Energy and Buildings最新文献

{"title":"A hybrid predictive model with an error-trigger adjusting method of thermal load in super-high buildings","authors":"Shijun Deng ,&nbsp;Jian Cen ,&nbsp;Haiying Song ,&nbsp;Jianbin Xiong ,&nbsp;Zhiwen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The precise prediction of thermal load has consistently garnered attention owing to its significant impact on energy conservation in buildings. The methodologies employed primarily concentrate on modeling within steady-state conditions, utilizing time-series data or mechanism model on fixed parameters. However, given the pronounced time-varying and multifaceted disturbance characteristics associated with building loads, current approaches exhibit constrained efficacy in addressing abrupt fluctuations in demand load and managing data noise. This limitation consequently undermines the accuracy of predictions. This paper proposes a novel hybrid model and an error-trigger adjusting strategy for predicting the thermal load in super-high buildings. The model is constructed by combining a thermodynamic model and an error cancellation model. The former, derived from an examination of the variations of material and energy in buildings, is proposed in the form of an approximate resistance-capacitance structure. The latter is developed using a wavelet threshold denoising technique, in conjunction with a convolutional neural network and a long short-term memory network. A self-adaptive state transition algorithm has been proposed, which relies on dynamically adjusting factors within the feasible region to optimize the selection of unknown parameters in the thermodynamic model. To enhance the flexibility of the hybrid model in effectively respond to the intricacies and fluctuations within the thermal conditions of buildings, an error-trigger adaptive updating strategy and a parameter calibration method based on sensitivity analysis are established. The real-world application results demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented hybrid model and the adjusting strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 115081"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing heating efficiency: The role of sunspace geometry","authors":"Serkan Erdem,&nbsp;Cenk Onan","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar energy stands out among renewable energy sources due to its efficiency and ease of application, making it a preferred option. It can be utilized through both active and passive systems, significantly reducing heating costs. Sunspaces, a type of passive heating system, not only provide additional usable spaces but also decrease the heating load of buildings. However, studies and market applications indicate that the roof slopes of sunspaces are generally not significantly varied. Additionally, the depth of the sunspace is often determined based on the area of use, which can limit the full utilization of its energy potential. In this study, the impact of sunspace geometry on energy savings was investigated. A scaled model of a detached house with a sunspace was created in Istanbul, and measurements were taken in an open field during winter conditions. Parameters such as indoor and outdoor temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar energy were examined. This house model was then simulated using TRNSYS software, and the results were compared with experimental data. After confirming that accurate results could be obtained with the computer model, different roof slopes and room depths of the sunspace were simulated. The results determined the effects of roof slope and room depth on energy consumption. Consequently, it became possible to better harness solar energy in sunspaces and reduce heating costs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 115113"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of wind load characteristics of cantilevered scaffolding of a high-rise building based on field measurement","authors":"Jiaying Wang ,&nbsp;Feng Wang ,&nbsp;Xinming Chen ,&nbsp;Jing Wei ,&nbsp;Jun Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over recent years, rigid porous plates with higher wind resistance coefficients have become more frequent in construction projects, replacing flexible dense mesh safety nets. This change has resulted in a substantial increase in the load on the surface of the clad scaffolding. The paper is centered on the characteristics of wind load on the cantilever construction scaffolding of a high-rise building in Xi’an, with the objective of concluding the distribution rules by field measurement. The study revealed that the non-Gaussian characteristics of wind pressure are most pronounced near the incoming separation point and the middle of the building surface. The local wind force coefficient adheres to a logarithmic distribution pattern with the wind pressure turbulence. The turbulence, gust factor, and skewness and kurtosis of fluctuating wind pressure exhibit an “S-like” distribution along the building surface. Based on the research findings, as the wind pressure increases significantly, two correlations between the mean value of the fluctuating stress and fluctuating wind pressure were identified: linear and mean fluctuation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 115123"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic building energy model development and debugging using large language models agentic workflow","authors":"Liang Zhang ,&nbsp;Vitaly Ford ,&nbsp;Zhelun Chen ,&nbsp;Jianli Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Building energy modeling (BEM) is a complex process that demands significant time and expertise, limiting its broader application in building design and operations. While Large Language Models (LLMs) agentic workflow have facilitated complex engineering processes, their application in BEM has not been specifically explored. This paper investigates the feasibility of automating BEM using LLM agentic workflow. We developed a generic LLM-planning-based workflow that takes a building description as input and generates an error-free EnergyPlus building energy model. Our robust workflow includes four core agents: 1) Building Description Pre-Processing, 2) IDF Object Information Extraction, 3) Single IDF Object Generator Suite, and 4) IDF Debugging Agent. These agents divide the complex tasks into manageable sub-steps, enabling LLMs to generate accurate and reliable results at each stage. The case study demonstrates the successful translation of a building description into an error-free EnergyPlus model for the iUnit modular building at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The effectiveness of our workflow surpasses: 1) naive prompt engineering, 2) other LLM-based workflows, and 3) manual modeling, in terms of accuracy, reliability, and time efficiency. The paper concludes with a discussion on the interplay between foundational models and LLM agent planning design, advocating for the use of fine-tuned, specialized models to advance this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 115116"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142718349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of bio-based wood fiber insulation for building envelopes: Characteristics and performance assessment","authors":"Liam O’Brien ,&nbsp;Ling Li ,&nbsp;Wilhelm Friess ,&nbsp;Jacob Snow ,&nbsp;Benjamin Herzog ,&nbsp;Shane O’Neill","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A sustainable future in the built environment is contingent on the reduction of energy consumption. Thermal insulation has been widely used as a means of reducing the operational energy usage of buildings, however current products dominating the market are non-renewable, fossil-based, and utilize energy intensive production methods. Wood fiber insulation (WFI), the most successfully commercialized natural insulation product, has been produced in European nations since the late 1900′s, however spread to other regions did not occur until recently. Limited global use has led to a narrow body of research that focuses largely on material development and use in cold climates. The investigation of WFI in building envelopes is insufficient, especially regarding its biological and hygroscopic nature, as well as its impact on the building envelope’s performance. This paper aims to review WFI’s hygrothermal and energetic performance. First, material property evaluation, such as thermal conductivity and moisture sorption, provides insight into the ability of WFI to be used in buildings while determining if there are special considerations when being used. An assessment of WFI within wall and roof assemblies allows for investigation under varying climatic conditions and within building systems. Finally, whole building monitoring allows for an understanding of how WFI acts within the building envelope with human occupation. Findings reveal WFI provides comparable thermal conductivity to conventional insulation materials, while being biologically derived and vapor open. Further research is required to harmonize testing methodologies, production processes, and additives used to better the impacts these have on WFI’s properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 115114"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early-stage identification of indoor leakage sources in factories","authors":"Yukun Wang,&nbsp;Wei Liu,&nbsp;Zhengwei Long","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identifying the leakage source in industrial factories as soon as an incident happens is crucial for controlling the leak in time and safeguarding lives and property. This study developed a rapid source identification method for factories, aiming to identify the characteristics of leakage sources at the early stage of the leakage event. The approach integrates pollutant diffusion theory, sliding window method, correlation coefficient method, and data fitting method. Based on an experimental cabin, 162 verification conditions were established, encompassing constant sources as well as two time-varying sources: linear and non-linear ones. Additionally, various aspects of the method were evaluated. It was found that considering the error and noise in sensor monitoring data, the method exhibits identification accuracies of 83.3%, 79.6%, and 74.1% for constant sources, linear sources, and non-linear sources, respectively. In the case of non-linear sources, the coefficient “<em>b</em>” must be taken into account when generating the dimensionless concentration vector. A sliding window containing 50 to 60 valid data points can achieve the highest source identification accuracy. This research can provide help in quickly locating leakage sources in factories, help with the timely control of leaks, and protect workers’ health and property safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 115111"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and application of a thermoregulatory control for a thermal manikin: A comparative study of the thermal response of young and elderly individuals","authors":"Jun Shinoda ,&nbsp;Mariya P. Bivolarova ,&nbsp;Claus Bidstrup ,&nbsp;Thomas Hvitved ,&nbsp;Jørn Toftum","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal manikins enable a detailed, reproducible evaluation of the human body heat exchange with clothing and the surrounding environment. Conventional control of thermal manikins limits their use to steady-state conditions, but several studies have reported successful coupling of thermal manikins and human thermoregulatory models to expand their applicability to transient conditions. This study reports on the coupling of a thermal manikin with the open-source human thermoregulatory model JOS-3. The performance of the developed control was confirmed through climate chamber measurements within a temperature range corresponding to a predicted mean vote (PMV) of ± 2. Utilizing the capability of the JOS-3 model to personalize parameters such as age and body composition, a case study emulating the thermal response of young and elderly individuals was conducted. The manikin was exposed to transient conditions with and without local heating at room temperatures of 16, 19, and 21 °C. The measurement results showed that the manikin controlled with parameters of elderly individuals were more sensitive to the ambient temperatures and showed a larger decrease in body surface temperature. At 16 °C room temperature, the predicted whole-body thermal sensation based on body surface temperature showed a substantial increase with local heating only for the young individual setting. Measurements with the elderly individual setting did not yield a noticeable increase due to the lower surface temperature of body parts not targeted by the heater. The results confirmed that the developed control can assess the thermal response of different individuals in transient conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 115110"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UAV-BIM-BEM: An automatic unmanned aerial vehicles-based building energy model generation platform","authors":"Haojie Guo ,&nbsp;Zhihua Chen ,&nbsp;Xi Chen ,&nbsp;Jingjing Yang ,&nbsp;Chengcheng Song ,&nbsp;Yixing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many existing and aging buildings were in urgent need of upgrades and renovations, but lack accurate geometric and energy consumption information. This study introduced an unmanned aerial vehicles-based (UAV-based) automated platform for building information modellings (BIM) to generate builidng energy modellings (BEM), which was called the UAV-BIM-BEM platform. The platform enabled the creation of energy models for existing buildings to estimate energy consumption and perform retrofit analysis. A four-story office building in Hong Kong, with dimensions of 52.3 m in length, 14.3 m in width, and 16.5 m in height, was selected as the case study building. Firstly, using UAV oblique photography techniques and path planning algorithms, the building images were transformed into a detailed 3D point cloud model. The point cloud model was provided to Revit to generate the BIM model in IFC format. The IFC file containing the geometric information of the building was then supplied to the AutoBPS-BIM tool, resulting in the generation of the BEM model in EnergyPlus to simulate detailed end-use energy consumption. The annual electricity use intensity (EUI) of the building was estimated to be 145.05 kWh/m². Lastly, the generated energy model was used to evaluate the energy-saving potential of three different measures. The results showed that the electrical energy savings from cooling equipment, lighting systems, and window replacement are 17.22 %, 6.91 %, and 6.61 %, respectively. This research demonstrated that the UAV-BIM-BEM platform has great potential in BEM modeling for existing buildings and building energy retrofitting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 115120"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost and cost distribution of policy-driven investments in decentralized heating systems in residential buildings in Germany","authors":"Berit Hanna Czock ,&nbsp;Cordelia Frings ,&nbsp;Fabian Arnold","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To reduce emissions from residential buildings, Germany uses incentive-based policies, such as renewable energy requirements, subsidies, and <span><math><msub><mrow><mtext>CO</mtext></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> pricing. We analyze how these policies influence household decision-making regarding decentralized building energy technology and the resulting costs. We use a building-level mixed integer linear programming model to determine optimal investments and operation for decentralized technologies across a representative German residential building stock. We find that with renewable energy requirements, subsidies, <span><math><msub><mrow><mtext>CO</mtext></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> pricing, high medium-term gas prices, and moderate electricity price increases, many buildings benefit from early replacement of fossil systems with electric heat pumps, leading to rapid decarbonization. However, the costs of decentralized decarbonization vary widely: some buildings see net savings of up to <span><math><mn>4</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>800</mn></math></span> EUR from 2020 to 2045 compared to a no-policy scenario, while others face substantial costs. For example, single-family homes with recently installed gas or oil systems, where early replacement with heat pumps is not feasible, could incur up to <span><math><mn>11</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>000</mn></math></span> EUR in <span><math><msub><mrow><mtext>CO</mtext></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>-related costs. Residents of multifamily homes with single-story gas heating may face <span><math><msub><mrow><mtext>CO</mtext></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> costs up to <span><math><mn>8</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>000</mn></math></span> EUR per residential unit due to limited decarbonization options. Policymakers should consider these dynamics when prioritizing buildings for district heating or hydrogen in municipal heat planning or designing <span><math><msub><mrow><mtext>CO</mtext></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> price revenue recycling mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 115104"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of droplet freezing on superhydrophobic surfaces with different microstructures","authors":"Xu Han ,&nbsp;Dan Zhang ,&nbsp;Haikun Zheng ,&nbsp;Wei Sheng ,&nbsp;Xiaoru Hao ,&nbsp;Xiaozhuan Chen ,&nbsp;Chaobin Dang ,&nbsp;Mengjie Song","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Superhydrophobic surfaces with microstructures have garnered significant attention for anti-icing applications due to their lower cost and higher efficiency. In this paper, we designed and prepared surfaces with differently spaced groove microstructures on aluminum substrates using femtosecond laser technology combined with low-surface-energy coatings. In addition, droplet freezing times and freezing processes were investigated to study the anti-icing properties of different surfaces. The results demonstrated that the sample surfaces exhibit excellent superhydrophobicity. At the cold surface temperature of −15 °C, the freezing time of droplets on the surface with a spacing of 100 μm is 707.9 s, which is far more than that of other sample surfaces. Additionally, groove spacing has a more pronounced effect on the rate of change in height compared to the diameter before and after droplet freezing. During the freezing process, the freezing front initiates from the cold surface and grows upward in a convex shape. As the growth of the freezing front at the edge accelerates, it eventually becomes concave, and this phenomenon occurs earlier at lower temperatures. Freezing is considered complete when the freezing tip appears. As the temperature decreases, both the droplet supercooling time and phase change time shorten. This paper is anticipated to provide a reference for the design of efficient anti-icing materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 115109"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}