Energy and Buildings最新文献

{"title":"e-values based continuous-time model selection for residential electricity demand forecasts","authors":"Fabian Backhaus ,&nbsp;Karoline Brucke ,&nbsp;Peter Ruckdeschel ,&nbsp;Sunke Schlüters","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the growing number of forecasting techniques and the increasing significance of forecast-based operation, particularly in the rapidly evolving energy sector, selecting the most effective forecasting model has become a critical task. In this context, the superiority of a forecasting model over its alternatives will, in general, hold—if at all—only on average (over time or across scenarios), and model selection typically results in a single static decision. Instead, enabling real-time decision making in the energy and building context, we introduce the concept of <span><math><mi>e</mi></math></span>-values-based decisions, which has recently gained massive attention in the field of statistics. We obtain continuous-time, method-blind, data-dependent decision rules, which take and revise their decisions along with the incoming information of forecast errors. Nevertheless, they still provide statistical guarantees, including a fixed decision risk over the whole period of time. We extend the use of <span><math><mi>e</mi></math></span>-values for times where no procedure is significantly superior to its competitor by developing a simple persistence approach that dynamically combines input forecasts to generate new fused predictions. To demonstrate the performance of our method, we apply it to building electricity demand forecasts based on different artificial intelligence-based models. Our <span><math><mi>e</mi></math></span>-selection procedure enhances our forecast accuracy by 16.3 % compared to the deviation of a single forecast to an all-knowing forecaster. Additionally, it improves the reliability of the forecast in a dynamic environment, offering a valuable tool for real-time decision-making in the energy sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 116452"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing thermal environments in traditional vernacular dwellings of Beijing’s western shallow mountains: balancing energy efficiency and heritage conservation with air source heat pump heating","authors":"Wei Qian,&nbsp;Yangyang Liu,&nbsp;Pengyu Zhang,&nbsp;Ning Li","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates methods to improve heating in traditional stone-slab houses in Beijing’s western shallow mountains, while preserving their cultural heritage and aligning with China’s objectives for sustainable energy and rural revitalization. Using surveys, field measurements, material tests, and computer simulations, we examined air source heat pump (ASHP) systems in combination with building upgrades, such as internal insulation and improved windows. Our findings indicate that traditional materials, such as rammed earth-stone walls and slate roofs, possess natural heat-retaining properties. By adding internal insulation (e.g., 50 mm polyurethane or extruded polystyrene) and triple-glazed windows, we improved winter indoor temperatures by a maximum of 4.92 °C and reduced energy use by 27.97–36.32 %, with costs recoverable in as little as 4.75 years. These upgrades avoid altering the buildings’ historic appearance, balancing energy efficiency with heritage preservation. This work presents a practical model for upgrading traditional rural homes, which supports both environmental goals and cultural conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 116518"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive assessment of the impact of the Saudi Building Code (SBC) on energy performance of residential buildings in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Mojeed A. Olawale ,&nbsp;Mohammad S. Al-Homoud ,&nbsp;Adel. A. Abdou ,&nbsp;Mohammed Alhaji Mohammed","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy use in buildings is a global issue, accounting for approximately 40% of global energy consumption, particularly in extreme climates. Rising populations and low energy costs in Saudi Arabia increase residential energy use. The Saudi Building Code (SBC) and Mostadam rating system aim to improve energy efficiency. However, they may overlook the country’s diverse climate. This study assesses the effectiveness of SBC and Mostadam in enhancing energy performance across Saudi Arabia’s diverse climatic zones. Three typical residential buildings − an apartment, an attached duplex, and a villa- were modeled and simulated across 46 Saudi locations. To achieve this, SBC envelope requirements were subsequently applied and benchmarked against the Mostadam rating system. Results showed that significant energy savings can be achieved by implementing SBC. Energy use intensities (EUIs) were reduced through SBC implementation, resulting in a decrease for all studied building types. The city of Jizan recorded the highest consumption, with EUIs in simulated cases ranging from 191.0 to 263.4 kWh/m²/year, which were reduced to between 120.7 and 235.5 kWh/m²/year with the introduction of the SBC. Abha, however, recorded the lowest consumption rate, with EUIs of 56.5 to 113.0 kWh/m²/year in the simulated case, which was reduced to 45.9 to 112.3 kWh/m²/year after applying the SBC. This indicates a positive ramification of SBC to energy savings, particularly in CZone-2, where reductions may have reached 20 % - 25 %. The study emphasizes context-specific performance standards of different residential typology to boost residential sustainability in Saudi Arabia, aligning with Vision 2030′s energy efficiency and environmental responsibility goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 116524"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental characterization of a CO2 heat pump with ejector for building heating applications","authors":"K. Ameur,&nbsp;S. Taslimi Taleghani","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of growing environmental concerns, natural refrigerants, particularly CO₂, have gained renewed interest. While CO₂ performs especially well in refrigeration applications, its use in heating systems remains relatively limited. To improve the efficiency of CO₂-based systems, complementary technologies such as two-phase ejectors are integrated to help recover expansion losses. This study focuses on an experimental characterization of a transcritical CO₂ heat pump integrated with an ejector. Various operating conditions, representing typical heating applications in buildings, were tested to assess heat pump performance and ejector behavior.</div><div>Results show that the ejector heat pump achieved a COP of 1.9 to 3.4 under the tested conditions, consistently outperforming the basic heat pump. While both systems showed lower COP at higher water inlet temperatures, the ejector’s pressure lift increased with water temperature, improving performance by 9 % at 25 °C and 18 % at 40 °C. This makes the ejector particularly beneficial for high-temperature applications. Its primary advantage lies in reducing the compressor’s compression ratio, further boosting overall system efficiency and heating capacity. Finally, a novel high-pressure control strategy was evaluated, utilizing valves arranged in series and parallel with the ejector, and demonstrated effective pressure control but introduced losses that limited overall gains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 116521"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145229012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of light-thermal environment and energy consumption in ice sports venues between China and Finland","authors":"Xiaohui Du,&nbsp;Yujun Li,&nbsp;Fang Zheng,&nbsp;Yuzhen Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to strong cold radiation from the ice surface, the indoor environment of ice venues is more complex than that of ordinary sports facilities. However, maintaining a comfortable indoor environment consumes substantial energy. Therefore, indoor environmental quality and energy use are critical to the sustainable operation of ice venues. Under the dual-carbon agenda, it is urgent to assess the real operational performance of existing ice venues and to identify energy-saving optimization pathways. Supported by a China–Finland intergovernmental science and technology innovation project, this study conducted field measurements and surveys at four representative ice venues in China and Finland, and used numerical simulation to evaluate indoor environmental quality and operational energy-saving measures.</div><div>Main conclusions: (1) The indoor air temperature in ice areas can be raised to the standard upper limit. At Wukesong Figure skating venue, the measured temperature (4.7 °C) is well below the standard (12 °C). Increasing it would save energy while maintaining thermal comfort. (2) Spectator areas are 6–9 °C below standard but acceptable (TSV &gt; PMV). The lower tier is 2–3 °C cooler because of the ice surface, requiring zoned temperature control and enhanced dehumidification. (3) Illuminance generally exceeds the standard (Wukesong Figure skating venue: 1362 lx vs. standard 300 lx). Increasing design illuminance from 300 lx to 2000 lx would raise lighting energy use by about 4.3 times. (4) Ice production accounts for 45 %–50 % of total energy consumption. Reducing the ice-surface temperature from −3 °C to −8 °C increases energy use by 8.5 kWh/m². Improving heat-recovery performance (increasing COP to 7.4) can reduce consumption by roughly 15.69 kWh/m². (5) Low-carbon retrofit strategies could combine Finnish practices (heat recovery and seasonal operation) with Chinese approaches to natural daylighting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 116523"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous or intermittent heating?: Uncovering practical heating control strategies amid common misconceptions about radiant floor heating","authors":"Jisoo Shim ,&nbsp;Hyunwoo Lim ,&nbsp;Doosam Song ,&nbsp;Somin Park","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Practical heating control strategies offer significant potential to reduce residential heating energy consumption, yet traditional guidelines often fail to reflect modern occupancy patterns and user intentions. Consequently, many occupants adjust their heating systems based on habitual practices or misconceptions rather than accurate system understanding. Radiant floor heating (RFH) systems, characterized by a slow thermal response, are particularly vulnerable to such misconceptions, leading to inefficient energy use and compromised thermal comfort.</div><div>This study combined a large-scale survey of 473 households across South Korea with controlled experiments to uncover how RFH users manage their systems and how practical control methods can improve outcomes. Survey results revealed that despite a strong motivation to save energy, 41.6 % of users applied control strategies based on misconceptions, while 38.0 % expressed uncertainty about effective methods. Contrary to conventional assumptions, nighttime setback control achieved the best balance between energy efficiency and thermal comfort, outperforming continuous heating and daytime setback strategies. Experimental validation demonstrated that providing accurate, practical control guidance alone reduced heating energy consumption by up to 11.2 % while improving thermal comfort by 9.5 %.</div><div>These findings highlight the urgent need for system-specific, user-centered guidance to achieve scalable energy savings without requiring costly technological investments, bridging the gap between technical recommendations and real-world occupant behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 116501"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding and coping with uncertainties in district heating systems: a multi-pathway review from probabilistic modeling to intelligent integration","authors":"Xinyue Liang,&nbsp;Junhong Yang,&nbsp;Junda Zhu,&nbsp;Mengbo Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>District heating systems (DHS) are key infrastructures supporting urban energy transition and low-carbon development, which often operate under the influence of multiple interrelated factors and introduce various forms of uncertainties inevitably, potentially undermining energy efficiency and thermal comfort. Probabilistic methodology is recognized as one of the most mainstream mathematical tools for coping with uncertainties, providing mathematical pathways to describe, quantify, and reason about uncertainties. This paper provides a systematic review of mitigation strategies for various sources of uncertainty, including demand-side, network, supply-side, and coupled multi-source uncertainties, with particular emphasis on existing approaches that span the entire process from uncertainty characterization and decision-making to operational implementation, highlighting their strengths while also identifying their limitations. The critical role of probabilistic approaches is underscored in addressing uncertainty, while set-based techniques remain essential for worst-case guarantees, affirming their complementarity. The mainstream pathway for addressing uncertainty in DHS adopts a two-stage framework, in which the uncertainty set is first reduced through scenario clustering or interval bounding, and the remaining uncertainty is subsequently managed by robust or risk-averse optimization with manageable computational complexity. This paper further assesses emerging hybrid methodologies that synergistically incorporate probabilistic rigor, artificial intelligence (AI) driven adaptability, and coordinated multi-scale strategies. Advances in Fifth‑Generation District Heating and Cooling (5GDHC) networks and real‑time digital twins (DT) facilitate cyber‑physical uncertainty management at the device level. In the end, this paper offers guidance for future research and practical applications of probabilistic and these hybrid-driven strategies in sustainable practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 116514"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating net-zero carbon emission benefits in Nigeria’s construction industry","authors":"Oladoyin Abidemi Akintola ,&nbsp;Ayodeji Emmanuel Oke","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study evaluates the potential benefits of achieving net-zero carbon emissions in the construction industry.</div></div><div><h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3><div>The research followed a quantitative research approach, using closed-ended questionnaires targeted at construction professionals in Nigeria.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>The study reveals that all twenty-four variables are beneficial in attaining net-zero carbon emissions in the construction industry. However, reduction of the major climatic effects, improvement of public health and overall well-being, decrease in sectoral pollution, increasing productivity and economic growth, and attainment of natural capital conservation are the most significant benefits, using a ranking approach based on the mean item scores.</div></div><div><h3>Research implications</h3><div>The research shows positive implications practically and theoretically. It serves as a form of incentive for construction professionals to adopt strategies for attaining net-zero construction and for industry leaders to support policy development and evaluation to attain the benefits reviewed.</div></div><div><h3>Originality/value</h3><div>The findings from this research provide a fresh perspective on the significance of the identified benefits of achieving net-zero emissions in the construction industry. This could be utilised by industry decision-makers to align strategies according to the importance of the benefits in real-time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 116509"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Village electricity consumption prediction using CNN-DNN framework integrating construction land morphology: A Case study of 285 villages in cold regions","authors":"Lianzheng He ,&nbsp;Zhixin Li ,&nbsp;Jieli Sui ,&nbsp;Hong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the deepening implementation of China’s rural revitalization strategy, village electricity consumption (VEC) prediction has become a crucial component of energy planning. However, traditional methods face challenges including data acquisition difficulties and slow prediction speeds. This study focuses on construction land and develops a deep learning framework integrating morphology and socioeconomic data for VEC prediction. Using 285 villages in cold regions of China as research subjects, a CNN-DNN dual-model framework was developed: CNN automatically extracts nine morphology parameters from high-resolution satellite imagery, combines with three socioeconomic data to construct feature sets, and DNN realizes VEC prediction. This method not only avoids the time and cost limitations of traditional field surveys, but also solves the data acquisition challenges in rural areas, making large-scale VEC assessment possible. SHAP analysis reveals that residential land area (RLA) and permanent population (PP) are the dominant predictive factors, exhibiting nonlinear threshold effects. The model demonstrates excellent performance (R² = 0.938, RMSE = 815,821 kWh), identifying three types of VEC patterns: high-consumption villages (15 %), medium-consumption villages (64 %), and low-consumption villages (21 %), showing significant spatial differentiation characteristics. This framework provides scientific tools and methods for rapid assessment of VEC and formulation of differentiated electricity policies in cold regions of China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 116492"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental application of a semi-parametric model for interpretable and accurate egression analysis of building energy consumption","authors":"Simone Eiraudo ,&nbsp;Alfonso Gijón ,&nbsp;Antonio Manjavacas ,&nbsp;Daniele Salvatore Schiera ,&nbsp;Luca Barbierato ,&nbsp;Miguel Molina-Solana ,&nbsp;Juan Gómez-Romero ,&nbsp;Roberta Giannantonio ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Bottaccioli ,&nbsp;Andrea Lanzini","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Regression analysis is a versatile tool with numerous applications across diverse domains. Its utility extends to several tasks, including forecasting, inverse modeling, anomaly detection, and pattern identification. Over the years, researchers have mainly focused on two regression categories: parametric and non-parametric analysis. In light of the benefits and drawbacks of both methods, this work introduces a semi-parametric approach, combining regression accuracy and interpretability. This is achieved by designing a hybrid model, that includes a physics-based sub-model and a neural network. The proposed data-driven pipeline is applied to a relevant case study from the energy sector, namely the analysis of building energy consumption, achieving high accuracy compared to the parametric approach. Results demonstrate an increase in the mean coefficient of determination, from 0.77 to 0.94, with a MAPE drop from 5.5 % to 2.2 %. Meanwhile, the semi-parametric model allows the assessment of the thermal behavior of the buildings, thereby offering an improvement over black-box approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 116495"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}