo se busca caracterizar las principales consecuencias que trajo a los estudiantes en situación de vulnerabilidad del programa de licenciatura de matemáticas de la Universidad Popular del Cesar de Colombia durante el periodo 2020-2021. La investigación es de corte transversal, descriptivo y correlacional, con enfoque mixto, incluye la aplicación de técnicas cuantitativas como encuestas y soporte cualitativo a través de una entrevista semiestructurada, se agrupan por afinidad o por categorías las preguntas del cuestionario aplicado para facilitar el análisis y comprensión de los resultados. Se detectaron factores de exclusión que incidieron directamente en los desempeños y la permanencia estudiantil en la universidad, entre la más resaltables están: la amenaza a la salud y a la vida, el deterioro de la economía familiar, la desestabilidad que produjo el cambio de modalidad académica y las grandes barreas tecnológicas representadas en falta de luz, de internet, de dispositivos electrónicos y demás carencias. \u0000Palabras Clave: Emergencia sanitaria, educación remota, población vulnerable, consecuencias, caracterización, educación superior. ","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140685864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance of the Chatbot in the Different Social Areas","authors":"Cristian Benalcazar, Mario Mendez, Alvin Melendez, Wilson Chango","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v4i1.15819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v4i1.15819","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to determine the relevance that the use of chatbots has gained. We conducted a scientific literature review and mapped the research trends that address the paradigms of using chatbots, in achieving benefits in education, communication, or economics, as well as the benefit that this technology provides in the field of health. It is required to find the most suggested architecture used for a distributed chatbot system in e-commerce to automate human-machine communication through natural language queries. Personalized conversational agents are promising tools to complement existing online resources for mathematics education. The results revealed that these applications positively affect the current medical sector and we determined that chatbots are designed to interact with people in mostly text-based conversations. In conclusion, chatbots are very useful, easy to adapt, and used more continuously in research and also in health applications that require symptom tracking and treatment. \u0000Keywords: chatbot, research, application. \u0000Resumen \u0000El interés de investigación es determinar de la relevancia que ha ganado el uso de los chatbots. Llevamos a cabo una revisión de la literatura científica y mapeamos las tendencias de investigación que abordan los paradigmas del uso de los chatbots. para conseguir un beneficio ya sea en la educación, comunicación o economía, así como el beneficio que brinda esta tecnología en el ámbito de la salud. Se requiere encontrar el área más sugerida y utilizada de un sistema de chatbot para automatizar la comunicación hombre-máquina mediante consultas en lenguaje natural. Los agentes conversacionales personalizados son herramientas prometedoras para complementar los recursos en línea existentes para la educación matemática. Los resultados dieron a conocer que estas aplicaciones afectan positivamente en el sector de la medicina actual y determinamos que los chatbot son diseñados para interactuar con las personas en conversaciones basadas en su mayoría de manera textual. Concluimos que los chatbots están siendo más requeridos en el área de la medicina debido a que estos llegan a brindar información sobre salud y tratamientos, recordatorios de citas y medicamentos, sin embargo, deben ser supervisados por profesionales de la salud y no reemplazar al médico. \u0000Palabras Clave: chatbot, investigación, aplicación, medicina.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140686617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Evaluation Through Quality Indicators","authors":"Ximena Cazorla, Andrea Quisimalin, Miltón Ortega, Pablo Quintuña, Juleysi Cornejo","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v4i1.15801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v4i1.15801","url":null,"abstract":"A bibliographic analysis was made on the different types of indicators, physical, chemical, and biological for the evaluation of soil quality, to contribute with new concepts for the determination of environmental quality, and analyzing the most indicated according to their cost. The physical indicators (texture, soil depth, surface soil and roots, infiltration and bulk density, and water retention capacity), chemical (organic matter (total N and C), pH, electrical conductivity, extractable P, N, and K, among others), and biological (C and N of microbial biomass, respiration, moisture content and temperature, potential mineralizable N). For the choice of an indicator, the following should be taken into consideration the ease, cost, and time, depending on the characteristics of the soil, such as conditions and climate. It can be concluded that the best for determining soil quality are the biological parameters since their cost was $ 22.4, while the most expensive were the ones with an average investment of $ 66.4, budget usually depends on the property to be analyzed. \u0000Keywords: quality, indicator organisms, soil, condition, environmental. \u0000Resumen \u0000Se realizó un analisis bibliográfico sobre los distintos tipos de indicadores: físicos, químicos y biológicos para la evaluación la calidad del suelo, con la finalidad de contribuir con nuevos conceptos para la determinación de la calidad ambiental, y analizar el mas indicado en función a su costo. Los indicadores fisicos (textura, Profundidad del suelo, suelo superficial y raíces, Infiltración y densidad aparentey Capacidad de retención de agua), químicas (Materia orgánica (N y C total), pH, Conductividad electrica, P, N, y K extractables, entre otros) y biológicos (C y N de la biomasa microbiana, Respiración, contenido de humedad y temperatura, N potencialment e mineralizable). Para la elección de un indicador se deben tomar en consideración la facilidad, costo y el tiempo, dependiendo de las características del suelo, como las condiciones y el clima. Se puede concluir que el mejor para determinar la calidad del suelo son los parámetros biológicos ya que su costos fue de 22,4 $, mientras que el más costoso fueron los con una inversión promedio de 66,4 $, presupuesto va a depender de la propiedad en analizar. \u0000Palabras Clave: Calidad, organismos indicadores, suelo, condición, ambiental.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140686121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agroproductive Analysis in the Application of the Circular Economy, Paccha Sector, Macas canton, Morona Santiago, Ecuador, 2022","authors":"Kevin Padrón, Heidy Rivadeneira, Marco Rea, Daniela Rojas, Quelyn López, Juan Haro","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v4i1.15817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v4i1.15817","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to analyze the productive models that can be applied through the proposal of circular economy strategies, in the Morona Santiago canton, Domono sector, Morona Santiago province, in search of optimizing productive quality, improving the internal economy and the individual development of the farm with a view to growth within the local and international market. The specific objectives are: (a) to validate the productive increase and the reduction of the environmental impact after the application of circular economy models in the development and growth of a farm. (b) To link the different circular economy models with the capacity of use of useful life and cost reduction with agricultural mechanization in order to obtain an optimal work plan that improves production performance. Applying the circular economy methodology and the cash flow analysis, determining the net present value, withdrawal rate, and cost-benefit relationship. It can be concluded that by applying the proposed methodologies, a net present value is obtained of 403211.01 USD, the rate of return and the internal rate were 60.62% and the benefit-cost ratio is 1.40, which implies that for each dollar invested a profit of 0.40 cents is obtained, in this production system denoting an optimal profitability, the performance of the circular economy lies in the functionality of the strategies and the adaptability of the company to new advances, requiring training in modernization, mechanization, and to change the customs rooted in small family productions in the town. \u0000Keywords: circular economy, optimization, developing, waste, environmental impact. \u0000Resumen \u0000El objetivo principal de la investigación es: analizar los modelos productivos que pueden ser aplicados mediante la propuesta de estrategias de economía circular, en el cantón Morona, sector Domono, provincia de Morona Santiago, en busca de optimizar la capacidad productiva, mejorar la economía interna y el desarrollo individual de la finca con miras a un crecimiento dentro del mercado local e internacional; Los objetivos específicos son: (a) validar el incremento productivo y la reducción de impacto ambiental tras la aplicación de modelos de economía circular en el desarrollo y crecimiento de una finca, (b) enlazar los diferentes modelos de economía circular con la capacidad de aprovechamiento de vida útil y reducción de costos con la mecanización agropecuaria en vías de obtener un plan de trabajo optimo que mejore el rendimiento en producción. Aplicando la metodología de economía circular y el análisis del flujo de caja determinando el valor actual neto, tasa de retorno y la relación beneficio-costo, como conclusión se tiene que, aplicando las metodologías planteadas se obtiene un valor actual neto es de 403211.01 usd, la tasa interna de retorno es de 60,62% y la relación beneficio costo de 1,40, lo que implica que por cada dólar invertido se obtiene una ganancia de 0,40 centavos, en este sistema de producción denotan","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140686591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blockchain Algorithm Literature Review","authors":"Chango W, Ruiz L, Chito F, Jaramillo J, Iguago M","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v4i1.15795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v4i1.15795","url":null,"abstract":"Within the last decade, blockchain has become a security technology used to protect the integrity of the information contained in a database, especially in collaborative and open systems. One of its main advantages is that it allows consensus to be reached on the new blocks of data that are added to the chain. There are several other techniques in the literature that claim to be popular new mechanisms. Despite this, the number of these technologies has grown too quickly to separate all the possibilities. This work reviews the types of algorithms that can be implemented to have a network supervised by the participants that integrate it. \u0000Keywords: blockchain, integrity, consensus, algorithm. \u0000Resumen \u0000En la última década, blockchain se ha convertido en una tecnología de seguridad utilizada para proteger la integridad de la información contenida en una base de datos, especialmente en sistemas colaborativos y abiertos. Una de sus principales ventajas es que permite alcanzar un consenso sobre los nuevos bloques de datos que se añaden a la cadena. Existen muchas otras técnicas en la literatura que pretenden ser nuevos mecanismos populares. a pesar de ello, el número de estas tecnologías ha crecido demasiado rápido como para separar realmente todas las posibilidades. Este trabajo propone revisar los tipos de algoritmos que se pueden implementar para que una red sea supervisada por los participantes que la integran. \u0000Palabras Clave: Blockchain, Integridad, Consenso, algoritmo.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140686632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposal for the Transaction Model Based on Blockchain Technology for Financial Operations","authors":"Paul del Aguila Caute, Jhon Villacriz Moran","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v4i1.15825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v4i1.15825","url":null,"abstract":"There is a need to take measures against financial fraud in banking institutions since it annually generates million-dollar losses in the banking sector and even limits the economy of a country. Although there are methods to avoid these problems, the most manageable is a centralized system where large volumes are processed, which means that they have serious performance and security limitations, making it easy for cybercriminals to attack a single target. Therefore, the objective is to identify the models of Blockchain technology as a measure to reduce bank fraud and propose a new transaction model for financial operations. The methodology used was the literature review where a total of 200 potential studies were obtained, of which 30 were selected for writing this article. The result of this research is the proposal of a model for financial transactions using Blockchain technology. \u0000Keywords: blockchain, transactions, security, privacy, finance. \u0000Resumen \u0000Existe la necesidad de tomar medidas contra el fraude financiero en las instituciones bancarias ya que genera pérdidas de miles de millones de dólares anuales en el sector bancario e incluso limita la economía de un país, aunque es cierto que existen métodos para evitar estos problemas, la mayoría gestiona un sistema centralizado en el que se procesan grandes volúmenes, lo que hace que tengan serias limitaciones de rendimiento y seguridad, lo que facilita que los delincuentes informáticos ataquen a un único objetivo. Por ello, el objetivo es identificar los modelos de la tecnología Blockchain como medida para reducir el fraude bancario y proponer un nuevo modelo de transacción para las operaciones financieras. La metodología usada fue la revisión de la literatura. En la revisión de los artículos se obtuvo un total de 200 estudios potenciales, de los cuales se seleccionaron 30 para la redacción de este artículo. El resultado de esta investigación es la propuesta de un modelo para transacciones financieras utilizando la tecnología Blockchain. \u0000Palabras Clave: blockchain, transacciones, seguridad, privacidad, finanzas.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140688188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimization of Ore Dilution in the “Pique” Mine Through pre-splitting Blasting Technique","authors":"Mateo Montalvo, Christian Ordóñez, Ernesto Reyes","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v4i1.15828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v4i1.15828","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, the unitary operations in the “Gemelos” sublevel were examined in the “El Pique” small-scale underground mine, Portovelo, El Oro province, concluding that it is necessary to optimize mining selectivity to minimize ore dilution. Therefore, a drill and blasting pattern is presented to minimize the operational ore dilution considering the properties of the rock mass and a known drill and blasting methodology. By applying Bieniawski’s Rock Mass Rating 89, the geomechanical characteristics were established for the application of Roger Holmberg’s method in the drilling and blasting pattern. However, the investigation was carried out in excavations of small sections where this method had to be adjusted by decreasing the explosive charge on the lifter. Thus, the proposed drill and blasting pattern contributed successfully to the company’s goals, minimizing the mining width and the ore dilution and maximizing the mining grade. \u0000Keywords: underground mining, ore dilution, drill, blasting, mining grade. \u0000Resumen \u0000En esta investigación se examinaron las operaciones unitarias en el subnivel “Gemelos”, en la mina subterránea de pequeña minería “El Pique”, Portovelo, provincia de El Oro, concluyendo que es necesario optimizar la selectividad del minado para minimizar la dilución. Por lo que se presenta una malla de perforación y voladura que minimiza la dilución mineral no planificada considerando las propiedades del macizo rocoso y una metodología de perforación y voladura conocida. Aplicando el Rock Mass Rating 89 de Bieniawski, se establecieron las características geomecánicas para la aplicación de método de Roger Holmberg en la propuesta de la malla de perforación y voladura. Sin embargo, la investigación se llevó acabo en excavaciones de secciones pequeñas donde este método tuvo que ser ajustado disminuyendo la carga explosiva en las zapateras. Así, la malla de perforación y voladura contribuyó exitosamente a los objetivos de la empresa, minimizando el ancho de minado y la dilución mineral, y maximizando la ley de minado. \u0000Palabras Clave: Minería subterránea, dilución mineral, perforación, voladura, ley de minado.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140686050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility Enterprise Time and Attendance System Using Artificial Vision Based on Neural Networks with Python and Raspberry Pi","authors":"Alex Núñez, Johnny Jácome, Kerly Vaca, Braulio Balseca, Ramiro Jara","doi":"10.18502/espoch.v4i1.15803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v4i1.15803","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this article is to model a facial recognition system, using a Raspberry PI and Machine Learning (ML), for an attendance control system. Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence that allows the training of algorithms inspired by biological systems, using a considerable amount of information. In this work, the architecture of artificial neural networks with error backpropagation has been used, which have a certain similarity with human neurons and can extract knowledge from the input data. The algorithms have been implemented in Python and the results show a high precision for the classification and recognition of people. \u0000Keywords: facial recognition, Python, Raspberry PI, artificial neural networks, machine learning. \u0000Resumen \u0000El objetivo del presente artículo es el modelado de un sistema de reconocimiento facial, mediante la utilización de una Raspberry PI y Machine Learning (ML), para un sistema de control de asistencia. El aprendizaje de máquina o ML es una rama de la inteligencia artificial que permite el entrenamiento de algoritmos inspirados en sistemas biológicos, usando una cantidad considerable de información. En este trabajo, se ha usado la arquitectura de redes neuronales artificiales con retropropagación del error, las cuales guardan cierta similitud con las neuronas humanas y tienen la capacidad de extraer conocimiento a partir de los datos de entrada. Los algoritmos han sido implementados en Python y los resultados muestran una alta precisión para la clasificación y reconomiento de personas. \u0000Palabras Clave: Reconocimiento facial, Python, Raspberry PI, Redes Neuronales Artificiales, Machine Learning.","PeriodicalId":11737,"journal":{"name":"ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140689472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}