Environmental Health最新文献

{"title":"Pre-natal and early life lead exposure and childhood inhibitory control: an item response theory approach to improve measurement precision of inhibitory control.","authors":"Shelley H Liu, Yitong Chen, David Bellinger, Erik de Water, Megan Horton, Martha M Téllez-Rojo, Robert Wright","doi":"10.1186/s12940-023-01015-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-023-01015-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neurodevelopmental performance tasks are often separately analyzed, even when they tap into a similar construct. This may yield mixed findings for associations of an exposure-neurobehavioral outcome. We develop an item response theory (IRT) approach to integrate multiple task variables together to improve measurement precision of the underlying construct. We apply this approach to create an integrative measure of childhood inhibitory control, and study impacts of pre/post-natal lead exposure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from a prospective cohort based in Mexico (N = 533), we created an inhibitory control scale that integrates accuracy and reaction time information from four inhibitory control tasks (Go/NoGo Letter, Go/NoGo Neutral, Go/NoGo Happy, Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) Color-Word Interference Test, Condition 3). Using a generalized partial credit item response theory model, we estimated an inhibitory control index for each participant. We then assessed adjusted associations between umbilical cord blood and 4-year lead and childhood inhibitory control. We developed a resampling approach to incorporate error estimates from the inhibitory control variable to confirm the consistency of the lead-inhibitory control associations. We modeled time-varying associations of lead with each inhibitory control measure separately.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants had a median age of 9 years; 51.4% were males. Umbilical cord blood [-0.06 (95% CI: -0.11, -0.01)] and 4-year lead [-0.07 (95% CI: -0.12, -0.02)] were associated with inhibitory control index at 8-10 years. A resampling approach confirmed that 4-year lead was consistently associated with childhood inhibitory control index. Umbilical cord blood and 4-year lead were each associated with 3 out of 8 measures in separate models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first application of IRT in environmental epidemiology to create a latent variable for inhibitory control that integrates accuracy and reaction time information from multiple, related tasks. This framework can be applied to other correlated neurobehavioral assessments or other phenotype data.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"23 1","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11375946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greater exposure to PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ was associated with lower corneal nerve measures: the Maastricht study - a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Sara B A Mokhtar, Jessica Viljoen, Carla J H van der Kallen, Tos T J M Berendschot, Pieter C Dagnelie, Jeroen D Albers, Jens Soeterboek, Fabio Scarpa, Alessia Colonna, Frank C T van der Heide, Marleen M J van Greevenbroek, Hans Bosm, Abraham A Kroon, Rudy M M A Nuijts, Marlies Gijs, Jeroen Lakerveld, Rayaz A Malik, Carroll A B Webers, Coen D A Stehouwer, Annemarie Koster","doi":"10.1186/s12940-024-01110-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-024-01110-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epidemiological and toxicological studies indicate that increased exposure to air pollutants can lead to neurodegenerative diseases. To further confirm this relationship, we evaluated the association between exposure to ambient air pollutants and corneal nerve measures as a surrogate for neurodegeneration, using corneal confocal microscopy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used population-based observational cross-sectional data from The Maastricht Study including N = 3635 participants (mean age 59.3 years, 51.6% were women, and 19.9% had type 2 diabetes) living in the Maastricht area. Using the Geoscience and hEalth Cohort COnsortium (GECCO) data we linked the yearly average exposure levels of ambient air pollutants at home address-level [particulate matter with diameters of ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5), and ≤ 10.0 µm (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and elemental carbon (EC)]. We used linear regression analysis to study the associations between Z-score for ambient air pollutants concentrations (PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, and EC) and Z-score for individual corneal nerve measures (corneal nerve bifurcation density, corneal nerve density, corneal nerve length, and fractal dimension).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjustment for potential confounders (age, sex, level of education, glucose metabolism status, corneal confocal microscopy lag time, inclusion year of participants, smoking status, and alcohol consumption), higher Z-scores for PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were associated with lower Z-scores for corneal nerve bifurcation density, nerve density, nerve length, and nerve fractal dimension [stβ (95% CI): PM_2.5 -0.10 (-0.14; -0.05), -0.04 (-0.09; 0.01), -0.11 (-0.16; -0.06), -0.20 (-0.24; -0.15); and PM₁₀ -0.08 (-0.13; -0.03), -0.04 (-0.09; 0.01), -0.08 (-0.13; -0.04), -0.17 (-0.21; -0.12)], respectively. No associations were found between NO₂ and EC and corneal nerve measures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our population-based study demonstrated that exposure to higher levels of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ are associated with higher levels of corneal neurodegeneration, estimated from lower corneal nerve measures. Our results suggest that air pollution may be a determinant for neurodegeneration assessed in the cornea and may impact the ocular surface health as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"23 1","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11375839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Gestational exposure to organochlorine compounds and metals and infant birth weight: effect modification by maternal hardships.","authors":"Janice M Y Hu, Tye E Arbuckle, Patricia A Janssen, Bruce P Lanphear, Joshua D Alampi, Joseph M Braun, Amanda J MacFarlane, Aimin Chen, Lawrence C McCandless","doi":"10.1186/s12940-024-01109-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-024-01109-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"23 1","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11363617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites and their association with oxidative stress among pregnant women in Los Angeles.","authors":"Qi Meng, Sanjali Mitra, Irish Del Rosario, Michael Jerrett, Carla Janzen, Sherin U Devaskar, Beate Ritz","doi":"10.1186/s12940-024-01107-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-024-01107-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been linked to adverse birth outcomes that have been reported to be induced by oxidative stress, but few epidemiological studies to date have evaluated associations between urinary PAH metabolites and oxidative stress biomarkers in pregnancy and identified critical periods for these outcomes and PAH exposures in pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort of pregnant women was recruited early in pregnancy from antenatal clinics at the University of California Los Angeles during 2016-2019. We collected urine samples up to three times during pregnancy in a total of 159 women enrolled in the cohort. A total of 7 PAH metabolites and 2 oxidative stress biomarkers [malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)] were measured in all available urine samples. Using multiple linear regression models, we estimated the percentage change (%) and 95% confidence interval (CI) in 8-OHdG and MDA measured at each sample collection time per doubling of PAH metabolite concentrations. Furthermore, we used linear mixed models with a random intercept for participant to estimate the associations between PAH metabolite and oxidative stress biomarker concentrations across multiple time points in pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most PAH metabolites were positively associated with both urinary oxidative stress biomarkers, MDA and 8-OHdG, with stronger associations in early and late pregnancy. A doubling of each urinary PAH metabolite concentration increased MDA concentrations by 5.8-41.1% and 8-OHdG concentrations by 13.8-49.7%. Linear mixed model results were consistent with those from linear regression models for each gestational sampling period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Urinary PAH metabolites are associated with increases in oxidative stress biomarkers during pregnancy, especially in early and late pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"23 1","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11321171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141975354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term ambient air pollution exposure and renal function and biomarkers of renal disease.","authors":"Karl Kilbo Edlund, Yiyi Xu, Eva M Andersson, Anders Christensson, Mats Dehlin, Helena Forsblad-d'Elia, Florencia Harari, Stefan Ljunggren, Peter Molnár, Anna Oudin, Magnus Svartengren, Petter Ljungman, Leo Stockfelt","doi":"10.1186/s12940-024-01108-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-024-01108-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite accumulating evidence of an association between air pollution and renal disease, studies on the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and renal function are still contradictory. This study aimed to investigate this association in a large population with relatively low exposure and with improved estimation of renal function as well as renal injury biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a cross-sectional analysis in the middle-aged general population participating in the Swedish CardioPulmonary bioImaging Study (SCAPIS; n = 30 154). Individual 10-year exposure to total and locally emitted fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), inhalable particulate matter (PM₁₀), and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) were modelled using high-resolution dispersion models. Linear regression models were used to estimate associations between exposures and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, combined creatinine and cystatin C) and serum levels of renal injury biomarkers (KIM-1, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-18, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, FGF-23, and uric acid), with consideration of potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median long-term PM_2.5 exposure was 6.2 µg/m³. Almost all participants had a normal renal function and median eGFR was 99.2 mL/min/1.73 m². PM_2.5 exposure was associated with 1.3% (95% CI 0.6, 2.0) higher eGFR per 2.03 µg/m³ (interquartile range, IQR). PM_2.5 exposure was also associated with elevated serum matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) concentration, with 7.2% (95% CI 1.9, 12.8) higher MMP-2 per 2.03 µg/m³. There was a tendency towards an association between PM₁₀ and higher levels of uric acid, but no associations were found with the other biomarkers. Associations with other air pollutants were null or inconsistent.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this large general population sample at low exposure levels, we found a surprising association between PM_2.5 exposure and a higher renal filtration. It seems unlikely that particle function would improve renal function. However, increased filtration is an early sign of renal injury and may be related to the relatively healthy population at comparatively low exposure levels. Furthermore, PM_2.5 exposure was associated with higher serum concentrations of MMP-2, an early indicator of renal and cardiovascular pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"23 1","pages":"67"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11313149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141912245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluoride-related changes in the fetal cord blood proteome; a pilot study.","authors":"Sami T Tuomivaara, Susan J Fisher, Steven C Hall, Dana E Goin, Aras N Mattis, Pamela K Den Besten","doi":"10.1186/s12940-024-01102-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-024-01102-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fluoride exposure during pregnancy has been associated with various effects on offspring, including changes in behavior and IQ. To provide clues to possible mechanisms by which fluoride may affect human fetal development, we completed proteomic analyses of cord blood serum collected from second-trimester pregnant women residing in northern California, USA.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify changes in cord blood proteins associated with maternal serum fluoride concentration in pregnant women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The proteomes of 19 archived second-trimester cord blood samples from women living in northern California, USA, and having varied serum fluoride concentrations, were analyzed by quantitative mass spectrometry. The 327 proteins that were quantified were characterized by their abundance relative to maternal serum fluoride concentration, and subjected to pathway analyses using PANTHER and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis processes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pathway analyses showed significant increases in process related to reactive oxygen species and cellular oxidant detoxification, associated with increasing maternal serum fluoride concentrations. Pathways showing significant decreases included complement cascade, suggesting alterations in alterations in process associated with inflammation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Maternal fluoride exposure, as measured by serum fluoride concentrations in a small, but representative sample of women from northern California, USA, showed significant changes in the second trimester cord blood proteome relative to maternal serum fluoride concentration.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"23 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11267808/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141751403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between organophosphorus pesticides and obesity among American adults.","authors":"Wei Xu, Yinqiao Dong, Shiping Liu, Fan Hu, Yong Cai","doi":"10.1186/s12940-024-01104-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-024-01104-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate any connections between urinary organophosphorus pesticide (OPP) metabolites and adiposity measures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) projects from 2003 to 2008, 2011 to 2012, and 2015 to 2018 were analysed. Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m² or higher. Abdominal obesity was defined as a waist circumference (WC) over 102 cm for men and 88 cm for women. Four urinary OPP metabolites (dimethyl phosphate [DMP], diethyl phosphate [DEP], dimethyl phosphorothioate [DMTP], and diethyl phosphorothioate [DETP]) and adiposity measures were examined using multiple linear regression and logistic regression analyses. The correlations between a variety of urinary OPP metabolites and the prevalence of obesity were investigated using weighted quantile sum regression and quantile g-computation regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this analysis, a total of 9,505 adults were taken into account. There were 49.81% of male participants, and the average age was 46.00 years old. The median BMI and WC of the subjects were 27.70 kg/m² and 97.10 cm, respectively. Moreover, 35.60% of the participants were obese, and 54.42% had abdominal obesity. DMP, DMTP, and DETP were discovered to have a negative correlation with WC and BMI in the adjusted models. DMP (OR = 0.93 [95% CI: 0.89-0.98]), DEP (OR = 0.94 [95% CI: 0.90-0.99]), DMTP (OR = 0.91 [95% CI: 0.86-0.95]), and DETP (OR = 0.85 [95% CI: 0.80-0.90]) exhibited negative associations with obesity prevalence. Similar correlations between the prevalence of abdominal obesity and the urine OPP metabolites were discovered. Moreover, the mixture of urinary OPP metabolites showed negative associations with adiposity measures, with DMTP and DETP showing the most significant effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Together, higher levels of urinary OPP metabolites in the urine were linked to a decline in the prevalence of obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"23 1","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11264883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141733828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between brominated flame retardants (PBDEs and PBB153) exposure and hypertension in U.S. adults: results from NHANES 2005-2016.","authors":"Dian Cheng, Zijun Chen, Jian Zhou, Yue Cao, Xin Xie, Yizhang Wu, Xiaorong Li, Xuecheng Wang, Jinbo Yu, Bing Yang","doi":"10.1186/s12940-024-01103-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-024-01103-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) have attracted widespread concern due to their environmental persistence and potential toxicity. This study aims to examine the association between BFRs exposure and hypertension.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2005 to 2016 for the cross-sectional analysis. To evaluate the individual and combined impacts of BFRs exposure on hypertension, we utilized multivariate models, including generalized additive models, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>9882 individuals (48% male) aged ≥ 20 were included in the final analysis, of whom 4114 had hypertension. After controlling for potential covariates, higher serum concentrations of PBDE100 (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.57) and PBDE153 (OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.88) were significantly associated with hypertension. A nonlinear relationship between PBDE28 and hypertension was observed (P = 0.03). Moreover, BFRs mixture were positively associated with the prevalence of hypertension in both the WQS (β:1.09; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.17; P = 0.02) and BKMR models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study suggested that BFRs exposure is positively associated with hypertension in the general population. To confirm this association and elucidate the mechanisms, further research is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"23 1","pages":"64"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11245865/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141603477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age and sex differences in the effects of short- and long-term exposure to air pollution on endothelial dysfunction.","authors":"Haoyu Zhang, Jing Yang, Yinghua Zhang, Keling Xiao, Yang Wang, Jin Si, Yan Li, Lijie Sun, Jinghao Sun, Ming Yi, Xi Chu, Jing Li","doi":"10.1186/s12940-024-01100-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-024-01100-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The effects of air pollution on endothelial function remain unclear across populations. We aimed to use brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) to identify demographic differences in the effects of air pollution exposure on endothelial dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We measured FMD in 850 participants from October 2016 to January 2020. Location-specific concentrations of fine particulate matter < 2.5 μm aerodynamic diameter (PM_2.5), inhalable particulate matter < 10 μm aerodynamic diameter (PM₁₀), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O₃) measured by fixed ambient air monitoring stations were collected for short- and long-term exposure assessment. Multiple linear regression models and restricted cubic splines were used to assess the associations before and after stratification by age and sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study eventually included 828 participants [551 (66.5%) younger than 65 years and 553 (66.8%) men]. Each 10 µg/m³ increase in 7-day exposure to PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ was significantly linearly associated with a 0.07% (β = -0.07, 95% CI: -0.13 to -0.004) and 0.05% (β = -0.05, 95% CI: -0.10 to -0.004) decrease in FMD in the fully adjusted model. After full adjustment, long-term exposure to all air pollutants was significantly associated with impaired FMD. Each 10 µg/m³ increase in long-term exposure to PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ was significantly associated with a -0.18% (95% CI: -0.34 to -0.03) and - 0.23% (95% CI: -0.40 to -0.06) change in FMD, respectively. After stratification, the associations of lower FMD with long-term exposure to PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, and CO significantly persisted in men and participants younger than 65 years instead of women or older participants. For short-term exposure, we observed differences consistent with long-term exposure and a stronger effect of 7-day exposure to SO₂ in men due to a significant interaction effect.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Short- and long-term exposure to different air pollutants are strongly associated with decreased endothelial function, and susceptibility to air pollution varies significantly with age and sex.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"23 1","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11229304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141558350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to heavy metals in utero and autism spectrum disorder at age 3: a meta-analysis of two longitudinal cohorts of siblings of children with autism.","authors":"John F Dou, Rebecca J Schmidt, Heather E Volk, Manon M Nitta, Jason I Feinberg, Craig J Newschaffer, Lisa A Croen, Irva Hertz-Picciotto, M Daniele Fallin, Kelly M Bakulski","doi":"10.1186/s12940-024-01101-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-024-01101-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a prevalent and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder. Risk is attributed to genetic and prenatal environmental factors, though the environmental agents are incompletely characterized.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI) and Markers of Autism Risk in Babies Learning Early Signs (MARBLES), two pregnancy cohorts of siblings of children with ASD, urinary metals concentrations during two pregnancy time periods (< 28 weeks and ≥ 28 weeks of gestation) were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. At age three, clinicians assessed ASD with DSM-5 criteria. In an exposure-wide association framework, using multivariable log binomial regression, we examined each metal for association with ASD status, adjusting for gestational age at urine sampling, child sex, age at pregnancy, race/ethnicity and education. We meta-analyzed across the two cohorts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In EARLI (n = 170) 17% of children were diagnosed with ASD, and 44% were classified as having non-neurotypical development (Non-TD). In MARBLES (n = 231), 21% were diagnosed with ASD, and 14% classified as Non-TD. During the first and second trimester period (< 28 weeks), having cadmium concentration over the level of detection was associated with 1.69 (1.08, 2.64) times higher risk of ASD, and 1.29 (0.95, 1.75)times higher risk of Non-TD. A doubling of first and second trimester cesium concentration was marginally associated with 1.89 (0.94, 3.80) times higher risk of ASD, and a doubling of third trimester cesium with 1.69 (0.97, 2.95) times higher risk of ASD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exposure in utero to elevated levels of cadmium and cesium, as measured in urine collected during pregnancy, was associated with increased risk of developing ASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"23 1","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11225197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141537785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}